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“Strength Through Joy Organization” in the Ideological Fortification of Nazi Germany

Year 2021, , 127 - 136, 29.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.851644

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the role, position, and function of the Organization of Strength Through Joy (Kraft durch Freude- KdF), which was established in 1933, in Nazi Germany. In the context of the projection on the social and economic structure of the aims of totalitarian regimes to intervene in social life without leaving any gap, in Nazi Germany, KdF organized events that affected many points of social life, especially holiday organizations, and strengthened the Nazi regime until the year it ended its actions, taking the principles and goals of national socialism at the center of these activities. At this point, the KdF first played a major role in increasing the trust and loyalty regarding the Hitler government. Second, it constituted one of the transporter and application areas of the eugenics politics at the point of Nazism's project of creating a pure race. Finally, it contributed to the establishment of socio-economic and socio-cultural harmony between German society in accordance with the ideological structure of Nazism, and to the cultural production based on this harmony.

References

  • Adorno, T. W. (2005). The Culture Industry, Selected Essays in Mass Culture, London: Routledge.
  • Arendt, H. (1976). The Origins of Totalitarianism, New York & London: Harvest Book.
  • Baranowski, S. (2004). Strength Through Joy. Consumerism and Mass Tourism in the Third Reich, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Baranowski, S. (2005). Radical Nationalism in an International Context: Strength through Joy and the Paradoxes of Nazi Tourism, (Ed.) K. John Walton, In Histories of Tourism, Representation, Identity and Conflict (pp. 125-143). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
  • Bendersky, J. W. (2014). A Concise History of Nazi Germany (Fourth Edition), Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Benz, W. (2000). Geschichte des Dritten Reiches, München: C.H. Beck oHG Verlag.
  • De Grazia, V. (1981). The Culture of Consent. Mass Organisation of Leisure in Fascist Italy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Durgun, G. B. (2012). Otoriter ve Totaliter Rejimler, (Ed.) Ü. Özdağ, In 21. Yüzyılda Siyaset: Devlet ve Siyaset Yönetimi (pp. 179-208), Ankara: Kripto Publication.
  • Ehmer, J. (2004). Nationalsozialistische Bevölkerungspolitik in der neueren historischen Forschung, (Ed.) Mackensen Rainer, Bevölkerungslehre und Bevölkerungspolitik im Dritten Reich (pp. 21-44). Opladen: Leske & Budrich, Opladen.
  • Eryücel, E. (2020). Ulus İnşâ Sürecinde Öjenik Siyaset ve Irkçılık, Ankara: Liberte Publication.
  • Fulbrook, M. (2009). A History of Germany 1918-2008: The Divided Nation (Third Edition), New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Graf, J. (1995). Die notwendige Reise, Reisen und Reiseliteratur junger Autoren während des Nationalsozialismus. Stuttgart: Verlag für Wissenschaft und Forschung.
  • Griffin R. (1991). The Nature of Fascism. London: Routledge.
  • Hachtmann, R. (2014). Arbeit und Arbeitsfront: Ideologie und Praxis, (Ed.) Buggeln Marc, Wildt Michael, Arbeit im Nationalsozialismus (pp. 87-106). München: De Gruyter/Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH.
  • Jovanov, R. (2016). Recht und Wirklichkeit, Rechtserneuerung im Nationalsozialismus. (Ed.) Konitzer Werner, Palme David, Arbeit, Volk, Gemeinschaft, Ethik und Ethiken im Nationalsozialismus (pp. 151-167), New York: Campus Verlag Frankfurt.
  • Karl, M. (1995). Landwirtschaft und Ernährung im Deutschen Reich, (Ed.) Salewski Michael, Wegener- Schulze Guntram, Kriegsjahr 1944, Im Großen und Kleinen (pp. 251-266). Suttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart.
  • Linz, J. J. (2017). Totaliter ve Otoriter Rejimler (Fourth Edition), (Trans.) Ergun Özbudun, Ankara: Liberte Publication.
  • Mason, T. W. (1977). Sozialpolitik im Dritten Reich, Arbeiterklasse und Volksgemeinschaft, Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.
  • Metraux, A. (1985). Die angewandte Psychologie vor und nach 1933 in Deutschland. (Ed.) C. F. Graumann, Psychologie im Nationalsozialismus (pp. 221-262), Berlin: Springer..
  • Proctor, R. N. (2002). Blitzkrieg gegen den Krebs, Gesundheit und Propaganda im Dritten Reich, Stuttgart: Deutsche Ausgabe, Klett-Cotta.
  • Scheck, R. (2008). Germany, 1871-1945: A Concise History, Oxford & New York: Berg.
  • Schembs, K. (2014). Korporativismus, Arbeit und Propaganda im faschistischen Italien (1922–1945), (Ed.) Buggeln Marc, Wildt Michael, Arbeit im Nationalsozialismus (pp. 141-164). München: De Gruyter/Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH.
  • Semmens, K. (2005). Travel in Merry Germany: Tourism in the Third Reich, (Ed.) John Walton. K., In Histories of Tourism, Representation, Identity and Conflict (pp 144-161), Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
  • Spode, H. (1982). Arbeiterurlaub im Dritten Reich, (Ed.) Sachse Carola, Siegel Tilla, Spohn Wolfgang, Spode Hasso. Angst, Behohnung, Zucht und Ordnung. Herrschaftsmechanismen im Nationalsozialismus (pp. 275-328), Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag Gmbh, Opladen.
  • Todd, A. (2010). The European Dictatorships: Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini (8th Edition), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Toprak, Z. (2015). Darwin’den Dersim’e Cumhuriyet ve Antropoloji (Third Edition), İstanbul: Doğan Books. Zuelow, E. G. E. (2015). A History of Modern Tourism, London: Palgrave.

Nazi Almanya’sının İdeolojik Tahkiminde “Neşe Yoluyla Güç Örgütü”

Year 2021, , 127 - 136, 29.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.851644

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1933 yılında kurulan “Neşe Yoluyla Güç Örgütü (Kraft Durch Freude-KdF)”nün Nazi Almanya’sındaki rolü, konumu ve işlevi incelenmesidir. Totaliter rejimlerin hiçbir boşluk bırakmaksızın toplum hayatına müdahale etme amaçlarının sosyal ve ekonomik yapıdaki izdüşümü bağlamında Nazi Almanya’sında da KdF, faaliyetlerini sona erdirdiği yıla kadar başta tatil organizasyonları olmak üzere sosyal hayatın pek çok noktasına temas eden ve Nazi rejimini tahkim edici etkinlikler düzenlemiş, bu etkinliklerin merkezine ise nasyonal sosyalizmin ilke ve hedeflerini almıştır. Bu noktada KdF birinci olarak Hitler iktidarına ilişkin güven ve sadakatin arttırılmasında büyük rol oynamıştır. İkinci olarak Nazizm’in arî ırk yaratma projesi noktasında öjenik siyasetinin taşıcısı ve uygulama alanlarından bir tanesini teşkil etmiştir. Son olarak Nazizm’in ideolojik yapısına uygun olarak Alman toplumu arasında sosyo-ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel uyumun tesis edilmesine, bu uyum esasında kültürel üretilmesine sağlanmasına katkı sağlamıştır.

References

  • Adorno, T. W. (2005). The Culture Industry, Selected Essays in Mass Culture, London: Routledge.
  • Arendt, H. (1976). The Origins of Totalitarianism, New York & London: Harvest Book.
  • Baranowski, S. (2004). Strength Through Joy. Consumerism and Mass Tourism in the Third Reich, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Baranowski, S. (2005). Radical Nationalism in an International Context: Strength through Joy and the Paradoxes of Nazi Tourism, (Ed.) K. John Walton, In Histories of Tourism, Representation, Identity and Conflict (pp. 125-143). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
  • Bendersky, J. W. (2014). A Concise History of Nazi Germany (Fourth Edition), Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Benz, W. (2000). Geschichte des Dritten Reiches, München: C.H. Beck oHG Verlag.
  • De Grazia, V. (1981). The Culture of Consent. Mass Organisation of Leisure in Fascist Italy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Durgun, G. B. (2012). Otoriter ve Totaliter Rejimler, (Ed.) Ü. Özdağ, In 21. Yüzyılda Siyaset: Devlet ve Siyaset Yönetimi (pp. 179-208), Ankara: Kripto Publication.
  • Ehmer, J. (2004). Nationalsozialistische Bevölkerungspolitik in der neueren historischen Forschung, (Ed.) Mackensen Rainer, Bevölkerungslehre und Bevölkerungspolitik im Dritten Reich (pp. 21-44). Opladen: Leske & Budrich, Opladen.
  • Eryücel, E. (2020). Ulus İnşâ Sürecinde Öjenik Siyaset ve Irkçılık, Ankara: Liberte Publication.
  • Fulbrook, M. (2009). A History of Germany 1918-2008: The Divided Nation (Third Edition), New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Graf, J. (1995). Die notwendige Reise, Reisen und Reiseliteratur junger Autoren während des Nationalsozialismus. Stuttgart: Verlag für Wissenschaft und Forschung.
  • Griffin R. (1991). The Nature of Fascism. London: Routledge.
  • Hachtmann, R. (2014). Arbeit und Arbeitsfront: Ideologie und Praxis, (Ed.) Buggeln Marc, Wildt Michael, Arbeit im Nationalsozialismus (pp. 87-106). München: De Gruyter/Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH.
  • Jovanov, R. (2016). Recht und Wirklichkeit, Rechtserneuerung im Nationalsozialismus. (Ed.) Konitzer Werner, Palme David, Arbeit, Volk, Gemeinschaft, Ethik und Ethiken im Nationalsozialismus (pp. 151-167), New York: Campus Verlag Frankfurt.
  • Karl, M. (1995). Landwirtschaft und Ernährung im Deutschen Reich, (Ed.) Salewski Michael, Wegener- Schulze Guntram, Kriegsjahr 1944, Im Großen und Kleinen (pp. 251-266). Suttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart.
  • Linz, J. J. (2017). Totaliter ve Otoriter Rejimler (Fourth Edition), (Trans.) Ergun Özbudun, Ankara: Liberte Publication.
  • Mason, T. W. (1977). Sozialpolitik im Dritten Reich, Arbeiterklasse und Volksgemeinschaft, Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.
  • Metraux, A. (1985). Die angewandte Psychologie vor und nach 1933 in Deutschland. (Ed.) C. F. Graumann, Psychologie im Nationalsozialismus (pp. 221-262), Berlin: Springer..
  • Proctor, R. N. (2002). Blitzkrieg gegen den Krebs, Gesundheit und Propaganda im Dritten Reich, Stuttgart: Deutsche Ausgabe, Klett-Cotta.
  • Scheck, R. (2008). Germany, 1871-1945: A Concise History, Oxford & New York: Berg.
  • Schembs, K. (2014). Korporativismus, Arbeit und Propaganda im faschistischen Italien (1922–1945), (Ed.) Buggeln Marc, Wildt Michael, Arbeit im Nationalsozialismus (pp. 141-164). München: De Gruyter/Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH.
  • Semmens, K. (2005). Travel in Merry Germany: Tourism in the Third Reich, (Ed.) John Walton. K., In Histories of Tourism, Representation, Identity and Conflict (pp 144-161), Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
  • Spode, H. (1982). Arbeiterurlaub im Dritten Reich, (Ed.) Sachse Carola, Siegel Tilla, Spohn Wolfgang, Spode Hasso. Angst, Behohnung, Zucht und Ordnung. Herrschaftsmechanismen im Nationalsozialismus (pp. 275-328), Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag Gmbh, Opladen.
  • Todd, A. (2010). The European Dictatorships: Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini (8th Edition), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Toprak, Z. (2015). Darwin’den Dersim’e Cumhuriyet ve Antropoloji (Third Edition), İstanbul: Doğan Books. Zuelow, E. G. E. (2015). A History of Modern Tourism, London: Palgrave.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gökberk Yücel 0000-0002-0292-1722

Fatih Doğan 0000-0003-0185-3243

Publication Date March 29, 2021
Acceptance Date February 11, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Yücel, G., & Doğan, F. (2021). “Strength Through Joy Organization” in the Ideological Fortification of Nazi Germany. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(Toplum & Siyaset), 127-136. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.851644

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