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Abstract

In this study a soil sequence was investigated on North and South facing slopes with respect to elemental balances (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Si, Al, and Fe) and the occurrence and abundance of clay minerals. Elemental losses were derived from mass balance calculations that are based on enrichment/depletion factor by taking the immobile element content (titanium, Ti) as reference and using some weathering indices such as Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), bases/RO ratio, Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA), and Product Index (P). According to the indices used for the interpretation of the degree of weathering in parent materialin 4 profiles were found to be low in accordance to the age of the geological parent material. Higher values of the mass balance functions and mass loss/gain budget in profiles situating in southern part of the hill have indicated the importance of stending in the degree of weathering. The intensity and abundance of K-feldspar and quartz was higher in northern hill sites and this indicated that the weathering processes may considerably change in short distances. Smectites and interlayered smectites-illite clay minerals were observed in southern hill whereas the soils of northern hill consisted of illite, kaolinite, and smectites in descending order. It can be concluded that the differences in concentration of major element in a profile and clay mineralogy in short rages may quantify the effect of topolithosequence.

Keywords

• Weathering index; Mass transport function; Mass balance; Clay mineralogy; Çünür hill, Andesite/trachyandesite

Yarı Kurak Şartlarda Volkanik Materyal Üzerinde Oluşan Toprakların Ayrışma Oranları ve Kil Mineralojisine Kuzey ve Güney Bakının Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada kuzey ve güney yönlü bakıya sahip iki farklı topoğrafyada oluşan topraklar element kayıpları ve kil mineralleri oluşumları irdelenerek araştırılmıştır. Element kayıpları Ti gibi immobil elementlerin zenginleşmesi ve kayıplarına dayanan kütle dengesi hesaplamaları ve Kimyasal alterasyon indeksi (CIA), Kimyasal ayrışma indeksi (CIW), Bazlar/R2O3 oranı, Plajiyoklas alterasyon indeksi (PIA), Product Indeks (P) gibi ayrışma indisleri kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Parçalanma ayrışma ortamının yorumlanmasında kullanılan indislere göre çalışma alanı profilleri jeolojik ana materyalin yaşına uyumlu olarak düşük bulunmuş. Kütle taşınım fonksiyon değerleri ve kütle kayıp kazançları, güney yamaçta açılan profillerde kuzey yamaç profillerine göre daha fazla kayıp ile birlikte bakının önemli olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Profillerde yapılan X-ray çekimlerinde kuzey yamaç kısmındaki toz örneklerde K-Feldispat ve Kuvars miktarının güney yamaç profillerine göre yüksek olduğu parçalanma ayrışmanın bakı etkisi ile daha ileri düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Kil tiplerini belirlemeye yönelik çalışmada güney yamaçta yoğun smektit ve smektit-illit ara tabakalı kil mineralleri söz konusu iken, kuzey yamaç kesimlerinde bolluk sırasına göre illit, kaolinit ve smektitin varlığı tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Ayrışma indeksi, Kütle taşınım fonksiyonu, Kütle kayıp/kazançları, Kil mineralojisi, Çünür tepesi, Andezit/trakiandezit

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