Comparison of Different Lateral Depths and Irrigation Scenarios for Optimal Sorghum Cultivation using HYDRUS-2D

Begüm Polat; Dursun Büyüktaş; Jiří šimůnek

doi:10.15832/ankutbd.1844333

Comparison of Different Lateral Depths and Irrigation Scenarios for Optimal Sorghum Cultivation using HYDRUS-2D

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the HYDRUS-2D model’s ability to simulate soil water content in the soil profile under sweet sorghum with drip irrigation at different lateral depths and irrigation levels. It also aims to determine the optimal lateral depth by numerically evaluating various depth scenarios. The study was carried out in Antalya, Turkey, in 2020 and 2021, using a randomized block design with three replications. Three irrigation levels, 33% (S33), 66% (S66), and 100% (S100) of reference evapotranspiration, were applied when cumulative ET₀ reached 25 ± 5 mm. Two lateral depths, 25 cm (D25) and 50 cm (D50), were used. Soil water contents measured at 20, 40, and 60 cm were used in both the calibration and validation phases. To examine the effect of lateral depth on soil water variations, five additional scenarios (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 cm) were modeled using the same inputs. During the calibration phase, R² values ranged from 0.90 to 0.99, the root mean square errors (RMSEs) from 0.01 to 0.03 cm3 cm-3, and the mean absolute errors (MAEs) from 0.01 to 0.06 cm3 cm-3 at the three depths. It was concluded that the model provided the most consistent and reliable water content predictions at a soil depth of 40 cm. In contrast, no trend was observed during the validation phase, suggesting that the model's prediction accuracy varied with different soil depths. Additionally, model simulations indicated that a 30 cm lateral depth was the most suitable among the evaluated scenarios; however, this result is subject to the assumptions and constraints of the HYDRUS-2D modeling framework, in which only lateral depth was varied while other conditions were held constant.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Agricultural Water Management

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Begüm Polat ^*
0000-0001-6493-4118
Türkiye

Dursun Büyüktaş
0000-0002-9130-9112
Türkiye

Jiří šimůnek
0000-0002-0166-6563
United States

Publication Date

October 12, 2026

Submission Date

December 18, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 30, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 32 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1844333

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA43GW27AW

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Polat, B., Büyüktaş, D., & šimůnek, J. (2026). Comparison of Different Lateral Depths and Irrigation Scenarios for Optimal Sorghum Cultivation using HYDRUS-2D. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(4), 856-871. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1844333

AMA

1.Polat B, Büyüktaş D, šimůnek J. Comparison of Different Lateral Depths and Irrigation Scenarios for Optimal Sorghum Cultivation using HYDRUS-2D. J Agr Sci-Tarim Bili. 2026;32(4):856-871. doi:10.15832/ankutbd.1844333

Chicago

Polat, Begüm, Dursun Büyüktaş, and Jiří šimůnek. 2026. “Comparison of Different Lateral Depths and Irrigation Scenarios for Optimal Sorghum Cultivation Using HYDRUS-2D”. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 32 (4): 856-71. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1844333.

EndNote

Polat B, Büyüktaş D, šimůnek J (October 1, 2026) Comparison of Different Lateral Depths and Irrigation Scenarios for Optimal Sorghum Cultivation using HYDRUS-2D. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 32 4 856–871.

IEEE

[1]B. Polat, D. Büyüktaş, and J. šimůnek, “Comparison of Different Lateral Depths and Irrigation Scenarios for Optimal Sorghum Cultivation using HYDRUS-2D”, J Agr Sci-Tarim Bili, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 856–871, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.15832/ankutbd.1844333.

ISNAD

Polat, Begüm - Büyüktaş, Dursun - šimůnek, Jiří. “Comparison of Different Lateral Depths and Irrigation Scenarios for Optimal Sorghum Cultivation Using HYDRUS-2D”. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 32/4 (October 1, 2026): 856-871. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1844333.

JAMA

1.Polat B, Büyüktaş D, šimůnek J. Comparison of Different Lateral Depths and Irrigation Scenarios for Optimal Sorghum Cultivation using HYDRUS-2D. J Agr Sci-Tarim Bili. 2026;32:856–871.

MLA

Polat, Begüm, et al. “Comparison of Different Lateral Depths and Irrigation Scenarios for Optimal Sorghum Cultivation Using HYDRUS-2D”. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 32, no. 4, Oct. 2026, pp. 856-71, doi:10.15832/ankutbd.1844333.

Vancouver

1.Begüm Polat, Dursun Büyüktaş, Jiří šimůnek. Comparison of Different Lateral Depths and Irrigation Scenarios for Optimal Sorghum Cultivation using HYDRUS-2D. J Agr Sci-Tarim Bili. 2026 Oct. 1;32(4):856-71. doi:10.15832/ankutbd.1844333