Bazı Baklagil Yem Bitkisi Türlerinin Verim ve Besin Özellikleri Üzerine Tuzlu ve Tuzsuz Toprak Koşullarının Etkisi

Abstract

Tuzluluk özellikle kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde tarımsal verimlilik ve sürdürülebilirliği kısıtlayan önemli çevresel stres faktörlerinden birisidir. Tuzlu toprakların değerlendirilmesinde tuza toleranslı ya da tuza dayanıklı bitkilerin yetiştirilmesi son zamanlarda oldukça yaygın uygulamalardandır. Bu çalışmada amaç, çok aşırı tuzlu 9.80 EC dS m-1 ve tuzsuz 0.43 EC dS m-1 toprak koşullarında yetiştirilen yonca Medicago sativa L. , korunga Onobrychis sativa Lam. ve sarıçiçekli gazalboynuzu Lotus corniculatus L. türlerinin bazı verim ve besin özelliklerini karşılaştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, 2011-2013 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin Doğusunda yer alan Iğdır Ovasında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak bu araştırma yürütülmüştür. Bitkiler 2011 yılında sulu şartlarda ekilmiş ve ekim yılı da dahil 3 yıl boyunca veri alınmıştır. Araştırmada yaprak alan indeksi YAI , ham protein HP , yaş ot ve kuru ot verimleri, tür x toprak tipi x yıl interaksiyonu açısından önemli bir şekilde farklılık göstermiştir P

Keywords

• Besin değeri
• Yem verimi
• Halomorfik topraklar
• Tuzluluk
• Yaprak alan indeksi

The Effect of Saline and Non-Saline Soil Conditions on Yield and Nutritional Characteristics of Some Perennial Legumes Forages

Abstract

Salinity is one of the important environmental stress factors restricting agricultural productivity and sustainability, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In the evaluation of saline soils, growing of salt tolerant or resistant plants is recently a widespread implementation. The aim of this study was to compare some yield and nutritional properties of alfalfa Medicago sativa L. , sainfoin Onobrychis sativa Lam. and bird’s foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus L. species cultivated in extreme saline-soil 9.80 EC dS m-1 and non-saline soil 0.43 EC dS m-1 conditions. For this purpose, this research was conducted in randomized blocks design with three replications on the Iğdır Plain, located in eastern Turkey, between the years of 2011-2013. Plants were sown under irrigable conditions in 2011, and data were obtained from the examined plants during three years including the year of sowing. In the study, leaf area index LAI , crude protein CP , fresh hay and hay yields differed significantly P

Keywords

• Feed value
• Forage yield
• Halomorphic soils
• Salinity
• Leaf area index

References

1. Açıkgöz E (1991). Yem Bitkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Yayınları: 633: 2, Bursa, pp. 456
2. Avcıoğlu R, Geren H, Tamkoç A & Karadağ Y (2009). Yonca (Medicago sativa L.). (Ed: Avcıoğlu R, Hatipoğlu R, Karadağ Y), Yem Bitkileri, Vol II. TUGEM, Emre Basımevi, İzmir. pp. 290-316
3. Ayyıldız M (1990). Sulama Suyu Kalitesi ve Tuzluluk Problemleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Kültürteknik Bölümü, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 1196, Ders Kitabı: 344, Ankara, pp. 282
4. Canpolat Ö & Karaman Ş (2009). Bazı baklagil kaba yemlerinin in vitro gaz üretimi, organik madde sindirimi, nispi yem değeri ve metabolik enerji içeriklerinin karşılaştırılması. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi-Journal of Agricultural Science 15: 188-195
5. FAO (2011). Food and Agricultural Organization. Land and plant nutrition management, Rome
6. Gee G W & Baunder J W (1986). Particle- Size Analysis. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Minerological Methods, 2nd ed. (Ed. A Klute). American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin pp. 383-441
7. Grattan S R, Grieve J A, Poss P H, Robinson D L & Benes S E (2004). Evaluation of salt-tolerant forages for sequential water reuse systems. I. Biomass production. Agricultural Water Management 70: 109-120
8. Güngör Y & Erözel Z (1994). Drenaj ve Arazi Islahı. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 1341, Ders Kitabı: 389, Ankara, pp. 232

9. Hameed M & Ashraf M (2008). Physiological and biochemical adaptations of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. from the salt range (Pakistan) to salinity stress. Flora 203: 683-694
10. Hanay A, Büyüksönmez F, Kızıloğlu F M & Canpolat M Y (2004). Reclamation of saline-sodic soils with Gypsum and MSW Compost. Compost Science and Utilization 12: 175-179
11. Hussain K, Majeed A, Nawaz K, Bhatti K H & Nisar F K (2009). Effect of different levels of salinity on growth and ion contents of black seeds (Nigella sativa L.). Current Research Journal of Biological Science 1: 135-138
12. John M K, Chuah H H & Neufeld J H (1975). Application of improved azomethine-H method to the determination of boron in soils and plants. Analytical Letters 8: 559-568
13. Kacar B (1994). Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri III. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Eğitim Araştırmaları Vakfı Yayınları No: 3, Ankara
14. Kanber R, Kırda C & Tekinel O (1992). Sulama Suyu Niteliği ve Sulamada Tuzluluk Sorunları. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No: 21, Ders Kitapları Yayın No: 6, Adana
15. Kandil A A, Sharief A E, Abido W A E & Ibrahim M M (2012). Effect of salinity on seed germination and seedling characters of some forage sorghum cultivars. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4: 306- 311
16. Karakullukçu E & Adak M S (2008). Determination of salinity tolerance of some chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi-Journal of Agricultural Science 14: 313-319
17. Kazemi K & Eskandari H (2011). Effects of salt stress on germination and early seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars in Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology 10: 17789-17792
18. Kendirli B, Çakmak B & Ucar Y (2005). Salinity in the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), Turkey: Issues and Options. Irrigation and Drainage 54: 115-122
19. Li R, Shi F, Fukuda K & Yang Y (2010). Effects of salt and alkali stresses on germination, growth, photosynthesis and ion accumulation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 56: 725-733
20. MGM (2014). Başbakanlık DMİ Genel Müdürlüğü Meteoroloji Bültenleri, Ankara
21. Mlay P S, Pereka A, Phiri E C, Balthazary S, Igusti J & Hvelplund T (2006). Feed value of selected tropical grasses, legumes and concentrates. Veterinarski Arhiv 76: 53-63
22. Mohajer S, Taha R M, Khorasani A & Mubarak E E (2013). Comparative studies of forage yield and quality traits among proso millet, foxtail millet and sainfoin varieties. International Journal of Environment Science and Development 4: 465-469
23. Nelson C J (1995). Photosynthesis and Carbon Metabolism In Foreges. (Ed: Barnes R F, Miller D A, Nelson C J), An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture, Vol I. lowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA, pp. 31-44
24. Nelson C J & Moser L E (1994). Plant Factors Affecting Forage Quality. (Ed: Fahey G C, Collins M, Mertens D R, Moser L E), Forage Quality, Evaluation and Utilization, ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 998
25. Olsen S R & Summers L E (1982). Phosphorus. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin pp. 403-427
26. Özaslan Parlak A & Parlak M (2008). Effect of salinity in irrigation water on some plant development parameters of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and soil salinity. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi-Journal of Agricultural Science 14: 320-325
27. Panahi F, Assareh M H, Jafari M, Jafari A, Arzani H, Tavili A & Zandi Esfahan E (2012). Phenological effects on forage quality of Salsola arbuscula, Salsola orientalis and Salsola tomentosa in three habitats in the central part of Iran. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research 11: 800-807
28. Pessarakli M, Tucker T C & Nakabayashi K (1991). Growth response of barley and wheat to salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition 14: 331-340
29. Qureshi R H & Barrett-Lennard E G (1998). Saline Agriculture for Irrigated Land in Pakistan. A handbook, ACIAR Monograph No. 50 Canberra, Australian
30. Rhoades J D (1982a). Exchangeable cations. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin pp. 159-164
31. Rhoades J D (1982b). Soluble salts. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison pp. 167-179.
32. Rhoades J D (1996). Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. Sparks D.L. (Ed.), American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison pp. 417-436
33. Sayar M H, Han Y, Yolcu H & Yücel H (2014). Yield and quality traits of some perennial forages as both sole crops and intercropping mixtures under irrigated conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 19: 59-65
34. Schut A, Gherardi S & Wood D (2010). Empirical models to quantify the nutritive characteristics of annual pastures in south-west Western Australia. Crop and Pasture Science 61: 32-43
35. Sima N A K K, Ahmad S T & Pessarakli M (2013). Comparative study of different salts (sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate) on growth of forage species. Journal of Plant Nutrition 36: 214-230
36. Tan M & Serin Y (2012). Baklagil Yem Bitkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Yayınları No: 190, Eruzurm.
37. Tavirimirwa B, Manzungu E & Ncube S (2012). The evaluation of dry season nutritive value of dominant and improved grasses in fallows in Chivi District, Zimbabwe. Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research 2: 470-474
38. Temel S & Şimşek U (2011). Desertification process of Iğdır Plain soils and solution suggestions. Alınteri Journal of Agricultural Science 21: 53-59
39. Temel S, Şimşek U, Keskin B & Yılmaz İ H (2013). Effectiveness of forage grasses which have different degrees of salt tolerance as phytoremediation for reclamation of saline soils. 10th Field Crops Congress, 10-13 September 2013 Konya, Vol 3, pp. 242-250
40. Temel S, Keskin B, Şimşek U & Yılmaz İ H (2015). Bazı çok yıllık yem bitkisi türlerinin m2’deki bitki çıkışına halomorfik toprak koşullarının etkisi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 12: 46-54
41. Torabi M, Halim R A, Sinniah U R & Choukan R (2011). Influence of salinity on the germination of Iranian alfalfa ecotypes. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6: 4624-4630
42. Tuteja N (2007). Mechanisms of high salinity tolerance in plants. Methods in Enzymology 428: 419-438
43. Valipoor Dastenai M, Mirhadi M J & Mehrani A (2012). The study and comparison of 3 foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) cultivars in different phenological stages in Karaj Region. Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 2: 62-68
44. Van Soest P J, Robertson J D & Lewis B A (1991). Methods for diatery fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal’s nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3583-3597
45. Yarnia M, Heidari Sharif Abad H, Hashemi Dezfuli S A, Rahimzade Khoei F & Ghalavand A (2011). Evaluation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) lines to salinity tolerance. Iranian Journal of Crop Science 3: 12-26.
46. Yunusa I A M & Sedgley R H (1992). Reduced tillering spring wheats for heavy textured soils in a semiarid Mediterranean environment. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 168: 159-168
47. Yurtseven E, Öztürk A, Kadayıfçı A & Ayan B (1996). Sulama suyu tuzluluğunun biberde (Capsium annuum) farklı gelişme dönemlerinde bazı verim parametrelerine etkisi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi- Journal of Agricultural Science 2: 5-9
48. Zandi Esfahan E, Assareh M H, Jafari M, Jafari A A, Javadi S A & Karimi G (2010). Phenological effects on forage quality of two halophytes species Atriplex leucoclada and Suaeda vermiculata in four saline rangelands of Iran. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 8: 999-1003