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Hofstede’in Kültürel Boyutlarının İş Tatmini Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye’deki Afrikalı Çalışanlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: Afrika, 180 - 203, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1345246

Abstract

Bu makale, Hofstede'nin kültürel boyutlarının Türkiye'de çalışan Afrikalı gurbetçilerin iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktadır. Çalışma özellikle Hoşgörü-Kısıtlama, Bireycilik-Toplulukçuluk, Belirsizlikten Kaçınma, Erkeklik-Kadınlık, Güç Mesafesi ve Uzun-Kısa vade yönelimi boyutlarına odaklanmaktadır. Gana, Nijerya, Güney Afrika ve Etiyopya'da yasal olarak çalışan Afrikalı çalışanlara uygulanan anket aracılığıyla toplanan verilerin analizi hiyerarşik regresyon modeli kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, beş boyutun tamamının (Hoşgörü-Kısıtlama, Bireysellik-Toplulukçuluk, Belirsizlikten Kaçınma, Erkeklik-Kadınlık ve Güç Mesafesi) iş tatmini ile anlamlı bir ilişki sergilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuçlar bu boyutların iş tatmini üzerinde farklı derecelerde etkisi olduğu göstermektedir; bu da kültürel faktörlerin Türkiye'deki Afrikalı gurbetçilerin genel iş tatmini düzeylerini önemli ölçüde etkilediğini ifade etmektedir. Ancak katılımcılar arasında Uzun-Kısa dönem yönelimi ile iş tatmini arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulgulanamamıştır. Bu özel boyutun, ankete katılan Afrikalı gurbetçiler arasında iş memnuniyetini etkilemede önemli bir rol oynamayabileceği anlamına gelmektedir. Bulgular, özellikle Türkiye'deki Afrikalı gurbetçiler bağlamında, kültürel boyutlar ile iş tatmininin kesişimine ilişkin mevcut bilgi birikimine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Sonuçlar, farklı kültürel kökenden gelen bireyler arasındaki iş tatmini düzeylerini incelerken kültürel faktörlerin anlaşılmasının ve dikkate alınmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır.

References

  • Adams, T. (2008). Impact of Prayer on the Relationship between Supervisory Support and Employee’s Perception of Workplace Equity. Emerging leadership journeys, Vol. 1 Iss. 2, 2008, pp. 3-13.
  • Aldefer, C. P. (1969). An Empirical Test of a New Theory of Human Needs. Organisational Behaviour and human performance, 142-175.
  • Alvarado, E. (2017, March 2). LinkedIn. Retrieved from LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/p ulse/collectivist-vs-individualist-cultures-eddy-alvarado-capm-itil-/
  • Demir, C., A. P. (2007). Relationship Between Employee Turnover And The Location Of Hotels: The Case Of Kuşadasi And Izmir In Turkey. Journal Of Yasar University, 2(5), 477-487.
  • Bakanlığı, T. Ç. (2021, December 4). TC Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı. Retrieved from TC Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı: https://www.csgb.gov.tr/haberler/bakan-selcuk-yurtici-yabanci-calisma-izin-basvurularini-sonuclandirmaya-basladik/#
  • Bradley L. Kirkman, D. L. (2001). The Impact of Cultural Values on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Self-Managing Work Teams: The Mediating Role of Employee Resistance. The Academy of Management Journal, pp. 557-569.
  • Cai Jie, L. J. (2015). An Emperical study on different tendencies towards Indulgence-Restraint Dimension from the Intercultural Perspective-In the case of Guangdong Province. Scientific Research Publishing, 118.
  • Charles Rarick, G. W. (2013). An Investigation of Ugandan Cultural Values and Implications for Managerial Behavior. Global Journal of Management and Business Research Administration and Management, Volume 13 Issue 9 Version 1.0.
  • Geert Hofstede, G. J. (2010). Cultures and Organisations software of the mind. In G. J. Geert Hofstede, Cultures and Organisations software of the mind (p. 8). New York: McGrawHill.
  • Geert Hofstede, G. J. (2010). Cultures and Organnizations Software Of The Mind Intercultural Cooperation and Its Importance for Survival. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Göregenli, M. (1997). Individualist-Collectivist Tendencies in a Turkish Sample. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology DOI: 10.1177/0022022197286009, 28: 787.
  • Guglielmo Faldetta, V. F. (2013). Turnover in the hospitality industry: can reciprocity solve the problem? Pasos. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 11(4):583-595.
  • Hall, E. T. (1959). The Silent Language. New York.
  • Hampden-Turner, F. T. (1998). Riding the wages of culture. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing Limited.
  • Harry C., T. (1989). The Self and Social Behavior in Differing Cultural Contexts. Psychological Review Vol. 96, No. 3,506-520 .
  • Heocklin, L. (1994). Managing cultural differences: Strategies for competitive advantage. USA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. Inc, 3.
  • Herzberg, F. (1959). The Motivation to Work. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings inPsychology and Culture,Unit 2. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.gvsu. edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8, 3.
  • Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology.
  • Hoppock, R. (1935). Job satisfaction. New York and London: Harper and Brothers.
  • House, R. J. (1990). Beedie School of Business. Retrieved from Globe 2020: https://globe.bus.sfu.ca/ foundation#:~:text=Robert%20J.,-House&text=House%20was% 20one%20of%20the,the%20course%20of%20the%20investigation.
  • I. Brown, A. F. (2006). The Role of Uncertainty Avoidance and Trust in Online Shopping Adoption. 8th Annual Conference on WWW Applications ZA, (p. 10). South Africa.
  • Irene K H. Chew, J. P. (1995). Relationship on Work-Related Values of Singaporean and Japanese Managers in Singapore. Human Relations , 48(10), 1149–1170 doi:10.1177/001872679504801003.
  • Jacob Eskildsen, K. K. (2010). The relationship between job satisfaction and national culture. emerald insight, 376.
  • Jacob Eskildsen, K. K. (2010). The relationship between job satisfaction and national culture. The TQM Journal, Vol. 22 No. 4, pp. 369-378.
  • John P.Meyer, N. J. (1991 ). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, Pages 61-89.
  • Jong, P. F. (1999). Hierarchical Regression Analysis in Structural Equation Modeling. In P. F. Jong, Structural Equation Modeling (pp. 6(2), 198-211). Vrije Universiteit: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Joseph A. Gliem, R. R. (2003). Calculating, Interpreting, and Reporting Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Likert-Type Scales. 2003 Midwest Research to Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.
  • K.T.Beyene, C. S. (2016). Linking Culture, Organizational Learning Orientation And Product Innovation Performnace: The Case Of Ethiopian Manufacturing Firms. South African Journal Of Industrial Engineering, Pp 88-101n Vol 27(1).
  • Katzell, R. A. (1980). Work Attitudes., Motivation, and Performance. Professional Psychology, 11(3), 409–420. Learn, F. (n.d.). Future Learn. Retrieved from Future Learn: https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/lead-culturally-diverse-workplaces/0/steps/210207
  • Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and consequence of job satisfaction, in Dunette, M.D. (Ed). In E. A. Locke, Handbook of Industrial and Organisation Psychology (pp. pp 1297- 349). Chicago: Rand-McNally.
  • Malo, B. (2015). Organisational culture and job satisfaction among academic professionals at a South African University of Technology. Central University Of Technology, Free State, 4-5.
  • Melton, C. (2014, April 17). The Culture of South Africa. Retrieved from Maryville College Global Affairs: http://mcglobalaffairs.org/the-culture-of-south-africa/
  • Mensah, A. O. (2016). Reltionships among socio-cultural values, work-family conflicts and attitudes: A study of bank managers in Ghana. (Unpublish master's thesis) University of Ghana, ACCRA. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Relationships-among-Socio-Cultural-Values%2C-Conflict-Mensah/22578e30b10a289b742c1d9df60402727f0dda7b.
  • Michael Clugston, J. P. (2000). Does Cultural Socialization Predict Multiple Bases and Foci of Commitment? Journal of Management, https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600106.
  • Morden, T. (1995). National culture and the culture of the organization. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal,, Vol. 2 Iss 2 pp. 3 - 12.
  • Oelofse, E. (2007). University of Pretoria etd. South Africa.
  • Oppong, N. Y. (2013). Towards African Work Orientations: Guide from Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions. European Journal of Business and Management, Vol.5, No.20, .
  • Oppong, N. Y. (2013). Towards African Work Orientations: Guide from Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions. European Journal of Business and Managment, Vol.5, No.20, .
  • Patricia Cohen, J. C. (1983). Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Edition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Incorporated; Second Edition.
  • Pinxteren, B. V. (2017). Cultural Autonomy and Cultural Dimensions in Africa– as evidenced from the Afrobarometer Survey. African Studies Centre / Leiden University Centre for Linguistics.
  • Richter, T. (2016). A conceptual Culture Model for Design Science Research. Researchgate, 5.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2012). An Overview of the Schwartz Theory of Basic Values. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1116.
  • Sengun Yeniyurt Janell D. Townsend. (2003). Does culture explain acceptance of new products in a country? International Marketing Review, 378.
  • Stephen Bochner, B. H. (1994). Power Distance, Individualism/Collectivism, and Job-Related Attitudes in a Culturally Diverse Work Group. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology DOI: 10.1177/0022022194252005, 25: 233.
  • Traquand, L. (2016). The three classic schools for intercultural management.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1989). The Self and Social Behavior in Differing Cultural Contexts. Psychological Review.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism & collectivism. Westview Press.
  • Vansina, J. (1992). A Past for the Future? 2.
  • Verma, S. (2014, November 27). slidesshare. Retrieved from slidesshare: https://www.slideshare.net/shivangisv/fundamentals-of-culture#:~:text=Culture%20Definition%2D%20%EF%82%96%20%EF%82%99%20Culture,in%20the%20course%20of%20generations
  • Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and Motivation. New York : John Wiley and Sons.
  • Wabia, C. (2020). Fundamentals of culture research. In: The Cultural Influence on Mass Customization. In C. Wabia, Fundamentals of culture research. In: The Cultural Influence on Mass Customization. (pp. 43-57). Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden.
  • Wiener, Y. (1982). Commitment in Organizations: A Normative View. Academy of Management, pp. 418-428 (11 pages).
  • Xiumei, S., & Jinying, W. (2011). Interpreting Hofstede Model and GLOBE Model: Which Way to Go for Cross-Cultural Research? International Journal of Business and Management.

The Influence of Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions on Job Satisfaction: A Study of African Expatriates in Turkey

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: Afrika, 180 - 203, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1345246

Abstract

This article investigates the influence of Hofstede's six cultural dimensions on job satisfaction among African expatriates working in Turkey. The study specifically focuses on the dimensions of Indulgence-Restraint, Individualism-Collectivism, Uncertainty Avoidance, Masculinity-Femininity, Power Distance, and Long-Short term orientation. A hierarchical regression model was employed to analyse the data collected through a survey questionnaire administered to legally employed African individuals from Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, and Ethiopia. Results revealed that all five dimensions—Indulgence-Restraint, Individualism-Collectivism, Uncertainty Avoidance, Masculinity-Femininity, and Power Distance—displayed a significant relationship with job satisfaction. These dimensions exerted varying degrees of influence on job satisfaction, suggesting that cultural factors significantly influence the overall job satisfaction levels of African expatriates in Turkey. However, it is worth noting that no significant relationship was found between Long-Short term orientation and job satisfaction among the participants. This implies that this particular dimension may not play a prominent role in influencing job satisfaction among the surveyed African expatriates. The findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the intersection of cultural dimensions and job satisfaction, specifically within the context of African expatriates in Turkey. The results highlight the importance of understanding and considering cultural factors when examining job satisfaction levels among individuals from different cultural backgrounds.

References

  • Adams, T. (2008). Impact of Prayer on the Relationship between Supervisory Support and Employee’s Perception of Workplace Equity. Emerging leadership journeys, Vol. 1 Iss. 2, 2008, pp. 3-13.
  • Aldefer, C. P. (1969). An Empirical Test of a New Theory of Human Needs. Organisational Behaviour and human performance, 142-175.
  • Alvarado, E. (2017, March 2). LinkedIn. Retrieved from LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/p ulse/collectivist-vs-individualist-cultures-eddy-alvarado-capm-itil-/
  • Demir, C., A. P. (2007). Relationship Between Employee Turnover And The Location Of Hotels: The Case Of Kuşadasi And Izmir In Turkey. Journal Of Yasar University, 2(5), 477-487.
  • Bakanlığı, T. Ç. (2021, December 4). TC Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı. Retrieved from TC Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı: https://www.csgb.gov.tr/haberler/bakan-selcuk-yurtici-yabanci-calisma-izin-basvurularini-sonuclandirmaya-basladik/#
  • Bradley L. Kirkman, D. L. (2001). The Impact of Cultural Values on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Self-Managing Work Teams: The Mediating Role of Employee Resistance. The Academy of Management Journal, pp. 557-569.
  • Cai Jie, L. J. (2015). An Emperical study on different tendencies towards Indulgence-Restraint Dimension from the Intercultural Perspective-In the case of Guangdong Province. Scientific Research Publishing, 118.
  • Charles Rarick, G. W. (2013). An Investigation of Ugandan Cultural Values and Implications for Managerial Behavior. Global Journal of Management and Business Research Administration and Management, Volume 13 Issue 9 Version 1.0.
  • Geert Hofstede, G. J. (2010). Cultures and Organisations software of the mind. In G. J. Geert Hofstede, Cultures and Organisations software of the mind (p. 8). New York: McGrawHill.
  • Geert Hofstede, G. J. (2010). Cultures and Organnizations Software Of The Mind Intercultural Cooperation and Its Importance for Survival. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Göregenli, M. (1997). Individualist-Collectivist Tendencies in a Turkish Sample. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology DOI: 10.1177/0022022197286009, 28: 787.
  • Guglielmo Faldetta, V. F. (2013). Turnover in the hospitality industry: can reciprocity solve the problem? Pasos. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 11(4):583-595.
  • Hall, E. T. (1959). The Silent Language. New York.
  • Hampden-Turner, F. T. (1998). Riding the wages of culture. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing Limited.
  • Harry C., T. (1989). The Self and Social Behavior in Differing Cultural Contexts. Psychological Review Vol. 96, No. 3,506-520 .
  • Heocklin, L. (1994). Managing cultural differences: Strategies for competitive advantage. USA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. Inc, 3.
  • Herzberg, F. (1959). The Motivation to Work. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings inPsychology and Culture,Unit 2. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.gvsu. edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8, 3.
  • Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology.
  • Hoppock, R. (1935). Job satisfaction. New York and London: Harper and Brothers.
  • House, R. J. (1990). Beedie School of Business. Retrieved from Globe 2020: https://globe.bus.sfu.ca/ foundation#:~:text=Robert%20J.,-House&text=House%20was% 20one%20of%20the,the%20course%20of%20the%20investigation.
  • I. Brown, A. F. (2006). The Role of Uncertainty Avoidance and Trust in Online Shopping Adoption. 8th Annual Conference on WWW Applications ZA, (p. 10). South Africa.
  • Irene K H. Chew, J. P. (1995). Relationship on Work-Related Values of Singaporean and Japanese Managers in Singapore. Human Relations , 48(10), 1149–1170 doi:10.1177/001872679504801003.
  • Jacob Eskildsen, K. K. (2010). The relationship between job satisfaction and national culture. emerald insight, 376.
  • Jacob Eskildsen, K. K. (2010). The relationship between job satisfaction and national culture. The TQM Journal, Vol. 22 No. 4, pp. 369-378.
  • John P.Meyer, N. J. (1991 ). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, Pages 61-89.
  • Jong, P. F. (1999). Hierarchical Regression Analysis in Structural Equation Modeling. In P. F. Jong, Structural Equation Modeling (pp. 6(2), 198-211). Vrije Universiteit: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Joseph A. Gliem, R. R. (2003). Calculating, Interpreting, and Reporting Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Likert-Type Scales. 2003 Midwest Research to Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.
  • K.T.Beyene, C. S. (2016). Linking Culture, Organizational Learning Orientation And Product Innovation Performnace: The Case Of Ethiopian Manufacturing Firms. South African Journal Of Industrial Engineering, Pp 88-101n Vol 27(1).
  • Katzell, R. A. (1980). Work Attitudes., Motivation, and Performance. Professional Psychology, 11(3), 409–420. Learn, F. (n.d.). Future Learn. Retrieved from Future Learn: https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/lead-culturally-diverse-workplaces/0/steps/210207
  • Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and consequence of job satisfaction, in Dunette, M.D. (Ed). In E. A. Locke, Handbook of Industrial and Organisation Psychology (pp. pp 1297- 349). Chicago: Rand-McNally.
  • Malo, B. (2015). Organisational culture and job satisfaction among academic professionals at a South African University of Technology. Central University Of Technology, Free State, 4-5.
  • Melton, C. (2014, April 17). The Culture of South Africa. Retrieved from Maryville College Global Affairs: http://mcglobalaffairs.org/the-culture-of-south-africa/
  • Mensah, A. O. (2016). Reltionships among socio-cultural values, work-family conflicts and attitudes: A study of bank managers in Ghana. (Unpublish master's thesis) University of Ghana, ACCRA. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Relationships-among-Socio-Cultural-Values%2C-Conflict-Mensah/22578e30b10a289b742c1d9df60402727f0dda7b.
  • Michael Clugston, J. P. (2000). Does Cultural Socialization Predict Multiple Bases and Foci of Commitment? Journal of Management, https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600106.
  • Morden, T. (1995). National culture and the culture of the organization. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal,, Vol. 2 Iss 2 pp. 3 - 12.
  • Oelofse, E. (2007). University of Pretoria etd. South Africa.
  • Oppong, N. Y. (2013). Towards African Work Orientations: Guide from Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions. European Journal of Business and Management, Vol.5, No.20, .
  • Oppong, N. Y. (2013). Towards African Work Orientations: Guide from Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions. European Journal of Business and Managment, Vol.5, No.20, .
  • Patricia Cohen, J. C. (1983). Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Edition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Incorporated; Second Edition.
  • Pinxteren, B. V. (2017). Cultural Autonomy and Cultural Dimensions in Africa– as evidenced from the Afrobarometer Survey. African Studies Centre / Leiden University Centre for Linguistics.
  • Richter, T. (2016). A conceptual Culture Model for Design Science Research. Researchgate, 5.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2012). An Overview of the Schwartz Theory of Basic Values. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1116.
  • Sengun Yeniyurt Janell D. Townsend. (2003). Does culture explain acceptance of new products in a country? International Marketing Review, 378.
  • Stephen Bochner, B. H. (1994). Power Distance, Individualism/Collectivism, and Job-Related Attitudes in a Culturally Diverse Work Group. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology DOI: 10.1177/0022022194252005, 25: 233.
  • Traquand, L. (2016). The three classic schools for intercultural management.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1989). The Self and Social Behavior in Differing Cultural Contexts. Psychological Review.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism & collectivism. Westview Press.
  • Vansina, J. (1992). A Past for the Future? 2.
  • Verma, S. (2014, November 27). slidesshare. Retrieved from slidesshare: https://www.slideshare.net/shivangisv/fundamentals-of-culture#:~:text=Culture%20Definition%2D%20%EF%82%96%20%EF%82%99%20Culture,in%20the%20course%20of%20generations
  • Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and Motivation. New York : John Wiley and Sons.
  • Wabia, C. (2020). Fundamentals of culture research. In: The Cultural Influence on Mass Customization. In C. Wabia, Fundamentals of culture research. In: The Cultural Influence on Mass Customization. (pp. 43-57). Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden.
  • Wiener, Y. (1982). Commitment in Organizations: A Normative View. Academy of Management, pp. 418-428 (11 pages).
  • Xiumei, S., & Jinying, W. (2011). Interpreting Hofstede Model and GLOBE Model: Which Way to Go for Cross-Cultural Research? International Journal of Business and Management.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Intercultural Labor Management
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Samuel Amanor 0009-0006-5731-3130

Hatice Gökçe Demirel 0000-0003-0101-7747

Early Pub Date September 29, 2023
Publication Date September 30, 2023
Acceptance Date September 13, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: Afrika

Cite

APA Amanor, S., & Demirel, H. G. (2023). The Influence of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions on Job Satisfaction: A Study of African Expatriates in Turkey. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(Afrika), 180-203. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1345246

Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.