Research Article
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The Effect of Organizational Ostracism on the Development of Cynicism in Employees

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 319 - 326, 03.02.2019
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.418868

Abstract

The
purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a meaningful
relationship between the ostracism that the employees perceive in the
organizational atmosphere and the level of cynicism they have developed and if
there is a meaningful relationship, to determine the level of influence of
organizational ostracism on cynicism and whether the perception of
organizational ostracism differs according to the demographic factors. Based on
this purpose, data was collected from a total of 272 individuals working in the
public and private sector in Ankara and Zonguldak provinces by survey. As a
result of the analyses, a significant and positive relationship was found
between organizational cynicism and perceived ostracism in the organizational
atmosphere and it was determined that 32.7% of the change in the cynicism level
of employees was explained by the change the perception of organizational
ostracism. According to simple linear regression analysis results, it was
determined that the 1-unit increase in organizational ostracism caused an
increase of 0.762 units on organizational cynicism.   

References

  • Abraham, R. (2000). Organizational Cynicism: Bases and Consequences. Generic, Social, and General, Psychology Monographs, 126(3), 269-292.
  • Akçay, V. H. (2017). Örgütlerde İş Rolü Algıları, Sinizm ve Algılanan Performans Arasındaki İlişki. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, ICMEB17 Özel Sayısı, 476-486.
  • Al-Atwi, A. A. (2017). Pragmatic Impact of Workplace Ostracism: toward A Theoretical Model. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 26(1), 35-47.
  • Ay, F. A., & Ünal, Ö. (2016). The Relationships Between Psychological Contract, Organizational Cynicism and Turnover Intention. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, 2(2), 102-112.
  • Baz, M., Kaya:, & Savaş, K. (2011). İşveren ve İş Gören İlişkileri. Uluslararası Hakemli Akademik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 72-95.
  • Brandes, P. (1997). Organiztional Cynicism: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Division of Research and Advanced Studies of the University of Cincinnati, USA.
  • Brandes, P., Dharwadkar, R., & Dean, J. W. (1999). Does Organizational Cynicism Matter? Employee and Supervisor Perspectives on Work Outcomes. Eastern Academy of Management Proceedings, 150-153.
  • Brown, M., & Cregan, C. (2008). Organizational change cynicism: The role of employee involvement. Human Resource, 47(4), 667-686.
  • Chughtai, A. A. (2008). Impact of Job Involvement on In-Role Job Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 9(2), 169-183.
  • Cursan, A., Pascual, A., & Félonneau, M. (2017). L’ostracisme. Avancées scientifiques sur la thématique d’une menace quotidienne. Bulletin de psychologie, 70(5), 383-397.
  • Çelik, C., & Koşar, A. (2015). Örgüt Kültürü Ve İşyerinde Dışlanma Arasındaki İlişki: Mersin Üniversitesi Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Uygulama. Ç. Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2), 47-62.
  • Çimen, M. (2000). Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Sağlık Personelinin Tükenmişlik, İş doyumu, Kuruma Bağlılık ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetlerine İlişkin Bir Alan Araştırması. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, T.C. Genelkurmay Başkanlığı Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akademisi, Ankara.
  • Dean, J. W., Brandes, P., & Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational Cynicism. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 341-352.
  • Eaton, J. A. (2000). A social motivation approach to organizational cynicism. York University Toronto, Ontario.
  • Estévez, A. M., & Serlin, J. (2013). Ostracismo organizacional: núcleos conceptuales para la comprensión del fenómeno. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 18(64), 567-583.
  • Fatima, T., Ilyas, M., Rehman, C. A., & Imran, M. K. (2017). Empirical Investigation of Relationship between Workplace Ostracism and Employee Silence: A Test of Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Meaningful Existence in Context of Public Sector Universities in Punjab. Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, 10(1), 111-128.
  • Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., Berry, J. W., & Lian, H. (2008). The Development and Validation of the Workplace Ostracism Scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1348-1366.
  • FitzGerald, M. R. (2002). Organizational cynicism: Its relationship to perceived organizational injustice and explanatory style. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, University of Cincinnati.
  • Goldner, F. H., Ritti, R. R., & Ference, T. P. (1997). The Production of Cynical Knowledge in Organizations. American Sociological Review, 42(4), 539-551.
  • Güzel, B., & Ayazlar, G. (2014). Örgütsel Adaletin Örgütsel Sinizm ve İsten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisi: Otel İsletmeleri Araştırması. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 16(26), 133-142.
  • Haq, I. U. (2014). Workplace ostracism and job outcomes: Moderating effects of psychological capital. Knowledge and learning international conference, 25-27 June, Portoroz, Slovenia.
  • Kalağan, G., & Güzeller, C.O. (2010). Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Sinizm Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27, 83-97.
  • Khair, Q., & Fatima, T. (2007). Interactive Effects of Workplace Ostracism and Belief in Reciprocity on Fear of Negative Evaluation. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 11(3), 908-930.
  • Khan, A. M., Sadiq, M. W., & Naqvi: M. I. H. (2015). Effect of Ostracism and General Education on Career Development under Mediation of Personality: A Study of Religious Schools in Pakistan. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(3), 582-595.
  • Leung, A. S. M., Wu, L. Z., Chen, Y. Y., & Young, M. N. (2011). The impact of Workplace Ostracism in Service Organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, (30), 836-844.
  • Liu, H., & Xia, H. (2016). Workplace Ostracism: A Review and Directions for Future Research. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, (4), 197-201.
  • Mahfooz, Z., Arshad, A., Nisar, Q. A., Ikram, M., & Azeem, M. (2017). Does Workplace Incivility & Workplace Ostracism influence the Employees’ Turnover Intentions? Mediating Role of Burnout and Job Stress & Moderating Role of psychological Capital. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(8), 398-413.
  • Mautner, T. (1997). Dictionary of Philosophy, Penguin Reference Books.
  • Nafei, W. A., & Kaifi, B. A. (2013). The Impact of Organizational Cynicism on Organizational Commitment: An Applied Study on Teaching Hospitals in Egypt. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(12), 131-147.
  • Naus, F., Iterson, A., & Roe, R. A. (2007). Value incongruence, job autonomy, and organizationbased self-esteem: A self-based perspective on organizational cynicism. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(2), 195-219.
  • Ogurlu, U. (2015). Ostracism among Gifted Adolescents: A Preliminary Study in Turkey. Educational Process: International Journal, 4(1-2), 18-30.
  • Rajchert, J., Konopka, K., & Huesmann, L. R. (2017). It is More than Thought that Counts: the Role of Readiness for Aggression in the Relationship Between Ostracism and Displaced Aggression. Current Psychology, 36(3), 417-427.
  • Robinson: L., Reilly, J. O' ve Wang, W. (2013). Invisible at Work: An Integrated Model of Workplace Ostracism. Journal of Management, 39(1), 203-231.
  • Shahzad, A., & Mahmood, Z. (2012). The Mediating - Moderating Model of Organizational Cynicism and Workplace Deviant Behavior: (Evidence from Banking Sector in Pakistan) . Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 12(5), 580-588.
  • Waldeck, D., Tyndall, L., & Chmiel, N. (2015). Resilience to Ostracism: A Qualitative Inquiry. The Qualitative Report, 20(10), 1646-1670.
  • Wanous, J. P, Reichers, A., & Austin, J. (1994). Organizational Cynicism: An Initial Study. Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, 269-273.
  • Wu, C., Liu, J., Kwong, K. H., & Lee, C. (2015). Why and when workplace ostracism inhibits organizational citizenship behaviors: an organizational identification perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(3), 362-378.
  • Yüksel, M. (2017). Otel İşletmelerinde İşyerinde Dışlama ve Sosyal Zekâ İlişkisi. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(3), 115-133.
  • Zhao, H., Peng, Z., & Sheard, G. (2013). Workplace ostracism and hospitality employees’ counterproductive work behaviors: The joint moderating effects of proactive personality and political skill. International Journal of Hospitality Management, (33), 219-227.
  • Zhao, H., Xia, Q., He, P., Sheard, G., & Wan, P. (2016). Workplace ostracism and knowledge hiding in service organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, (52), 84-94.

Örgütsel Dışlanmanın Çalışanlarda Sinizm Gelişimine Etkisi

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 319 - 326, 03.02.2019
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.418868

Abstract

Bu
araştırmanın amacı; çalışanların örgüt atmosferinde algıladığı dışlanma ile
geliştirdikleri sinizm düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığını
saptamak, eğer anlamlı bir ilişki var ise örgütsel dışlanmanın sinizm üzerinde
etki düzeyini saptamak ve örgütsel dışlanma algısının demografik faktörlere
göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemektir. Bu amaca bağlı olarak,
Ankara ve Zonguldak illerinde özel sektörde ve kamu sektöründe çalışan toplam
272 kişiden anket yöntemiyle veri elde edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analizler
sonucunda; örgüt atmosferinde algılanan dışlanma ile örgütsel sinizm arasında
pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmış, çalışanların sinizm düzeyindeki
değişimin %32,7’sini örgütsel dışlanma algısındaki değişimin açıkladığı
belirlenmiştir. Basit doğrusal regresyon analizi sonucuna göre; örgütsel
dışlanmadaki 1 birimlik artışın örgütsel sinizm üzerinde 0.762 birimlik bir
artışa neden olduğu saptanmıştır.

References

  • Abraham, R. (2000). Organizational Cynicism: Bases and Consequences. Generic, Social, and General, Psychology Monographs, 126(3), 269-292.
  • Akçay, V. H. (2017). Örgütlerde İş Rolü Algıları, Sinizm ve Algılanan Performans Arasındaki İlişki. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, ICMEB17 Özel Sayısı, 476-486.
  • Al-Atwi, A. A. (2017). Pragmatic Impact of Workplace Ostracism: toward A Theoretical Model. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 26(1), 35-47.
  • Ay, F. A., & Ünal, Ö. (2016). The Relationships Between Psychological Contract, Organizational Cynicism and Turnover Intention. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, 2(2), 102-112.
  • Baz, M., Kaya:, & Savaş, K. (2011). İşveren ve İş Gören İlişkileri. Uluslararası Hakemli Akademik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 72-95.
  • Brandes, P. (1997). Organiztional Cynicism: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Division of Research and Advanced Studies of the University of Cincinnati, USA.
  • Brandes, P., Dharwadkar, R., & Dean, J. W. (1999). Does Organizational Cynicism Matter? Employee and Supervisor Perspectives on Work Outcomes. Eastern Academy of Management Proceedings, 150-153.
  • Brown, M., & Cregan, C. (2008). Organizational change cynicism: The role of employee involvement. Human Resource, 47(4), 667-686.
  • Chughtai, A. A. (2008). Impact of Job Involvement on In-Role Job Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 9(2), 169-183.
  • Cursan, A., Pascual, A., & Félonneau, M. (2017). L’ostracisme. Avancées scientifiques sur la thématique d’une menace quotidienne. Bulletin de psychologie, 70(5), 383-397.
  • Çelik, C., & Koşar, A. (2015). Örgüt Kültürü Ve İşyerinde Dışlanma Arasındaki İlişki: Mersin Üniversitesi Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Uygulama. Ç. Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2), 47-62.
  • Çimen, M. (2000). Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Sağlık Personelinin Tükenmişlik, İş doyumu, Kuruma Bağlılık ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetlerine İlişkin Bir Alan Araştırması. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, T.C. Genelkurmay Başkanlığı Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akademisi, Ankara.
  • Dean, J. W., Brandes, P., & Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational Cynicism. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 341-352.
  • Eaton, J. A. (2000). A social motivation approach to organizational cynicism. York University Toronto, Ontario.
  • Estévez, A. M., & Serlin, J. (2013). Ostracismo organizacional: núcleos conceptuales para la comprensión del fenómeno. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 18(64), 567-583.
  • Fatima, T., Ilyas, M., Rehman, C. A., & Imran, M. K. (2017). Empirical Investigation of Relationship between Workplace Ostracism and Employee Silence: A Test of Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Meaningful Existence in Context of Public Sector Universities in Punjab. Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, 10(1), 111-128.
  • Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., Berry, J. W., & Lian, H. (2008). The Development and Validation of the Workplace Ostracism Scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1348-1366.
  • FitzGerald, M. R. (2002). Organizational cynicism: Its relationship to perceived organizational injustice and explanatory style. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, University of Cincinnati.
  • Goldner, F. H., Ritti, R. R., & Ference, T. P. (1997). The Production of Cynical Knowledge in Organizations. American Sociological Review, 42(4), 539-551.
  • Güzel, B., & Ayazlar, G. (2014). Örgütsel Adaletin Örgütsel Sinizm ve İsten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisi: Otel İsletmeleri Araştırması. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 16(26), 133-142.
  • Haq, I. U. (2014). Workplace ostracism and job outcomes: Moderating effects of psychological capital. Knowledge and learning international conference, 25-27 June, Portoroz, Slovenia.
  • Kalağan, G., & Güzeller, C.O. (2010). Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Sinizm Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27, 83-97.
  • Khair, Q., & Fatima, T. (2007). Interactive Effects of Workplace Ostracism and Belief in Reciprocity on Fear of Negative Evaluation. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 11(3), 908-930.
  • Khan, A. M., Sadiq, M. W., & Naqvi: M. I. H. (2015). Effect of Ostracism and General Education on Career Development under Mediation of Personality: A Study of Religious Schools in Pakistan. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(3), 582-595.
  • Leung, A. S. M., Wu, L. Z., Chen, Y. Y., & Young, M. N. (2011). The impact of Workplace Ostracism in Service Organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, (30), 836-844.
  • Liu, H., & Xia, H. (2016). Workplace Ostracism: A Review and Directions for Future Research. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, (4), 197-201.
  • Mahfooz, Z., Arshad, A., Nisar, Q. A., Ikram, M., & Azeem, M. (2017). Does Workplace Incivility & Workplace Ostracism influence the Employees’ Turnover Intentions? Mediating Role of Burnout and Job Stress & Moderating Role of psychological Capital. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(8), 398-413.
  • Mautner, T. (1997). Dictionary of Philosophy, Penguin Reference Books.
  • Nafei, W. A., & Kaifi, B. A. (2013). The Impact of Organizational Cynicism on Organizational Commitment: An Applied Study on Teaching Hospitals in Egypt. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(12), 131-147.
  • Naus, F., Iterson, A., & Roe, R. A. (2007). Value incongruence, job autonomy, and organizationbased self-esteem: A self-based perspective on organizational cynicism. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(2), 195-219.
  • Ogurlu, U. (2015). Ostracism among Gifted Adolescents: A Preliminary Study in Turkey. Educational Process: International Journal, 4(1-2), 18-30.
  • Rajchert, J., Konopka, K., & Huesmann, L. R. (2017). It is More than Thought that Counts: the Role of Readiness for Aggression in the Relationship Between Ostracism and Displaced Aggression. Current Psychology, 36(3), 417-427.
  • Robinson: L., Reilly, J. O' ve Wang, W. (2013). Invisible at Work: An Integrated Model of Workplace Ostracism. Journal of Management, 39(1), 203-231.
  • Shahzad, A., & Mahmood, Z. (2012). The Mediating - Moderating Model of Organizational Cynicism and Workplace Deviant Behavior: (Evidence from Banking Sector in Pakistan) . Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 12(5), 580-588.
  • Waldeck, D., Tyndall, L., & Chmiel, N. (2015). Resilience to Ostracism: A Qualitative Inquiry. The Qualitative Report, 20(10), 1646-1670.
  • Wanous, J. P, Reichers, A., & Austin, J. (1994). Organizational Cynicism: An Initial Study. Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, 269-273.
  • Wu, C., Liu, J., Kwong, K. H., & Lee, C. (2015). Why and when workplace ostracism inhibits organizational citizenship behaviors: an organizational identification perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(3), 362-378.
  • Yüksel, M. (2017). Otel İşletmelerinde İşyerinde Dışlama ve Sosyal Zekâ İlişkisi. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(3), 115-133.
  • Zhao, H., Peng, Z., & Sheard, G. (2013). Workplace ostracism and hospitality employees’ counterproductive work behaviors: The joint moderating effects of proactive personality and political skill. International Journal of Hospitality Management, (33), 219-227.
  • Zhao, H., Xia, Q., He, P., Sheard, G., & Wan, P. (2016). Workplace ostracism and knowledge hiding in service organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, (52), 84-94.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hasan Tezcan Uysal 0000-0002-8962-7824

Publication Date February 3, 2019
Acceptance Date August 7, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Uysal, H. T. (2019). Örgütsel Dışlanmanın Çalışanlarda Sinizm Gelişimine Etkisi. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 319-326. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.418868

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