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Camp sociology of Refugees: Refugee Migration and NGOs in Bangladesh-Cox’s Bazar Camps

Year 2021, , 181 - 191, 29.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.835180

Abstract

This study aims at evaluation the activities of international NGOs on refugees with a case study of İnsaniYardımVakfı’s (İHH) activities in Bangladesh Cox’s Bazar. The humanitarian aid activities were evaluated by collecting data from the interviews of İHH representatives, from face to face interviews of refugees in the camps, document analysis and from participant observation in Turkey and in the refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar.The results showed that the refugees’ positive perception of the NGOs can remove obstacles in the field, while the opposite, even if the government supports the NGO, can jeopardise the humanitarian aid activities. The trust to international NGOs can ease the difficult camp conditions. In sum, the relationship between the NGOs and international power relations can determine the success or failure of the activities of the international NGOs.

References

  • Aall, P. (2000). NGOs, Conflict Management and Peacekeeping. International Peacekeeping, 7(1), 121-141. Akhter, M., Uddin, S. M. N., Rafa, N., Hridi, S. M., Staddon, C., &Powell, W. (2020). Drinking Water Security Challenges in Rohingya Refugee Camps of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Sustainability, 12(18), 1-26.
  • Al Jazeera Turk, (2012). Bangladeş’ten STK’lara yardım yasağı www.aljazeera.com.tr (2.8.2012 Bangladeş’ten STK’lara yardım yasağı/Al Jazeera Turk www.aljazeera.com.tr).
  • Alger, C. F. (1999). Strengthening Relations Between NGOs and the UN System: Towards a Research Agenda. Global Society, 13(4), 393-409.
  • Baitenmann, H. (1990). NGOs and the Afghan War: The Politicization of Humanitarian Aid. Third World Quarterly, 12(1), 62-85.
  • Bhatia, A., Mahmud, A., Fuller, A., Shin, R., Rahman, A., Shatil, T., ... &Balsari, S. (2018). TheRohingya in Cox’sBazar: whenthestatelessseekrefuge. Healthandhumanrights, 20(2), 105.
  • Bilgesam, (2018). http://www.bilgesam.org/. 05.12.2018 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Bulley, D. (2014). Inside thetent: Communityandgovernment in refugeecamps. Security Dialogue, 45(1), 63-80.
  • Byman, D. (2001). Uncertain Partners: NGOs and the Military. Survival, 43(2), 97-114.
  • Çebi, E. (2017). Arakan Raporu: Tarihi Süreç, İç Dinamikler ve Uluslararası Aktörle, İnsamer Yayınları Araştırma: 48, İstanbul.
  • Çete, B. (2018). İHH Bölge Koordinatörü, Kişisel Görüşme.
  • Cooley, A., & Ron, J. (2002). The NGO Scramble: Organizational Insecurity and the Political Economy of Transnational Action. International Security, 27(1), 5-39.
  • Durmuş, M.,Y. (2015). Çin’in Myanmar Stratejisi ve ABD, www.bilgesam.com, BİLGESAM Analiz, Doğu Asya Pasifik, No:1262, İstanbul: BİLGESAM, 2-3.
  • Farzana, K. F. (2016). Voices of the Burmese Rohingya refugees: Everydaypolitics of survival in refugeecamps in Bangladesh. Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 24(1), 131-150.
  • Fitzduff, M., & Church, C. (Eds.). (2004). NGOs at the Table: Strategies for Influencing Policies in Areas of Conflict. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • İHH, (2018). Yayınlar ve Web Birimi, İstanbul.
  • Islam, M. M., & Yunus, M. Y. (2020). Rohingyarefugees at high risk of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. TheLancet Global Health, 8(8), e993-e994.
  • Kamal, A. H., Huda, M., Dell, C., Hossain, S., &Ahmed, S. (2020). Translationalstrategiestocontrolandprevent spread of COVID-19 in theRohiyngarefugeecamps in Bangladesh. Global Biosecurity, 1(4).
  • Kim, J. (2010). A Study of the Roles Ofof NGOs for North Korean Refugees’ Human Rights. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 8(1), 76-90.
  • Kjaerum, M., Slavensky, K., &Slumstrup, F. (Eds.). (1993). NGOs and Refugees: Reflections at the Turn of the Century. Forlaget SOCPOL.
  • Lischer, S. K. (2005). Dangerous sanctuaries: Refugeecamps, civilwar, andthedilemmas of humanitarianaid. Cornell UniversityPress.
  • Natsios, A. S. (1995). NGOs and the UN System in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: Conflict or Cooperation?. Third World Quarterly, 16(3), 405-420.
  • Osa, Y. (2003). The Role of Japanese NGOs in The Pursuit Of Human Security: Limits And Possibilities in The Field Of Refugees. In Japan Forum (Vol. 15, No. 2, Pp. 251-265). Taylor & Francis.
  • Özaslan, M., M. (2018). İHH Bangladeş Saha Koordinatörü, Kişisel Görüşme.
  • Peteet, J. M.,&Peteet, J. (2005). Landscape of hopeanddespair: Palestinianrefugeecamps. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Rahman, M. R., &Islam, K. (2019). Massive diphtheria outbreak among Rohingya refugees: lessons learnt. Journal of Travel Medicine, 26(1), tay122.
  • Reimann, K. D. (2006). A View from the Top: International Politics, Norms and the Worldwide Growth of NGOs. International Studies Quarterly, 50(1), 45-67.
  • Shahabuddin, A. S. M., B. Sharkey, A., Jackson, D., Rutter, P., Hasman, A., &Sarker, M. (2020). Carrying out embedded implementation research in humanitarian settings: A qualitativestudy in Cox'sBazar, Bangladesh. PLoSmedicine, 17(7), e1003148.
  • Slim, H. (2002). Claiming a Humanitarian Imperative: NGOs and the Cultivation of Humanitarian Duty. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 21(3), 113-125.
  • Storey, A. (1997). Non-Neutral Humanitarianism: NGOs and The Rwanda Crisis. Development in Practice, 7(4), 384-394.
  • Truelove, S., Abrahim, O., Altare, C., Lauer, S. A., Grantz, K. H., Azman, A. S., & Spiegel, P. (2020). Thepotentialimpact of COVID-19 in refugeecamps in Bangladeshandbeyond: a modelingstudy. PLoSmedicine, 17(6), e1003144.
  • UN. (2018). https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents. 18.10.2018 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Yıldırım, B. (2016).Arafta Sorular, Ülke TV,17.04.2016.
  • Yıldırım, B. (2018). 27-28 Ekim Kızılcahamam İHH İl İstişare Toplantısı, Ankara
  • Zetter, R. (1996). Indigenous NGOs and Refugee Assistance. Development in Practice, 6(1), 37-49.

Mültecilerin Kamp Sosyolojisi: Bangladeş-Cox’s Bazar Kamplarında Mülteci Göçü Ve Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları

Year 2021, , 181 - 191, 29.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.835180

Abstract

Bu çalışma mülteci kamplarındaki göç ve yardım çalışmalarını uluslar arası bir STK olan İnsani Yardım Vakfı’nın (İHH) Bangladeş-Cox’sBazar kamplarındaki çalışmalar üzerinden değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda İHH’nınCox’sBazar’daki yardım faaliyetleri incelenmiştir. Bu faaliyetler, İHH yetkilileri ile yapılan görüşmeler, alanda bazı mültecilerle yapılan yüz yüze görüşmeler, doküman incelemesi ve yardım faaliyetleri sırasında gerek Türkiye’de gerekse mülteci kamplarındaki katılımlı gözlemlerden elde edilen verilere dayanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları göstermiştir ki mültecilerin STK’larla ilgili olumlu ön kabulleri sahadaki engelleri ortadan kaldırırken, tersi bir durumda da insani yardım çalışmalarının başarısı düşmektedir. Mültecilerin güven duyduğu ülkelerden gelen STK’lar yardım çalışmalarını olumlu etkileyerek, olumsuz kamp koşullarının yükünü hafifletebilmektedir. Sonuçta STK’lar ve ülkeler arasındaki siyasi ilişkiler insani yardımların başarılı olup olamayacağını belirleyen temel faktörlerden biri durumundadır.

References

  • Aall, P. (2000). NGOs, Conflict Management and Peacekeeping. International Peacekeeping, 7(1), 121-141. Akhter, M., Uddin, S. M. N., Rafa, N., Hridi, S. M., Staddon, C., &Powell, W. (2020). Drinking Water Security Challenges in Rohingya Refugee Camps of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Sustainability, 12(18), 1-26.
  • Al Jazeera Turk, (2012). Bangladeş’ten STK’lara yardım yasağı www.aljazeera.com.tr (2.8.2012 Bangladeş’ten STK’lara yardım yasağı/Al Jazeera Turk www.aljazeera.com.tr).
  • Alger, C. F. (1999). Strengthening Relations Between NGOs and the UN System: Towards a Research Agenda. Global Society, 13(4), 393-409.
  • Baitenmann, H. (1990). NGOs and the Afghan War: The Politicization of Humanitarian Aid. Third World Quarterly, 12(1), 62-85.
  • Bhatia, A., Mahmud, A., Fuller, A., Shin, R., Rahman, A., Shatil, T., ... &Balsari, S. (2018). TheRohingya in Cox’sBazar: whenthestatelessseekrefuge. Healthandhumanrights, 20(2), 105.
  • Bilgesam, (2018). http://www.bilgesam.org/. 05.12.2018 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Bulley, D. (2014). Inside thetent: Communityandgovernment in refugeecamps. Security Dialogue, 45(1), 63-80.
  • Byman, D. (2001). Uncertain Partners: NGOs and the Military. Survival, 43(2), 97-114.
  • Çebi, E. (2017). Arakan Raporu: Tarihi Süreç, İç Dinamikler ve Uluslararası Aktörle, İnsamer Yayınları Araştırma: 48, İstanbul.
  • Çete, B. (2018). İHH Bölge Koordinatörü, Kişisel Görüşme.
  • Cooley, A., & Ron, J. (2002). The NGO Scramble: Organizational Insecurity and the Political Economy of Transnational Action. International Security, 27(1), 5-39.
  • Durmuş, M.,Y. (2015). Çin’in Myanmar Stratejisi ve ABD, www.bilgesam.com, BİLGESAM Analiz, Doğu Asya Pasifik, No:1262, İstanbul: BİLGESAM, 2-3.
  • Farzana, K. F. (2016). Voices of the Burmese Rohingya refugees: Everydaypolitics of survival in refugeecamps in Bangladesh. Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 24(1), 131-150.
  • Fitzduff, M., & Church, C. (Eds.). (2004). NGOs at the Table: Strategies for Influencing Policies in Areas of Conflict. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • İHH, (2018). Yayınlar ve Web Birimi, İstanbul.
  • Islam, M. M., & Yunus, M. Y. (2020). Rohingyarefugees at high risk of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. TheLancet Global Health, 8(8), e993-e994.
  • Kamal, A. H., Huda, M., Dell, C., Hossain, S., &Ahmed, S. (2020). Translationalstrategiestocontrolandprevent spread of COVID-19 in theRohiyngarefugeecamps in Bangladesh. Global Biosecurity, 1(4).
  • Kim, J. (2010). A Study of the Roles Ofof NGOs for North Korean Refugees’ Human Rights. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 8(1), 76-90.
  • Kjaerum, M., Slavensky, K., &Slumstrup, F. (Eds.). (1993). NGOs and Refugees: Reflections at the Turn of the Century. Forlaget SOCPOL.
  • Lischer, S. K. (2005). Dangerous sanctuaries: Refugeecamps, civilwar, andthedilemmas of humanitarianaid. Cornell UniversityPress.
  • Natsios, A. S. (1995). NGOs and the UN System in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: Conflict or Cooperation?. Third World Quarterly, 16(3), 405-420.
  • Osa, Y. (2003). The Role of Japanese NGOs in The Pursuit Of Human Security: Limits And Possibilities in The Field Of Refugees. In Japan Forum (Vol. 15, No. 2, Pp. 251-265). Taylor & Francis.
  • Özaslan, M., M. (2018). İHH Bangladeş Saha Koordinatörü, Kişisel Görüşme.
  • Peteet, J. M.,&Peteet, J. (2005). Landscape of hopeanddespair: Palestinianrefugeecamps. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Rahman, M. R., &Islam, K. (2019). Massive diphtheria outbreak among Rohingya refugees: lessons learnt. Journal of Travel Medicine, 26(1), tay122.
  • Reimann, K. D. (2006). A View from the Top: International Politics, Norms and the Worldwide Growth of NGOs. International Studies Quarterly, 50(1), 45-67.
  • Shahabuddin, A. S. M., B. Sharkey, A., Jackson, D., Rutter, P., Hasman, A., &Sarker, M. (2020). Carrying out embedded implementation research in humanitarian settings: A qualitativestudy in Cox'sBazar, Bangladesh. PLoSmedicine, 17(7), e1003148.
  • Slim, H. (2002). Claiming a Humanitarian Imperative: NGOs and the Cultivation of Humanitarian Duty. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 21(3), 113-125.
  • Storey, A. (1997). Non-Neutral Humanitarianism: NGOs and The Rwanda Crisis. Development in Practice, 7(4), 384-394.
  • Truelove, S., Abrahim, O., Altare, C., Lauer, S. A., Grantz, K. H., Azman, A. S., & Spiegel, P. (2020). Thepotentialimpact of COVID-19 in refugeecamps in Bangladeshandbeyond: a modelingstudy. PLoSmedicine, 17(6), e1003144.
  • UN. (2018). https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents. 18.10.2018 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Yıldırım, B. (2016).Arafta Sorular, Ülke TV,17.04.2016.
  • Yıldırım, B. (2018). 27-28 Ekim Kızılcahamam İHH İl İstişare Toplantısı, Ankara
  • Zetter, R. (1996). Indigenous NGOs and Refugee Assistance. Development in Practice, 6(1), 37-49.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Murat Ozkul 0000-0002-3428-1635

Publication Date March 29, 2021
Acceptance Date December 16, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Ozkul, M. (2021). Mültecilerin Kamp Sosyolojisi: Bangladeş-Cox’s Bazar Kamplarında Mülteci Göçü Ve Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(Toplum & Siyaset), 181-191. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.835180

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