Amitraz’a Dirençli Tetranychus urticae Koch Acari: Tetranychidae ’de Çoklu Direnç, Kalıtım, Sinerjizm ve Detoksifikasyon Mekanizmaları

Abstract

Antalya ilinde fasulye serasından Mayıs 2003’de toplanmış olan Tetranychus urticae Koch’nin BEŞ popülasyonuna amitraz ilacı ilaçlama kulesi–petri kabı yöntemi ile uygulanarak LCdeğerleri belirlenmiştir. BEŞ popülasyonu amitraz ile her seleksiyon popülasyonu için belirlenen LC60 değerleriyle 15 kez seleksiyon yapılmıştır. Elde edilen dirençli popülasyon AMT 15 olarak isimlendirilmiştir. LC50değerlerine göre, 15 seleksiyon sonrasında bu popülasyonun hassas GSS popülasyona göre direnç oranı 32.02 kat olarak bulunmuştur. Dirençli AMT 15 popülasyonuna 3 farklı sinerjist, piperonyl butoxide PBO , triphenyl phosphate TPP veya S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate IBP + amitraz uygulanmıştır. Amitraz ile en yüksek sinerjistik etkiyi PBO göstermiştir. Diğerlerinin sinerjistik etkisi sınırlı kalmıştır. AMT 15 popülasyonunun diğer bazı ilaçlara çoklu direnç geliştirip geliştirmediği de incelenmiştir. AMT popülasyonunda en yüksek çoklu direnç oranı abamectin 8.38 kat ve propargite 6.37 kat ’e karşı belirlenmiştir. AMT 15 popülasyonunda yalnızca bifenthrin’e karşı hassasiyet belirlenmiştir. Resiprokal çaprazlama çalışmalarında AMT 15 popülasyonun direnç kalıtımının eksik dominant karakterli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mikroplate reader ile yapılan kinetik okumalarda AMT 15 popülasyonun da selekte edildikleri BEŞ popülasyonuna göre esteraz 2.19 kat , glutation S–transferase GST 1.07 kat ve sitokrom P450 monooksigenaz P450 29.24 kat enzim aktivitelerinde önemli miktarda artış belirlenmiştir

Keywords

• Tetranychus urticae
• amitraz
• çoklu direnç
• sinerjist
• direnç kalıtımı
• detoksifikasyon

Mechanisms of Multiple Resistance, Inheritance, Synergism and Detoxification in Tetranychus urticae Koch Acari: Tetranychidae Resistant to Amitraz

Abstract

The LC values of Tetranychus urticae Koch BEŞ populations collected from Antalya province in bean greenhouse on May 2003 were determined using by spray tower – petri dish method. The BEŞ population was selected 15 times with amitraz by LC60 values determined for each selected population. The resistant population was named as AMT 15. The resistance rate of this population after 15 selections was found 32.02 fold compared to the susceptible GSS population according to their LC50 values. Different synergists, piperonyl butoxide PBO , triphenyl phosphate TPP and S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate IBP + amitraz were applied to the AMT 15 resistant populations. PBO presented the highest synergistic effect with amitraz in AMT 15 population. The synergistic effects of the other synergists remained limited. Whether multi-resistance developed against some pesticides in the resistant AMT 15 population investigated. The highest multiresistance rate in AMT population was found against abamectin 8.34 fold and propargite 6.37 fold . The only susceptibility in AMT 15 population was determined to bifentrin. The reciprocal crossing investigations revealed the resistance inheritance as incompletely dominant. The kinetic readings with microplate reader pointed significant increases in esterase 2.19 fold , gluthation – S – transferase GST 1.07 fold and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase P450 29.24 fold , enzyme activities in AMT 15 population compared to the parental populations

Keywords

• Tetranychus urticae
• amitraz
• multiple resistance
• synergist
• resistance inheritance
• detoxification

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