Autonomous Robotic Systems in Agriculture 5.0: A Review on Technical Architecture, Operational Applications, and Future Perspectives

Mehmet Metin Özgüven

doi:10.15832/ankutbd.1957708

Autonomous Robotic Systems in Agriculture 5.0: A Review on Technical Architecture, Operational Applications, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

This comprehensive narrative review examines the current state and future development perspectives of autonomous robotic systems within the scope of the Agriculture 5.0 paradigm, which aims for sustainable and efficient agricultural production. In this paper, the cognitive and physical structure of robotic systems is addressed through the "Eye-Brain-Foot Hand" hierarchy, and the role of next-generation Vision-Language Action (VLA) models, such as RT-2 and OpenVLA, in contextual agronomic decision-making processes is analyzed. Within the scope of field applications, the SAM2-based SPAF framework, which offers 95.54% harvesting success rate in tomatoes, and spot-spraying technologies that reduce chemical input volume by 90% are evaluated using quantitative data. Furthermore, the synergy between heterogeneous UAV-UGV fleets, trust-building through Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), and emerging advanced technological approaches such as Quantum Reinforcement Learning (QRL) are assessed. The results demonstrate that autonomous agriculture is not merely a tool to enhance technical efficiency, but is transforming into a cyber-physical production ecosystem where ethical responsibility, data sovereignty, and environmental sustainability converge.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

“The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest to disclose.”

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Intelligent Robotics, Precision Agriculture Technologies

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Mehmet Metin Özgüven ^*
0000-0002-6421-4804
Türkiye

Publication Date

October 12, 2026

Submission Date

May 23, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 23, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 32 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1957708

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA95AS76NT

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Özgüven, M. M. (2026). Autonomous Robotic Systems in Agriculture 5.0: A Review on Technical Architecture, Operational Applications, and Future Perspectives. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(4), 823-844. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1957708

AMA

1.Özgüven MM. Autonomous Robotic Systems in Agriculture 5.0: A Review on Technical Architecture, Operational Applications, and Future Perspectives. J Agr Sci-Tarim Bili. 2026;32(4):823-844. doi:10.15832/ankutbd.1957708

Chicago

Özgüven, Mehmet Metin. 2026. “Autonomous Robotic Systems in Agriculture 5.0: A Review on Technical Architecture, Operational Applications, and Future Perspectives”. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 32 (4): 823-44. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1957708.

EndNote

Özgüven MM (October 1, 2026) Autonomous Robotic Systems in Agriculture 5.0: A Review on Technical Architecture, Operational Applications, and Future Perspectives. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 32 4 823–844.

IEEE

[1]M. M. Özgüven, “Autonomous Robotic Systems in Agriculture 5.0: A Review on Technical Architecture, Operational Applications, and Future Perspectives”, J Agr Sci-Tarim Bili, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 823–844, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.15832/ankutbd.1957708.

ISNAD

Özgüven, Mehmet Metin. “Autonomous Robotic Systems in Agriculture 5.0: A Review on Technical Architecture, Operational Applications, and Future Perspectives”. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 32/4 (October 1, 2026): 823-844. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1957708.

JAMA

1.Özgüven MM. Autonomous Robotic Systems in Agriculture 5.0: A Review on Technical Architecture, Operational Applications, and Future Perspectives. J Agr Sci-Tarim Bili. 2026;32:823–844.

MLA

Özgüven, Mehmet Metin. “Autonomous Robotic Systems in Agriculture 5.0: A Review on Technical Architecture, Operational Applications, and Future Perspectives”. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 32, no. 4, Oct. 2026, pp. 823-44, doi:10.15832/ankutbd.1957708.

Vancouver

1.Mehmet Metin Özgüven. Autonomous Robotic Systems in Agriculture 5.0: A Review on Technical Architecture, Operational Applications, and Future Perspectives. J Agr Sci-Tarim Bili. 2026 Oct. 1;32(4):823-44. doi:10.15832/ankutbd.1957708