The Effects of Different Doses of Gamma Ray and EMS on Formation of Chlorophyll Mutations in Durum Wheat Triticum durum Desf.

Abstract

he main target of breeding programmes has been to develop high yielding durum wheat Triticum durum Desf. cultivars. Breeding programmes aim to exploit the existing variability and to enhance genetic variation. Genetic variation may be broadened through experimental mutagenesis. An important plant breeding problem is the selection of suitable mutagenic treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of durum wheat cultivars to mutagens by detecting fertility of M ı plants and chlorophyll mutations in M2 plants. This study was carried out in Tokat-Kazova conditions in 1996 and 1997. Gediz-75 and Sofu durum wheat cultivars were used as plant material in the trial. The gamma rays obtained from Cobalt 60 60Co as physical mutagen and the EMS as chemical mutagen were used. The seeds were irradiated with 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy and 200 Gy gamma rays or treated with 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 % and 0.4 % EMS Ethyl Methane Sulphonate . The seeds were treated with EMS at 24 °C for 8 hours without presoaked and were washed for 6 hours after treatment. Either of treated cultivars were grown separately in the trial. Besides, the treatments of gamma rays and EMS separately were "Randomized Complete Block Design" with three replications. According to the results of this research, fertility in M ı plants was lower with gamma ray application compared to EMS application. The spectrum and frequency of mutations were varied with treatments of mutagen and cultivars. The effect of mutagens markedly increased with high doses. The highest mutagenic efficiency was obtained from 0.4 % EMS dose in Gediz-75 cultivar and from 100 Gy gamma ray dose in Sofu cultivar.

Keywords

• durum wheat, gamma rays, EMS, chlorophyll mutations, mutation frequency, mutagenic efficiency

Makarnal ı k Buğdayda Triticum durum Desf. Gama I şini ve EMS'nin Farkl ı Dozları n ı n Klorofil Mutasyonları n ı n Oluşumu Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

lslah programlar ı n ı n temel hedefi verimi yüksek makarnal ı k buğday Triticum durum Desf. çeşitlerini geliştirmektir. Islah programlar ı mevcut olan çeşitliliğ i art ı rmay ı ve genetik varyasyonu zenginle ştirmeyi amaçlar. Genetik varyasyon mutasyon yoluyla art ı r ı labilir. Bitki ı slah ı n ı n önemli bir sorunu uygun mutagenik muamelenin seçimidir. Bu çal ışman ı n amac ı , makarnal ı k buğday çeş itlerinin mutagenlere duyarl ı l ığı n ı Mı bitkilerinin fertilitesi ve M2 bitkilerinde klorofil mutasyonlar ı n ı belirleyerek saptamakt ı r. Bu çal ışma 1996 ve 1997 y ı llar ı nda Tokat-Kazova şartları nda yürütülmüştür. Araşt ı rmada bitki materyali olarak Gediz-75 ve Sofu makarnal ı k buğday çeş itleri kullan ı lm ışt ı r. Kobalt 60 6°Co kaynağı ndan elde edilen gama i şini tohumlar ı fiziksel mutagen ve EMS kimyasal mutagen olarak uygulanm ışt ı r. EMS uygulamas ı ön ı slatma yap ı lmadan 8 saat oda s ı cakl ığı nda yap ı lm ış ve uygulama süresi sonunda tohumlar 6 saat süreyle y ı kanm ışt ı r. Tohumlar 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy ve 200 Gy gama ışı n ı ile ışı nlanm ış ve % 0.1, % 0.2, % 0.3, % 0.4 EMS ile muamele edilmi ştir. Mutagenlerin uyguland ığı çeşitler ayr ı ayrı denemeye al ı nm ışt ı r. Ayr ı ca, gama i şini ve EMS uygulamaları birbirinden ayr ı olarak "Tesadüf Bloklar ı Deneme Deseni"nde 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmu ştur. Araşt ı rma sonuçlar ı na göre, MIbitkilerinin fertilitesi EMS uygulamas ı yla karşı laşt ı r ı ld ığı zaman gamma i şini uygulamas ı nda daha düşük ç ı km ışt ı r. Mutasyon spektrumu ve frekans ı muamelerle ve çeşitlere bağl ı olarak değ işmiştir. Mutagenlerin etkileri yüksek dozlarda belirgin bir şekilde artm ışt ı r. En yüksek mutagenik verim Gediz-75 çe şidinde % 0.4 EMS dozundan, Sofu çe şidinde ise 100 Gy gama ışı n' dozundan elde edilmi ştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• makarnal ı k buğday, gama ışı n ı , EMS, klorofil mutasyonu, mutasyon frekans ı , mutagenik verim

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