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Safety Culture In Aviation: Investigation Of Reason’s Safety Culture Model

Year 2020, , 95 - 104, 24.02.2020
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.520721

Abstract

When the reasons of accidents in the first years of aviation was examined, it is seen that accidents was mostly caused by technical factors. Today, technical factors are replaced by human and organizational factors. Safety culture is an important concept that should be considered in the prevention of occupational accidents. The aim of this study is to contribute to Turkish literature by examining Reason’s Safety Culture Model. According to Reason, the four sub-components of the safety culture- just, reporting, flexible and learning cultures- interact with each other to create informed culture, in other words, a safety culture. Those who work in a non-punitive just culture can report both their mistakes and colleagues’ mistakes without fear and allow the organization to learn from mistakes. The characteristics of the informed culture are as follows; fair environment, support from senior management, participation from all levels of the organization, open communication, reporting, learning of the whole organization and effective decision making process.  

References

  • Albrechtsen, E.(2003), Security vs safety, http://www.iot.ntnu.no/users/albrecht/rapporter/notat%20safety%20v%20security.pdf (Ulaşma tarihi:15.02.2018)
  • Alsowayigh, M.(2014). Assessing Safety Culture Among Pilots in Saudi Airlines: A Quantitative Study Approach, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
  • Altınpınar, İ.(2015). Gemi ve uçak personeli arasında emniyet kültürü algısının karşılaştırılması. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Trabzon: Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Aytaç, S.(2011). İş kazalarını önlemede güvenlik kültürünün önemi. Türk Metal Sendikası Dergisi, 147, 30-38.
  • CAS (2012), SMS for aviation – a practical guide human factors, https://www.casa.gov.au/sites/g/files/net351/f/_assets/main/sms/download/2012-sms-book6-human-factors.pdf ulaşma tarihi (25.12.2017)
  • CANSO (2008), Safety culture definition and enhancement process, https://www.canso.org/sites/default/files/Safety%20Culture%20Definition%20and%20Enhancement%20Process.pdf (Ulaşma tarihi: 06.11.2017)
  • Dekker, J.(2007), Just Culture: Balancing Safety and Accountability, Ashgate, Surrey.
  • Dikmen, Ç.(1999). Organizasyonel öğrenme ve öğrenen organizasyonlar, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadi Enstitüsü Dergisi-Yönetim Dergisi, 34, 57-67.
  • Ek, A., Akselsson, R., Arvidsson, M. ve Johansson, C.(2007). Safety culture in Swedish air traffic control, Safety Science, 45, 791-811.
  • Eroğlu, E., Berk, Y., Öksüz, A., Keser, N. ve Mercan, F. (2009). Sağlık çalışanlarının hata bildirimi alanında eğitilmesi ve tıbbı hataların değerlendirilmesi, Uluslararası Sağlıkta Performans ve Kalite Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 2, 76-84.
  • Eurocontrol(2008), Safety Culture in Air Traffic Management A White Paper, https://www.skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/564.pdf (Ulaşma Tarihi:6.11.2017)
  • FAA (2009), Risk Management Handbook, FAA-H-8083-2.
  • Frankel, A., Leonard, M. ve Denham, C.(2006). Fair and just culture, team behavior and leadership engagement: the tools to achieve high reliability, HSR: Health Services Research, 41(4), 1690-1709.
  • Gill, G. ve Shergill, G.(2004). Perceptions of safety management and safety culture in the aviation industry in New Zealand, Journal of Air Transport Management, 10, 233-239.
  • Glendon, A. ve Stanton, N.(2000), Perspectives on safety culture, Safety Science, 34, 193-214.International Atomic Energy Agency (1986), Summary Report on the Post-accident Review Meeting on Chernobyl Accident, IAEA, Viyana.
  • Havold, I. (2005). Safety culture in a Norwegian shipping company, Journal of Safety Research, 36, 441-458.
  • Helmreich,R.(2000). Culture and error in space: Implications from analog environments. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 71(11), 133-139.
  • ICAO (2013). International Civil Aviation Organization Safety Management Manual (Doc 9859-AN/474). ICAO.Montreal,Canada.
  • ICAO (2018). Safety Report. ICAO, Montreal, Canada.
  • International Atomic Energy Agency (1986). Summary Report on the Post-accident Review Meeting on Chernobyl Accident, Viyana: IAEA.
  • Khoshkhoo, R., Jahangirian, A. ve Sharafbafi, F.(2018), Analysis of fleet type impact on the threats and errors of an airline using line operations safety audit (losa), Aviation, 22(1), 31-39.
  • Lexico (2019). Dictionary. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/security
  • Merritt, H., Merritt, C. ve Sherman, J. (1996). Human factors and national culture, ICAO Journal, 51(8), 14-16.
  • Morrow, S., Koves, G. ve Barnes, V. (2014). Exploring the relationship between safety culture and safety performance in U.S. nuclear power operations, Safety Sciene, 69, 37-47.
  • Nemli,E.(1998). Rekabet avantajı kazanmada örgütsel esnekliğin önemi, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 31(3), 75-86.
  • O’leary, M. ve Chappell, S.(1996). Confidential incident reporting systems create vital awareness of safety problems. ICAO Journal, 51, 11-13.
  • Oster, C., Strong, J. ve Zorn,C.(2013), Analyzing aviation safety: Problems, challenges, opportunities, Research in Transportation Economics, 43, 148-164.
  • Pozzo,R.(2015), Legal framework for safeguarding air passenger rights, Springer Publishing SwitzerlandÖnen, V.(2017). Havacılık endüstrisinde adil kültür üzerine kavramsal bir çalışma, USBD Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 30-52.
  • Önen, V.(2016). Havacılıkta Emniyet Kültürü- İklimi, (1.Basım), Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. Ankara
  • Reason, J. ve Hobbs,A.(2003). Managing Maintenance Error: A Practical Guide. Ashgate:Surrey
  • Reason,J.(1997). Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents, Aldershot:Ashgate
  • Sammer, C., Lykens, K., Singh, K., Mains, D. ve Lackan,N.(2010). What is patient safety culture? A review of the literatüre, Journal Of Nursing Scholarship, 42(2), 156-165.Serin, G.(2016), Organizational safety climate, precondition for unsafe acts and unsafe acts of Turkish commercial airline pilots, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Terzi, H. ve Gazioğlu, C.(2014). Pozitif emniyet kültürü temel öğelerini esas alan kazasay olayları (near miss) raporlama sistemi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 23-58
  • Wert, R.(2011), Man who grounded 4000 planes on 9/11 was on first day of his job, https://jalopnik.com/5838772/man-who-grounded-4000-planes-on-911-was-on-first-day-of-his-job (ulaşma tarihi:31.01.2018)
  • Wiegmann, A., Zhang, H, Thaden, L. ve Gibbons, M.(2004). Safety culture: An integrative review, International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 14 (2), 117-134.

Havacılıkta Emniyet Kültürü: Reason’ın Emniyet Kültürü Modelinin İncelenmesi

Year 2020, , 95 - 104, 24.02.2020
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.520721

Abstract

Havacılığın ilk yıllarında yaşanan kazaların nedenleri incelendiğinde uçak kazalarına daha çok teknik faktörlerin neden olduğu görülmektedir. Günümüzde ise teknik faktörler yerini insan faktörlerine ve örgütsel faktörlere bırakmıştır. Emniyet kültürü iş kazalarının önlenmesinde üzerinde durulması gereken önemli bir kavramdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Reason’ın Emniyet Kültür Modelini inceleyerek Türkçe literatüre katkıda bulunmaktır. Reason’a göre emniyet kültürünün dört alt bileşeni- adil kültür, raporlama kültürü, esnek kültür ve öğrenme kültürü- birbirleriyle etkileşimde bulunarak bilinen kültürü başka bir deyişle emniyet kültürünü oluşturmaktadır. Cezalandırıcı olmayan adil bir kültürde çalışanlar hem kendi hem de çalışma arkadaşlarının hatalarını korkmadan raporlayarak örgütün hatalardan öğrenmesine olanak sağlar. Bilinen kültürün özellikleri şunlardır; adil çevre, üst yönetimin desteği, örgütün tüm seviyelerinden katılım, açık iletişim, raporlama, bütün örgütün öğrenmesi ve etkili karar verme sürecidir.

References

  • Albrechtsen, E.(2003), Security vs safety, http://www.iot.ntnu.no/users/albrecht/rapporter/notat%20safety%20v%20security.pdf (Ulaşma tarihi:15.02.2018)
  • Alsowayigh, M.(2014). Assessing Safety Culture Among Pilots in Saudi Airlines: A Quantitative Study Approach, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
  • Altınpınar, İ.(2015). Gemi ve uçak personeli arasında emniyet kültürü algısının karşılaştırılması. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Trabzon: Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Aytaç, S.(2011). İş kazalarını önlemede güvenlik kültürünün önemi. Türk Metal Sendikası Dergisi, 147, 30-38.
  • CAS (2012), SMS for aviation – a practical guide human factors, https://www.casa.gov.au/sites/g/files/net351/f/_assets/main/sms/download/2012-sms-book6-human-factors.pdf ulaşma tarihi (25.12.2017)
  • CANSO (2008), Safety culture definition and enhancement process, https://www.canso.org/sites/default/files/Safety%20Culture%20Definition%20and%20Enhancement%20Process.pdf (Ulaşma tarihi: 06.11.2017)
  • Dekker, J.(2007), Just Culture: Balancing Safety and Accountability, Ashgate, Surrey.
  • Dikmen, Ç.(1999). Organizasyonel öğrenme ve öğrenen organizasyonlar, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadi Enstitüsü Dergisi-Yönetim Dergisi, 34, 57-67.
  • Ek, A., Akselsson, R., Arvidsson, M. ve Johansson, C.(2007). Safety culture in Swedish air traffic control, Safety Science, 45, 791-811.
  • Eroğlu, E., Berk, Y., Öksüz, A., Keser, N. ve Mercan, F. (2009). Sağlık çalışanlarının hata bildirimi alanında eğitilmesi ve tıbbı hataların değerlendirilmesi, Uluslararası Sağlıkta Performans ve Kalite Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 2, 76-84.
  • Eurocontrol(2008), Safety Culture in Air Traffic Management A White Paper, https://www.skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/564.pdf (Ulaşma Tarihi:6.11.2017)
  • FAA (2009), Risk Management Handbook, FAA-H-8083-2.
  • Frankel, A., Leonard, M. ve Denham, C.(2006). Fair and just culture, team behavior and leadership engagement: the tools to achieve high reliability, HSR: Health Services Research, 41(4), 1690-1709.
  • Gill, G. ve Shergill, G.(2004). Perceptions of safety management and safety culture in the aviation industry in New Zealand, Journal of Air Transport Management, 10, 233-239.
  • Glendon, A. ve Stanton, N.(2000), Perspectives on safety culture, Safety Science, 34, 193-214.International Atomic Energy Agency (1986), Summary Report on the Post-accident Review Meeting on Chernobyl Accident, IAEA, Viyana.
  • Havold, I. (2005). Safety culture in a Norwegian shipping company, Journal of Safety Research, 36, 441-458.
  • Helmreich,R.(2000). Culture and error in space: Implications from analog environments. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 71(11), 133-139.
  • ICAO (2013). International Civil Aviation Organization Safety Management Manual (Doc 9859-AN/474). ICAO.Montreal,Canada.
  • ICAO (2018). Safety Report. ICAO, Montreal, Canada.
  • International Atomic Energy Agency (1986). Summary Report on the Post-accident Review Meeting on Chernobyl Accident, Viyana: IAEA.
  • Khoshkhoo, R., Jahangirian, A. ve Sharafbafi, F.(2018), Analysis of fleet type impact on the threats and errors of an airline using line operations safety audit (losa), Aviation, 22(1), 31-39.
  • Lexico (2019). Dictionary. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/security
  • Merritt, H., Merritt, C. ve Sherman, J. (1996). Human factors and national culture, ICAO Journal, 51(8), 14-16.
  • Morrow, S., Koves, G. ve Barnes, V. (2014). Exploring the relationship between safety culture and safety performance in U.S. nuclear power operations, Safety Sciene, 69, 37-47.
  • Nemli,E.(1998). Rekabet avantajı kazanmada örgütsel esnekliğin önemi, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 31(3), 75-86.
  • O’leary, M. ve Chappell, S.(1996). Confidential incident reporting systems create vital awareness of safety problems. ICAO Journal, 51, 11-13.
  • Oster, C., Strong, J. ve Zorn,C.(2013), Analyzing aviation safety: Problems, challenges, opportunities, Research in Transportation Economics, 43, 148-164.
  • Pozzo,R.(2015), Legal framework for safeguarding air passenger rights, Springer Publishing SwitzerlandÖnen, V.(2017). Havacılık endüstrisinde adil kültür üzerine kavramsal bir çalışma, USBD Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 30-52.
  • Önen, V.(2016). Havacılıkta Emniyet Kültürü- İklimi, (1.Basım), Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. Ankara
  • Reason, J. ve Hobbs,A.(2003). Managing Maintenance Error: A Practical Guide. Ashgate:Surrey
  • Reason,J.(1997). Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents, Aldershot:Ashgate
  • Sammer, C., Lykens, K., Singh, K., Mains, D. ve Lackan,N.(2010). What is patient safety culture? A review of the literatüre, Journal Of Nursing Scholarship, 42(2), 156-165.Serin, G.(2016), Organizational safety climate, precondition for unsafe acts and unsafe acts of Turkish commercial airline pilots, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Terzi, H. ve Gazioğlu, C.(2014). Pozitif emniyet kültürü temel öğelerini esas alan kazasay olayları (near miss) raporlama sistemi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 23-58
  • Wert, R.(2011), Man who grounded 4000 planes on 9/11 was on first day of his job, https://jalopnik.com/5838772/man-who-grounded-4000-planes-on-911-was-on-first-day-of-his-job (ulaşma tarihi:31.01.2018)
  • Wiegmann, A., Zhang, H, Thaden, L. ve Gibbons, M.(2004). Safety culture: An integrative review, International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 14 (2), 117-134.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Temel Caner Ustaömer 0000-0003-2783-5983

Ferhan Şengür 0000-0001-7737-851X

Publication Date February 24, 2020
Acceptance Date June 12, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Ustaömer, T. C., & Şengür, F. (2020). Havacılıkta Emniyet Kültürü: Reason’ın Emniyet Kültürü Modelinin İncelenmesi. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.520721

Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.