Populism As An Ideology

Abstract

Recently, it has become quite common to evaluate populism with the ideational approach. Evaluating ideologies through a concept-based morphology, Michael Freeden's theoretical framework helps to explain populism. According to Freeden, ideologies are divided into two main categories, thick-centered and thin-centered ideologies. Populism is suitable to be defined as a thin-centered ideology with its structure that focuses on a limited number of issues-concepts and encompasses a narrow space. In this study, if we will consider populism as an ideology, a proposal is presented about what it’s the core and adjacent concepts might be. The core of populism is composed of four concepts that are people and its surrounding at concepts of elites, unity and sovereignty. Three concepts adjacent to this core are also representation, anti-pluralism and democracy.

Keywords

• Populism
• Democracy
• People

Bir İdeoloji Olarak Popülizm

Öz

Günümüzde popülizmi fikrî yaklaşım içinde değerlendirmek yaygınlık kazanmıştır. İdeolojileri kavram temelli bir morfoloji üzerinden değerlendiren Michael Freeden’in teorik çerçevesi popülizmi açıklama konusunda yardımcı olmaktadır. Buna göre ideolojiler yoğun-merkezli ve seyrek-merkezli ideolojiler olmak üzere iki ana kategoriye ayrılmaktadırlar. Popülizm sınırlı sayıda konuya ve kavrama odaklanan ve dar bir alanı kuşatan yapısıyla seyrek-merkezli bir ideoloji olarak tanımlanmaya uygundur. Bu çalışmada popülizmi, bir ideoloji olarak ele aldığımız taktirde, çekirdek ve bitişik kavramlarının neler olabileceğine dair bir öneri sunulmuştur. Popülizmin çekirdeği, halk ve etrafını kuşatan seçkinler, birlik ve egemenlik olmak üzere dört kavramdan oluşmaktadır. Bu çekirdeğe bitişik olan kavramlar temsiliyet, anti-çoğulculuk ve demokrasi olarak kendini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• popülizm
• demokrasi
• halk
• ideoloji

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