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Türkiye’nin Farklı Coğrafik Bölgelerinden Toplanan Brachypodium distachyon L. P. Beauv. Doğal Popülasyonlarının Morfolojik Karakterizasyonu

Year 2016, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 161 - 178, 01.03.2016
https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001378

Abstract

Brachypodium distachyon yalancı parlak brom , serin mevsim buğdaygilleri için yeni bir model bitkidir. Bu çalışmada, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü koleksiyonunda bulunan ve ülkemizin farklı coğrafik bölgelerinden toplanmış 48 adet doğal B. distachyon popülasyonu materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuş ve kontrolsüz sera plastik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Popülasyonlar 17 morfolojik özellik bakımından karakterize edilmiş ve morfolojik karakterlerin yükseklik ile olan ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Popülasyonların ortalama olarak bitki boylarının 24.7 cm, bayrak yaprak ayası boyunun 5.6 cm, bayrak yaprak ayası eninin 4.5 mm, biyokütlenin kök hariç 4.5 g bitki-1, başaklı sap sayısının 34 adet, başaksız sap sayısının 4 adet, bitki başına başakçık sayısının 111 adet, bitki başına tohum sayısının 372 tohum, bitkilerin sahip olduğu tohum ağırlığının 1.95 g, bin tane ağırlığının 5.22 g olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, tohumların çimlenme süresinin ortalama 15 gün, bitkilerin başak çıkarma süresinin 125 gün ve çiçeklenme süresinin 136 gün olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bitkilerin genel olarak yeşil renkte, tüylü yapıda ve dik formda olduğu, ancak bazı popülasyonlarda yatık ve yarı dik formların da bulunduğu gözlenmiştir. Morfolojik karakterlerdeki varyasyon Temel Bileşen Analizi PCA kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan korelasyon analizinde yükseklik arttıkça bitkilerde çimlenme süresinin azaldığı, bin tane ağırlığı ve bitki görünümü değerlerinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre B. distachyon koleksiyonunda morfolojik karakterler bakımından büyük bir varyasyon olduğu saptanmıştır

References

  • Brkljacic J, Grotewold E, Scholl R, Mockler T, Garvin D F, Vain P, Brutnell T, Sibout R, Bevan M, Budak H, Caicedo A L, Gao C, Gu Y, Hazen S P, Holt III B F, Hong S Y, Jordan M, Manzaneda A J, Mitchell-Olds T, Mochida K, Mur L A J, Park C M, Sedbrook J, Watt M, Zheng S J & Vogel J P (2011). Brachypodium as a model for the grasses: Today and the future. American Society of Plant Biologists 157(1): 3-13
  • Bu H, Chen X, Xu X, Lui K, Jia P & Du G (2007). Seed mass and germination in an Alpine meadow on the Eastern Tsinghai-Tibet Plateau. Plant Ecology 191: 127-149
  • Catalán P, Kellogg E A & Olmstead R G (1997). Phylogeny of Poaceae subfamily Pooideae based on chloroplast ndhF gene sequencing. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8: 1-18
  • Catalán P, Müller J, Hasterok R, Jenkins G, Mur L A J, Langdon T, Betekhtin A, Siwinska D, Pimentel M & López-Alvarez D (2011). Evolution and taxonomic split of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon.
  • Davis P H (1985). Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh University Press, Volume: 9, Edinburgh
  • Draper J, Mur L A J, Jenkins G, Ghosh-Biswas G C, Bablak P, Hasterok R & Routledge A P M (2001). Brachypodium distachyon. A New Model System for Functional Genomics in Grasses1. Plant Physiology 127: 1539-1555
  • Filiz E, Ozdemir B S, Budak F, Vogel J P, Tuna M & Budak H (2009). Molecular, morphological, and cytological analysis of diverse Brachypodium distachyon saf lines. Genome 52: 876-890
  • Garvin D F, Gu Y Q & Hasterok R (2008). Development of genetic and genomic research resources for Brachypodium distachyon, a new model system for grass crop research. Crop Science-The Plant Genome 48: S69-S84
  • GPWG (2001). Phylogeny and subfamilial classification of the grasses (Poaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 88: 373-457
  • Guillon F, Larré C, Petipas F, Berger A, Moussawi J, Rogniaux H, Santoni A, Saulnier L, Jamme F, Miquel M, Lepiniec L & Dubreucq B (2012). A comprehensive overview of grain development in Brachypodium distachyon variety Bd21. Journal of Experimental Botany 63(2): 739-755
  • Guo H, Mazer S J & Du G (2010). Geographic variation in primary sex allocation per flower within and among 12 species of Pedicularis: Proportional male investment increases with elevation. American Journal of Botany 97(8): 1334-1341
  • Hui D, Wang J, Le X, Shen W & Ren H (2012). Influences of biotic and abiotic factors on the relationship between tree productivity and biomass in China. Forest Ecology and Management 264: 72-80
  • Jaroszewich A M, Kosina R & Stankiewicz P R (2012). RAPD, karyology and selected morphological variation in a model grass, Brachypodium distachyon. Weed Research 52: 204-216
  • Mohammadi S A & Prasanna B M (2003). Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants- Salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Science 43: 1235-1248
  • Moles E T & Westoby M (2003). Latitude, Seed Predation and Seed Mass. Journal of Biogeography 30: 105-128
  • Mur L A, Allainguillaume J, Catalan P, Hasterok R, Jenkins G, Lesniewska K, Thomas I & Vogel J (2011). Exploiting the Brachypodium Tool Box in cereal and grass research. New Phytologist 191: 334-347
  • Neji M, Geuna F, Taamalli W, Ibrahim Y, Smida M, Badri M, Abdelly C & Gandour M (2015). Morpho- phenologic diversity among Tunisian populations of Brachypodium distachyon. Journal of Agricultural Science 153: 1006-1016
  • Opanowicz M, Vain P, Draper J, Parker D & Doonan J H (2008). Brachypodium distachyon: making hay with a wild grass.Trends in Plant Science 13: 172-177
  • Ozdemir B S, Hernande P, Filiz E & Budak H (2008). Brachypodium Genomics. International Journal of Plant Genomics doi:10.1155/2008/536104
  • Öney S (2013). Türkiye’de yayılış gösteren Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. (Poaceae) popülasyonlarının moleküler ve morfolojik karakterizasyonu. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora tezi, Isparta
  • Pluess A R, Schutz W & Stöcklin J (2005). Seed weight increases with altitude in the Swiss Alps between related species but not among populations of individual species. Oecologia 144: 55-61
  • Robertson I H (1981). Chromosome numbers in Brachypodium Beauv. (Gramineae). Genetica 56: 55-60
  • Vogel J P, Garvin D F, Leong M O & Hayden M D (2006). Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and saf line development in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 84: 199-211
  • Vogel J P & Bragg J N (2009). Brachypodium distachyon a new model for the grasses. In: G J Muehlbauer & C Feuillet (Eds), Genetics and Genomics of the Triticeae, Springer US, New York, pp. 427-449
  • Vogel J P, Tuna M, Budak H, Huo N, Gu Y Q & Steinwand M A (2009). Development of SSR markörs and analysis of diversity in Turkish populations of Brachypodium distachyon. BMC Plant Biology 9: 88 doi:10.1186/1471-2229-9-88
  • Vogel J, Garvin D, Mockler T C, Schmutz J & Rokhsar D (2010). Genome sequencing and analysis of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. Nature 463: 763-768
  • Watt M, Schneebeli K, Dong P & Wilson I W (2009). The shoot and root growth of Brachypodium and its potential as a model for wheat and other cereal crops. Functional Plant Biology 36: 960-969
  • Wolny E & Hasterok R (2009). Comparative cytogenetic analysis of the genomes of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon and its close relatives.

Morphological Characterization of Brachypodium distachyon L. P. Beauv. Natural Populations Collected from Different Geographical Regions of Turkey

Year 2016, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 161 - 178, 01.03.2016
https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001378

Abstract

Brachypodium distachyon is a new model plant species for cool season grasses. In this study, 48 natural B. distachyon populations from the collection stored at Namık Kemal University, Department of Field Crops; which were collected from different geographic regions of Turkey were used. Seventeen morphological characters and their relationship with altitude were investigated in the study. Based on the result of study, average properties were 24.7 cm for plant height, 5.6 cm for length of flag leaf, 4.5 mm for width of flag leaf, 4.5 g for biomass weigth except the root , 34 for spike number per stem, 4 for number of stem without spike, 111 for number of spikelet per plant, 372 for number of seed per plant, 1.95 g for seed weight per plant, and 5.22 g for the thousand kernel weight. Additionally, average duration for seed germination, heading and anthesis were determined to be 15, 125, and 136 days respectively. It was determined that most of the plants had green colour, feathered structure and erect forms. But, semi-erect and even prostrate forms were also observed in some populations. All the data was subjected to principle component analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that B. distachyon collection used in this study have a tremendous morphological variation. Based on the results, duration of the germination had a negative correlation with increasing altitude while thousand kernel weight and plant appearance had a positive correlation

References

  • Brkljacic J, Grotewold E, Scholl R, Mockler T, Garvin D F, Vain P, Brutnell T, Sibout R, Bevan M, Budak H, Caicedo A L, Gao C, Gu Y, Hazen S P, Holt III B F, Hong S Y, Jordan M, Manzaneda A J, Mitchell-Olds T, Mochida K, Mur L A J, Park C M, Sedbrook J, Watt M, Zheng S J & Vogel J P (2011). Brachypodium as a model for the grasses: Today and the future. American Society of Plant Biologists 157(1): 3-13
  • Bu H, Chen X, Xu X, Lui K, Jia P & Du G (2007). Seed mass and germination in an Alpine meadow on the Eastern Tsinghai-Tibet Plateau. Plant Ecology 191: 127-149
  • Catalán P, Kellogg E A & Olmstead R G (1997). Phylogeny of Poaceae subfamily Pooideae based on chloroplast ndhF gene sequencing. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8: 1-18
  • Catalán P, Müller J, Hasterok R, Jenkins G, Mur L A J, Langdon T, Betekhtin A, Siwinska D, Pimentel M & López-Alvarez D (2011). Evolution and taxonomic split of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon.
  • Davis P H (1985). Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh University Press, Volume: 9, Edinburgh
  • Draper J, Mur L A J, Jenkins G, Ghosh-Biswas G C, Bablak P, Hasterok R & Routledge A P M (2001). Brachypodium distachyon. A New Model System for Functional Genomics in Grasses1. Plant Physiology 127: 1539-1555
  • Filiz E, Ozdemir B S, Budak F, Vogel J P, Tuna M & Budak H (2009). Molecular, morphological, and cytological analysis of diverse Brachypodium distachyon saf lines. Genome 52: 876-890
  • Garvin D F, Gu Y Q & Hasterok R (2008). Development of genetic and genomic research resources for Brachypodium distachyon, a new model system for grass crop research. Crop Science-The Plant Genome 48: S69-S84
  • GPWG (2001). Phylogeny and subfamilial classification of the grasses (Poaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 88: 373-457
  • Guillon F, Larré C, Petipas F, Berger A, Moussawi J, Rogniaux H, Santoni A, Saulnier L, Jamme F, Miquel M, Lepiniec L & Dubreucq B (2012). A comprehensive overview of grain development in Brachypodium distachyon variety Bd21. Journal of Experimental Botany 63(2): 739-755
  • Guo H, Mazer S J & Du G (2010). Geographic variation in primary sex allocation per flower within and among 12 species of Pedicularis: Proportional male investment increases with elevation. American Journal of Botany 97(8): 1334-1341
  • Hui D, Wang J, Le X, Shen W & Ren H (2012). Influences of biotic and abiotic factors on the relationship between tree productivity and biomass in China. Forest Ecology and Management 264: 72-80
  • Jaroszewich A M, Kosina R & Stankiewicz P R (2012). RAPD, karyology and selected morphological variation in a model grass, Brachypodium distachyon. Weed Research 52: 204-216
  • Mohammadi S A & Prasanna B M (2003). Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants- Salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Science 43: 1235-1248
  • Moles E T & Westoby M (2003). Latitude, Seed Predation and Seed Mass. Journal of Biogeography 30: 105-128
  • Mur L A, Allainguillaume J, Catalan P, Hasterok R, Jenkins G, Lesniewska K, Thomas I & Vogel J (2011). Exploiting the Brachypodium Tool Box in cereal and grass research. New Phytologist 191: 334-347
  • Neji M, Geuna F, Taamalli W, Ibrahim Y, Smida M, Badri M, Abdelly C & Gandour M (2015). Morpho- phenologic diversity among Tunisian populations of Brachypodium distachyon. Journal of Agricultural Science 153: 1006-1016
  • Opanowicz M, Vain P, Draper J, Parker D & Doonan J H (2008). Brachypodium distachyon: making hay with a wild grass.Trends in Plant Science 13: 172-177
  • Ozdemir B S, Hernande P, Filiz E & Budak H (2008). Brachypodium Genomics. International Journal of Plant Genomics doi:10.1155/2008/536104
  • Öney S (2013). Türkiye’de yayılış gösteren Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. (Poaceae) popülasyonlarının moleküler ve morfolojik karakterizasyonu. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora tezi, Isparta
  • Pluess A R, Schutz W & Stöcklin J (2005). Seed weight increases with altitude in the Swiss Alps between related species but not among populations of individual species. Oecologia 144: 55-61
  • Robertson I H (1981). Chromosome numbers in Brachypodium Beauv. (Gramineae). Genetica 56: 55-60
  • Vogel J P, Garvin D F, Leong M O & Hayden M D (2006). Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and saf line development in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 84: 199-211
  • Vogel J P & Bragg J N (2009). Brachypodium distachyon a new model for the grasses. In: G J Muehlbauer & C Feuillet (Eds), Genetics and Genomics of the Triticeae, Springer US, New York, pp. 427-449
  • Vogel J P, Tuna M, Budak H, Huo N, Gu Y Q & Steinwand M A (2009). Development of SSR markörs and analysis of diversity in Turkish populations of Brachypodium distachyon. BMC Plant Biology 9: 88 doi:10.1186/1471-2229-9-88
  • Vogel J, Garvin D, Mockler T C, Schmutz J & Rokhsar D (2010). Genome sequencing and analysis of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. Nature 463: 763-768
  • Watt M, Schneebeli K, Dong P & Wilson I W (2009). The shoot and root growth of Brachypodium and its potential as a model for wheat and other cereal crops. Functional Plant Biology 36: 960-969
  • Wolny E & Hasterok R (2009). Comparative cytogenetic analysis of the genomes of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon and its close relatives.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gülsemin Savaş Tuna This is me

İsmet Başer This is me

Metin Tuna This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2016
Submission Date January 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 22 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Savaş Tuna, G., Başer, İ., & Tuna, M. (2016). Türkiye’nin Farklı Coğrafik Bölgelerinden Toplanan Brachypodium distachyon L. P. Beauv. Doğal Popülasyonlarının Morfolojik Karakterizasyonu. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22(2), 161-178. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001378

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