‘Tombul’ Fındık Çeşidinde Olgunlaşmamış Kotiledonlardan Somatik Embriyo Oluşumu

Abstract

Açıkta tozlanan „Tombul‟ fındık çeşidinde, 6-benziladenin‟ in BA , 2,4- diklorofenoksiasetik asit 2,4-D ve Naftalenasetik asit NAA ile kombinasyonlarının ve kotiledon olgunlaşma düzeyinin somatik embriyo oluşumu üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Olgunlaşmamış kotiledon eksplantları hasattan 45 gün 1 Temmuz ve 30 gün 15 Temmuz önce alınmıştır. En yüksek somatik embriyo oluşumu %66.7 ve eksplant başına en yüksek somatik embriyo sayısı 5.5 1.0 mg·L-1BA, 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA ve 250 mg·L-1 L-glutamin ilave edilmiş ½ makro element içeren Murashige ve Skoog MS temel besin ortamından elde edilmiştir. Somatik embriyo oluşumu üzerine hasattan 45 gün önce alınan kotiledonların 30 gün önce alınanlara göre daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir

Keywords

• Corylus avellana
• somatik embriyo
• kotiledon olgunluğu
• 6-benziladenin
• 2
• 4diklorofenoksi asetik asit
• α-naftalenasetik asit

Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis from Immature Cotyledons in ‘Tombul’ Hazelnut

Abstract

Effects of 6-benzyladenine BA in combination with auxins either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-D or α-naphthaleneacetic acid NAA on the induction of somatic embryogenesis in different cotyledon maturity stages of open-pollinated seeds of „Tombul‟ hazelnut cultivar were investigated. Immature cotyledon explants were collected 45 and 30 days before harvest on July 1 and July 15 respectively. Initial Murashige and Skoog MS basal medium with half-strength of macronutrients containing 1.0 mg L-1 BA, 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and 250 mg L-1 L-glutamine resulted in the highest embryogenesis 66.7% and the highest number of somatic embryo 5.5 per cotyledon explant. The cotyledons collected 45 days before the harvest were more inductive than those collected 30 days before the harvest on embryogenesis. Key dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, α-naphthaleneacetic acid Words: Corylus avellana, somatic embryo, cotyledon maturity, 6-benzyladenine, 2,4

Keywords

• Corylus avellana
• somatic embryo
• cotyledon maturity
• 6-benzyladenine
• 2
• 4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
• α-naphthaleneacetic acid

References

1. Alasalvar, C., F. Shahidi, C.M. Liyanapathirana and T. Ohshima. 2003. Turkish Tombul hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). 1. Compositional characteristics. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 51: 3790−3796.
2. Berros, B., C. Alvarez and R. Rodriguez. 1997. Effect of putrescine-synthesis inhibitors on somatic embryogenesis in hazelnut. Angerwandte Botanik 71(3/4): 90−93 (CAB Abstracts). Boucaud, M.T., M. Brison and P. Negrier.
3. Merkle, S.A. 1997. Somatic embryogenesis in ornamentals, p.
4. Cryopreservation of walnut somatic embryos. CryoLetters 15: 151−160.
5. Centeno, M. L., R. Rodriguez, B. Berros and A. Rodriguez. 1997. Endogenous hormonal content and somatic embryonic capacity of Corylus avellana L. cotyledons. Plant Cell Reports 17: 139−144.
6. D‟Onofrio, C. and S. Morini. 2006. Somatic embryo, adventitious root and shoot regeneration in in vitro grown quince leaves as influenced by treatments of different length with growth regulators. Scientia Horticulturae 104: 194−199.
7. Gray, D.J. 1987. Introduction to the symposium. In: Proc. Symp. Synthetic Seed Technology for the Mass Cloning of Crop Plants: Problems and Perspectives. HortScience 22(5): 796-797.
8. Hazelnut Council. 2008. World hazelnut production statistics. http://www.hazelnutcouncil.org (10. 12. 2008).

9. Hiraoka, N., I. D. Bhatt, Y. Sakurai and J.I. Chang. 2004. Alkaloid production by somatic embryo cultures of Corydalis ambigua. Plant Biotechnology 21(5): 361–366.
10. Jimenez, V.M. 2001. Regulation of in vitro somatic embryogenesis with emphasis on the role of endogenous hormones. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal 13(2): 196−223.
11. Klimaszewska, K., R.G. Rutledge and A. Seguin. 2005. Genetic transformation of embryogenesis, p. 151−163. In: L. Pena (ed.). Transgenic plants: methods and protocols. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, New Jersey. utilizing somatic
12. McCown, B.H. 2003. Biotechnology in horticulture: 100 years of application. HortScience 38(5): 1026−1030.
13. Mehlenbacher, S.A. and D.C. Smith. 1991. Partial self- compatibility in „Tombul‟ and „Montebello‟ hazelnuts. Euphytica 56: 231−236. 13−33. In: R.L.Geneve, J.E.Preece, and S.A. Merkle (eds.). Biotechnology of ornamental plants. CAB International, Cambridge, MA.
14. Murashige, T. and F. Skoog. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum 15: 473−497.
15. Perez, C., B. Fernandez and R. Rodriguez. 1983. In vitro plantlet regeneration through asexual embryogenesis in cotyledonary segments of Corylus avellana L. Plant Cell Reports 2(5): 226−228.
16. Preece, J.E. 2003. A century of progress with vegetative plant propagation. HortScience 38(5): 1015−1025.
17. Rodriguez, R., B. Berros, M.L. Centeno, M. Rovira, A. Rodriguez and L. Radojevic. 2000. Applied and basic studies on somatic embryogenesis in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), p. 291−359. In: S. M. Jain, P.K. Gupta and R.J. Newton (eds.). Somatic embryogenesis in woody plants. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London.
18. Thompson, M.M., H.B. Lagerstedt and S.A. Mehlenbacher. 1996. Hazelnuts, p. 125−184. In: J. Janick and J.N. Moore (eds.). Fruit breeding, volume III. Nuts. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
19. Traore, A. and M.J. Guiltinan. 2006. Effects of carbon source and explant type on somatic embryogenesis of four cacao genotypes. HortScience 41(3): 753−758. Tulecke, W. and G. McGranahan. 1985. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledon of walnut (Juglans regia L.). Plant Science 40: 57−63.