Abstract
In this study a soil sequence was investigated on North and South facing slopes with respect to elemental balances (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Si, Al, and Fe) and the occurrence and abundance of clay minerals. Elemental losses were derived from mass balance calculations that are based on enrichment/depletion factor by taking the immobile element content (titanium, Ti) as reference and using some weathering indices such as Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), bases/RO ratio, Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA), and Product Index (P). According to the indices used for the interpretation of the degree of weathering in parent materialin 4 profiles were found to be low in accordance to the age of the geological parent material. Higher values of the mass balance functions and mass loss/gain budget in profiles situating in southern part of the hill have indicated the importance of stending in the degree of weathering. The intensity and abundance of K-feldspar and quartz was higher in northern hill sites and this indicated that the weathering processes may considerably change in short distances. Smectites and interlayered smectites-illite clay minerals were observed in southern hill whereas the soils of northern hill consisted of illite, kaolinite, and smectites in descending order. It can be concluded that the differences in concentration of major element in a profile and clay mineralogy in short rages may quantify the effect of topolithosequence.
Keywords
Weathering index; Mass transport function; Mass balance; Clay mineralogy; Çünür hill Andesite/trachyandesite
References
- Akgül M & Başayiğit L (2005). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Çiftlik Arazisinin DetaylıToprak Etüdü ve Haritalanması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 9(3): 54-63
- Akgül M, Başayiğit L, Uçar Y & Müjdeci M (2001). Atabey Ovası Toprakları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No: 15, Araştırma Serisi Yayın No: 1, Isparta
- Birkeland P W (1999). Soils and Geomorphology. Oxford University Press, NewYork
- Brimhall G H & Dietrich W E (1987). Constitutive mass balance relations between chemical composition, volume, density, porosity, and strain in metasomatic hydrochemical systems: Results on weathering and pedogenesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51: 567–587
- Brimhall G H, Chadwick O A, Lewis C J, Compston W, Williams I S, Danti K J, Dietrich W E, Power M E, Hendricks D & Bratt J (1991a). Deformational mass transport and invasive processes in soil evolution. Science 255: 695-702
- Brimhall G H, Lewis C J, Ford C, Bratt J, Taylor G & Warin O (1991b). Quantitative geochemical approach to pedogenesis: importance of parent material reduction, volumetric expansion, and eolian influx in laterization. Geoderma 51: 51-91
- Chadwick O A, Brimhall G H & Hendricks D M (1990). From a black to a gray box-a mass balance interpretation of pedogenesis. Geomorphology 3: 369–390
- Chao T T, & Sanzolone R F (1992). Decomposition techniques. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 106: 44-65
- Dahms D E (2002). Glacial stratigraphy of Stough Creek Basin, Wind River Range, Wyoming. Geomorphology 42: 59-83
- Dahms D E (2004). Relative and numeric age data for Pleistocene glacial deposits and diamictons in and near Sinks Canyon, Wind River Range, Wyoming, U.S.A. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 36: 5977
- Dahms D, Favilli F, Krebs R & Egli M (2012). Soil weathering and accumulation rates of oxalateextractable phases from Alpine chronosequences of up to 1 Ma in age. Geomorphology 151–152: 99-113
- Delvaux B, Herbillon A J & Vieloye L (1989). Characterization of a weathering sequence of soils derived from volcanic ash in Cameroon-taxonomic, mineralogical and agronomic implications. Geoderma 45: 375-388
- Dengiz O, Kibar M, Yüksel M, Kadıoğlu Y K, Karaca S & Durak A (2006). Farklı Yöney, Fizyografik Ünite ve Jeolojik Birimler üzerinde oluşmuş Toprakların Oluşumları, Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 12: 349-356
- Dizdar M Y (1979). Kil mineralleri (Çeviri). Holeman, J.N. (Editör), Toprak Su Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara, pp:1-55
- Duan L, Hao J, Xie S, Zhou Z & Ye X (2002). Determining weathering rates of soils in China. Geoderma 110: 205-225
- Egli M & Fitze P (2000). Formulation of pedologic mass balance based on immobile elements: a revision. Soil Science 165: 437-443
- Egli M, Fitze P & Mirabella A (2001).Weathering and evolution of soils formed on granitic, glacial deposits: results from chronosequences of Swiss alpine environments. Catena 45: 19-47
- Egli M, Mirabella A & Fitze P (2003). Formation rates of smectites derived from two Holocene chronosequences in the Swiss Alps. Geoderma 117: 81-98
- Egli M, Dahms D & Norton K (2014) Soil formation rates on silicate parent material in alpine environments: Different approaches-different results? Geoderma 213: 320-333
- Fedo C M, Nesbitt H W & Young G M (1995). Unravelling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance. Geology 23: 921-924
- Föllmi K B, Arn K, Hosein R, Adatte T & Steinmann, P (2009a). Biogeochemical weathering in sedimentary chronosequences of the Rhône and Oberaar Glaciers (Swiss Alps): rates and mechanisms of biotite weathering. Geoderma 151: 270-281 300
- Mavris C, Plötze M, Mirabella A, Giaccai D, Valboa G & Egli M (2011). Clay mineral evolution along a soil chronosequence in an Alpine proglacial area. Geoderma 165: 106-117
- McLennan S M, Hemming S, McDaniel D K & Hanson G N (1993). Geochemical approach to sedimentation, provenance, and tectonics.Geological Society of America (Special Paper) 284: 21-40
- Merritts D J, Chadwick O A, Hendricks D M, Brimhall G H & Lewis C J (1992). The mass balance of soil evolution on late Quaternary marine terraces, northern California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 104: 1456-1470
- Middleburg J J, Van der Weijden C H & Woittiez J R W (1988). Chemical processes affecting the mobility of major, minor and trace elements during the weathering of granite rocks. Chemical Geology 68: 253–273
- Millot G (1970). Geology of Clays. Springer-Verlag, New York
- Murray H H, Harver C & Smith J M (1977). Mineralogy and geology of the Maungaparerua halloysite deposit in New Zealand. Clays and Clay Minerals 25(1): 1-5
- Nemec W & Kazancı N (1999). Quaternary colluvium in west-central Anatolia: Sedimantary facies and palaeoclimatic significance. Sedimentology 46: 139170
- Nesbitt H W &Young G M (1982). Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites. Nature 299(5885): 715717
- Nieuwenhuyse A & van Breemen N (1997). Quantitative aspects of weathering and neoformation in selected Costa Rican volcanic soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61: 1450–1458
- Platevoet B Scaillet S, Guillou H, Blamart D, Nomade S, Massault M, Poisson A, Elitok Ö, Özgür, N, Yagmurlu F& Yılmaz K (2008). Pleistocene eruptive chronology of the Gölcük Volcano, Isparta Angle, Turkey. Quaternaire 19(2): 147-156
- Poulenard J, Podwojewski P & Herbillon, A. J. 2003. Characteristics of non AllophanicAndisols with Hydric Properties from the Ecuadorian Paramos. Geoderma 117: 267-281
- Rech, J A, Reeves R W & Hendricks D 2001. The influence of slope aspect on soil weathering processes in the Springerville volcanic field, Arizona. Catena 43: 49– 62 301
- White A F (1995). Chemical weathering rates of silicate minerals in soils. In: A F White, Brantley (Eds.), Chemical Weathering Rates of Silicate Minerals, Mineralogical Society of America Special Publication, vol. 31. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington D.C., pp. 407–461
- White A F, Schulz M S, Stonestrome D A, Vivit D V, Fitzpatrick J, Bullen T D, Maher K & Blum A E (2009). Chemical weathering of a marine terrace chronosequence, Santa Cruz, California. Part II: solute profiles, gradients and the comparisons of contemporary and long-term weathering rates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73: 2769-2803
- Yagmurlu F, Savaşçın Y & Ergun M (1997). Relation of alkaline volcanism and active tectonism within the evolution of the Isparta Angle, SW Turkey. Journal of Geology 105(6): 717-728
Yarı Kurak Şartlarda Volkanik Materyal Üzerinde Oluşan Toprakların Ayrışma Oranları ve Kil Mineralojisine Kuzey ve Güney Bakının Etkisi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada kuzey ve güney yönlü bakıya sahip iki farklı topoğrafyada oluşan topraklar element kayıpları ve kil mineralleri oluşumları irdelenerek araştırılmıştır. Element kayıpları Ti gibi immobil elementlerin zenginleşmesi ve kayıplarına dayanan kütle dengesi hesaplamaları ve Kimyasal alterasyon indeksi (CIA), Kimyasal ayrışma indeksi (CIW), Bazlar/R2O3 oranı, Plajiyoklas alterasyon indeksi (PIA), Product Indeks (P) gibi ayrışma indisleri kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Parçalanma ayrışma ortamının yorumlanmasında kullanılan indislere göre çalışma alanı profilleri jeolojik ana materyalin yaşına uyumlu olarak düşük bulunmuş. Kütle taşınım fonksiyon değerleri ve kütle kayıp kazançları, güney yamaçta açılan profillerde kuzey yamaç profillerine göre daha fazla kayıp ile birlikte bakının önemli olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Profillerde yapılan X-ray çekimlerinde kuzey yamaç kısmındaki toz örneklerde K-Feldispat ve Kuvars miktarının güney yamaç profillerine göre yüksek olduğu parçalanma ayrışmanın bakı etkisi ile daha ileri düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Kil tiplerini belirlemeye yönelik çalışmada güney yamaçta yoğun smektit ve smektit-illit ara tabakalı kil mineralleri söz konusu iken, kuzey yamaç kesimlerinde bolluk sırasına göre illit, kaolinit ve smektitin varlığı tespit edilmiştir.
Keywords
Ayrışma indeksi Kütle taşınım fonksiyonu Kütle kayıp/kazançları Kil mineralojisi Çünür tepesi Andezit/trakiandezit
References
- Akgül M & Başayiğit L (2005). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Çiftlik Arazisinin DetaylıToprak Etüdü ve Haritalanması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 9(3): 54-63
- Akgül M, Başayiğit L, Uçar Y & Müjdeci M (2001). Atabey Ovası Toprakları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No: 15, Araştırma Serisi Yayın No: 1, Isparta
- Birkeland P W (1999). Soils and Geomorphology. Oxford University Press, NewYork
- Brimhall G H & Dietrich W E (1987). Constitutive mass balance relations between chemical composition, volume, density, porosity, and strain in metasomatic hydrochemical systems: Results on weathering and pedogenesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51: 567–587
- Brimhall G H, Chadwick O A, Lewis C J, Compston W, Williams I S, Danti K J, Dietrich W E, Power M E, Hendricks D & Bratt J (1991a). Deformational mass transport and invasive processes in soil evolution. Science 255: 695-702
- Brimhall G H, Lewis C J, Ford C, Bratt J, Taylor G & Warin O (1991b). Quantitative geochemical approach to pedogenesis: importance of parent material reduction, volumetric expansion, and eolian influx in laterization. Geoderma 51: 51-91
- Chadwick O A, Brimhall G H & Hendricks D M (1990). From a black to a gray box-a mass balance interpretation of pedogenesis. Geomorphology 3: 369–390
- Chao T T, & Sanzolone R F (1992). Decomposition techniques. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 106: 44-65
- Dahms D E (2002). Glacial stratigraphy of Stough Creek Basin, Wind River Range, Wyoming. Geomorphology 42: 59-83
- Dahms D E (2004). Relative and numeric age data for Pleistocene glacial deposits and diamictons in and near Sinks Canyon, Wind River Range, Wyoming, U.S.A. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 36: 5977
- Dahms D, Favilli F, Krebs R & Egli M (2012). Soil weathering and accumulation rates of oxalateextractable phases from Alpine chronosequences of up to 1 Ma in age. Geomorphology 151–152: 99-113
- Delvaux B, Herbillon A J & Vieloye L (1989). Characterization of a weathering sequence of soils derived from volcanic ash in Cameroon-taxonomic, mineralogical and agronomic implications. Geoderma 45: 375-388
- Dengiz O, Kibar M, Yüksel M, Kadıoğlu Y K, Karaca S & Durak A (2006). Farklı Yöney, Fizyografik Ünite ve Jeolojik Birimler üzerinde oluşmuş Toprakların Oluşumları, Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 12: 349-356
- Dizdar M Y (1979). Kil mineralleri (Çeviri). Holeman, J.N. (Editör), Toprak Su Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara, pp:1-55
- Duan L, Hao J, Xie S, Zhou Z & Ye X (2002). Determining weathering rates of soils in China. Geoderma 110: 205-225
- Egli M & Fitze P (2000). Formulation of pedologic mass balance based on immobile elements: a revision. Soil Science 165: 437-443
- Egli M, Fitze P & Mirabella A (2001).Weathering and evolution of soils formed on granitic, glacial deposits: results from chronosequences of Swiss alpine environments. Catena 45: 19-47
- Egli M, Mirabella A & Fitze P (2003). Formation rates of smectites derived from two Holocene chronosequences in the Swiss Alps. Geoderma 117: 81-98
- Egli M, Dahms D & Norton K (2014) Soil formation rates on silicate parent material in alpine environments: Different approaches-different results? Geoderma 213: 320-333
- Fedo C M, Nesbitt H W & Young G M (1995). Unravelling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance. Geology 23: 921-924
- Föllmi K B, Arn K, Hosein R, Adatte T & Steinmann, P (2009a). Biogeochemical weathering in sedimentary chronosequences of the Rhône and Oberaar Glaciers (Swiss Alps): rates and mechanisms of biotite weathering. Geoderma 151: 270-281 300
- Mavris C, Plötze M, Mirabella A, Giaccai D, Valboa G & Egli M (2011). Clay mineral evolution along a soil chronosequence in an Alpine proglacial area. Geoderma 165: 106-117
- McLennan S M, Hemming S, McDaniel D K & Hanson G N (1993). Geochemical approach to sedimentation, provenance, and tectonics.Geological Society of America (Special Paper) 284: 21-40
- Merritts D J, Chadwick O A, Hendricks D M, Brimhall G H & Lewis C J (1992). The mass balance of soil evolution on late Quaternary marine terraces, northern California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 104: 1456-1470
- Middleburg J J, Van der Weijden C H & Woittiez J R W (1988). Chemical processes affecting the mobility of major, minor and trace elements during the weathering of granite rocks. Chemical Geology 68: 253–273
- Millot G (1970). Geology of Clays. Springer-Verlag, New York
- Murray H H, Harver C & Smith J M (1977). Mineralogy and geology of the Maungaparerua halloysite deposit in New Zealand. Clays and Clay Minerals 25(1): 1-5
- Nemec W & Kazancı N (1999). Quaternary colluvium in west-central Anatolia: Sedimantary facies and palaeoclimatic significance. Sedimentology 46: 139170
- Nesbitt H W &Young G M (1982). Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites. Nature 299(5885): 715717
- Nieuwenhuyse A & van Breemen N (1997). Quantitative aspects of weathering and neoformation in selected Costa Rican volcanic soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61: 1450–1458
- Platevoet B Scaillet S, Guillou H, Blamart D, Nomade S, Massault M, Poisson A, Elitok Ö, Özgür, N, Yagmurlu F& Yılmaz K (2008). Pleistocene eruptive chronology of the Gölcük Volcano, Isparta Angle, Turkey. Quaternaire 19(2): 147-156
- Poulenard J, Podwojewski P & Herbillon, A. J. 2003. Characteristics of non AllophanicAndisols with Hydric Properties from the Ecuadorian Paramos. Geoderma 117: 267-281
- Rech, J A, Reeves R W & Hendricks D 2001. The influence of slope aspect on soil weathering processes in the Springerville volcanic field, Arizona. Catena 43: 49– 62 301
- White A F (1995). Chemical weathering rates of silicate minerals in soils. In: A F White, Brantley (Eds.), Chemical Weathering Rates of Silicate Minerals, Mineralogical Society of America Special Publication, vol. 31. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington D.C., pp. 407–461
- White A F, Schulz M S, Stonestrome D A, Vivit D V, Fitzpatrick J, Bullen T D, Maher K & Blum A E (2009). Chemical weathering of a marine terrace chronosequence, Santa Cruz, California. Part II: solute profiles, gradients and the comparisons of contemporary and long-term weathering rates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73: 2769-2803
- Yagmurlu F, Savaşçın Y & Ergun M (1997). Relation of alkaline volcanism and active tectonism within the evolution of the Isparta Angle, SW Turkey. Journal of Geology 105(6): 717-728
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 14, 2014 |
| Submission Date | January 24, 2014 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2014 Volume: 20 Issue: 3 |
Cited By
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