İkili ve Sıralı Tercih Modelleriyle Türkiye’de Yaşlı Bireylerin Yaşam Memnuniyeti ve Mutluluk Düzeylerinin Belirleyenleri

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öznel iyi oluşun iki ana göstergesi olan yaşam memnuniyeti ve mutluluk düzeyi üzerine etkili olan faktörlerin Türkiye’de 65 yaş ve üzeri bireyler için sınanmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 2023 yılı TÜİK Türkiye Yaşlı Profili Araştırması mikro veri seti kullanılarak yaşam memnuniyeti değişkeninin açıklanmasında ikili logit ve probit model, mutluluk düzeyinin açıklanmasında ise sıralı, stereotip ve genelleştirilmiş logit modeller tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, yaşam memnuniyeti ve mutluluk düzeyine ilişkin alternatif modellerden elde edilen sonuçların büyük ölçüde birbirini destekler nitelikte olduğunu göstermektedir. Yaş, şiddete maruz kalma, parasal yoksunluğun yaşam memnuniyeti üzerine negatif etkileri; destek alınabilir kişi sayısı ve yardım almaksızın dışarı çıkabilme durumlarının ise pozitif etkileri tespit edilmiştir. Destek alınabilir kişi sayısındaki artış, lisansüstü eğitim düzeyine sahip olma ve yardım almaksızın dışarı çıkabilme durumunun 65 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin daha yüksek mutluluk düzeyi bildirme olasılığını artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Şiddete maruz kalma, parasal yoksunluk ve oturulan konutta kiracı olma durumlarının daha yüksek mutluluk düzeyi bildirmiş olma olasılığını azalttığı tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• yaşam memnuniyeti
• mutluluk
• sıralı tercih modelleri
• ikili tercih modelleri

Determinants of Life Satisfaction and Happiness Levels of Older Individuals in Türkiye Using Binary and Ordered Choice Models

Abstract

This study aims to examine the factors influencing life satisfaction and happiness among individuals aged 65 and over in Türkiye, two main indicators of subjective well-being. For this purpose, using the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) 2023 Türkiye Older Persons Profile Survey micro dataset, binary logit and binary probit models were estimated to explain the life satisfaction variable, and ordered, stereotype, and generalized ordered logit models were estimated to explain the happiness level variable. The findings indicate that results from alternative models of life satisfaction and happiness are largely consistent. Age, exposure to violence, and financial deprivation had negative effects on life satisfaction; while the number of people who could provide support and the ability to go out independently had positive effects. An increase in the number of people available for support, having a postgraduate education, and the ability to go out independently were found to increase the likelihood of reporting higher levels of happiness among individuals aged 65 and over. In contrast, exposure to violence, financial deprivation, and being a tenant were found to reduce the likelihood of reporting higher levels of happiness.

Keywords

• Life satisfaction
• Happiness
• Ordered choice models
• Binary choice models

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