Amonyum .Sülfat ve Amonyum Nitrat ile Gübrelenen Ispanak Bitkisine Spinaceae oleraceae L. Yapraktan Kalsiyum Klorür Uygulanmas ın ın Verim ile Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Baz ı Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi
Year 1997,
Volume: 03 Issue: 03, 29 - 33, 01.08.1997
Bülent Topcuoğlu
Cihat Kütük
Köksal Demir
Mustafa Özçoban
Abstract
Tarla denemesinde topra ğa uygulanan amonyum sülfat ve amonyum nitrat gübreleriyle ilgili olarak ı spanak bitkisinde ürün miktarı , toplam oksalik asit ve nitrat içerikleri ve sitokiyometrik olarak fizyolojik etkili oksalik asit miktar ı artm ışt ı r. Ispanak bitkisinde an ı lan ölçütler üzerinde amonyum nitrat amonyum sülfatdan daha fazla art ış sağ lamıştı r. Ispanak bitkisinde yapraktan CaCl2 uygulamalar ı yla ilgili olarak toplam oksalik asit ve nitrat içerikleri ve sitokiyometrik olarak fizyolojik etkili oksalik asit miktar ı azalmış t ı r. Ispanak bitkisinde azotlu gübre ve CaCl2 uygulamalar ı na bağ l ı olarak ortalama bitki a ğı rl ığı , sap ağı rlığı ve yaprak uzunluğ u gibi fiziksel özellikler üzerinde önemli de ğ i şiklik olmazken toplam P, K ve Ca içerikleri üzerinde önemli de ğ işiklikler belirlenmiştir.
References
- Adriaanse, A., Robbers, I.E. 1970. Uber eine modifizierte gessamtoxalat bestimmung in gemüsen. Z. LebensmUnters. U.Fors. 141, 158-160.
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- Bouyoucos, G.D. 1951. A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechonical analysisi of the soil. Agronomy Journal, 43, 434-438.
- Bremner, J.M. 1965. Methods of soil analysis, Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. In Ed. C.A.
- Black, American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Pub. Agron Series, No. 9.. Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
- Breteler, H.1973. A comparision between ammoniam and nitrate nutrition of young sugar-beet grown in nutrient solutions at constant acidity. 1. Production of dry matter, ionic balance and chemical composition. Neth. J.Agric. Sc., 21, 227-244.
- Craddock, W.M., 1983. Nitrosamines and Human cancer. Proff of an Assosciation, Nation (London), 306: 638.
- Davies, D.D. 1986. The fine control of cytosolic pH. Physiol Plant, 67, 702-706.
- Düzgünes, O. 1963. Bilimsel araştı rmalarda istatistik prensipleri ve metodlar ı . Ege Üniv. Matbaas ı , İ zmir.
- Egmond, F. van. 1971. Inorganic cations and carboxylates in young sugar-beet plants. In: Potassium in biochemistry and physiology, P. 104-117. International Potash Institude, Berne/Switzerland..
- Ehrendorfer, K. 1964. Influence of minerals, especially phosphorus, on the content of oxalic acid in spinach. Phosphorsaure, 24, 180-189.
- El Hadi, A.H.A., Anam, N., Abaido, Y. 1985. Some factors affecting the oxalic acid content of spinach. Beitrage zur Tropischen Landwirtscahft und Veterinarmedizin, 23 (1), 43-49.
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- Grutz, W. 1956. Die beziehungen zwischen phosphorsaure düngung un doxalsaurebildung in blattern von BetaRüben und Spinat. Die Phosphorsaure, 16, 181-187.
- Kacar, B. 1972. Bitki ve toprağı n kimyasal analizleri. Il. Bitki Analizleri, A.Ü. Zir.Fak. Yay ı nlar ı , 453, Uygulama Klavuzu: 155, A.Ü. Bas ı mevi Ankara.
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- Kirkby, E.A., Mengel, K. 1967. lonic balance in different tissues of the tomato plant in relation to nitrate, urea,or ammonium nutrition. Plant Physiology, 42, 6-14.
- Kitchen, J.W., Burns, E.E., Perry, B.A., 1964. Calcium oxalate content of spinach (Spinaceae oleraceae L.). American Soc. for Horticultural Sci., Vol. 84, 441-445.
- Krstic, B., Gebauer, G., Saric, M. 1986. Specific response of sugar-beet cultivars to different nitrogen forms. Z.Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenk., 149, 561-565
- Maercke, D.V., 1973. Effect of nitogen fertilizing on the oxalic acid content of spinach. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwatenschanggen, Rijksuniversiteit, Gent, 38 (1) 173-199.
- Margeratha, B-Z., 1989. Nitrate accumulation in vegetables and its relationship to quality. Ann. App. Biol.,115, 553- 561.
- Merkel, V.D. 1973. Der einflub des NO3:NH4-verhaitnisses in der nahrlösung auf ertrag und gehalte an organischen und anorganischen lonen von tomatenpflanzen. Zetischrift für Pflanzenernahrung und Bodenkunde, 134, 236-246.
- Raven, J.A., Smith, F.A. 1976. Nitrogen assimilation and transport in vascular land plants in relation to intracellular pH regulation. New Phytol , 76, 415-431.
- Reinink, K., 1988. Improving quality of lettuce by breeding for low nitrate content. Acta Horticulture 122, 121-128.
- Schmidt, H.A., Macdonald, H.A., Brockman, F.E. 1971. Oxalate and nitrate contents of four tropical Ieafy vegetables grown at two soil fertility levels. Agronomy Journal, 63, 559-561.
- Schouwenburg, J. Van, Walinga, 1.,1975. Methods of Analysis for plant Material. Agric Univ. Wageningen, The Netherlands. Soil Survey Staff. 1951. Soil Survey Manual USDA Handbook No.18.
- Sugiyama, N., Okutan, I. 1996. Relationship betweerf nitrate reduction and oxalate synthesis in spinach leaves. J. Plant Physiol., Vol. 149, 14-18.
- Sugiyama, N., Hı rooka, M. 1992. Relationship between oxalate and reduced N concentrations in spinach leaves. J. Japan Soc. Hort. Sci., 61, 569-574.
- Topcuoğ lu, B. 1993. Kireç ve fosforun şeker pancarı ve domateste oksalik asit olu şumu ile kimi bitki besin kapsamları üzerine etkileri. Doktora Tezi, A.Ü. Fen Bil. Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Topcuoğ lu, B., Yalç ı n, S.R., 1994. Azotlu ve fosforlu gübrelemenin ı spanak bitkisinde (spinaceae oleraceae L.) oksalik asit olu şumuna etkisi. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yı llığı , Cilt, 44 (1-2), 151-159.
- Topcuoğ lu, B., Alpaslan, M., Yalç ı n, S.R., Kasap, Y., 1996. Yapraktan CaCL2 uygulamas ı nın değişik formlarda azotla gübrelenen ı spanak bitksinde oksalik asit, nitrat ve organik bağl ı azot ile kalsiyum içerikleri üzerine etkileri. Tarı m Bilimleri Dergisi, 2 (3), 11-16.
- Ülgen, N., Yurtsever, N. 1988. Türkiye Gübre ve Gübreleme Rehberi. Tarı m Orman ve Köy i ş leri Bakanl ığı , Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğ ü, Toprak ve Gübre Ara şt ı rma Enstitüsü Yay ı nları , Genel Yay ı n No. 151, Teknik Yay ı nlar No. T-59, Ankara
- Van Der Boon, J., Steenhuizen, J.W., Steingröver, E., 1988. Effect of EC, and CL and NH4 Concentration of nutrient solutions on nitrate accumulation in lettuce. Acta Hort., 222, 35-42.
- Van Der Boon, J., Steenhuizen, J.W., Steingröver, E., 1990. Growth and nitrate concentration of lettuce as affected by total nitrogen and chloride concentration, NH4/NO3 ratio and temperature of recirculating nutrient solution. Journal of Horticultural Sci., 65(3), 309-321.
- Wooster, H.A. Jr. 1954. Nutritional data. 2 nd Ed. H.J. Heinz Co., Pitsburg, Pa. p. 124.
- Wright, M.G., Davidson, K.L., 1964. Nitrate accumulation in crops and nitrate poisoning of animals. Adv. in Agronomy, 16, 197-247.
- Yalçı n, S.R., Topcuoğ lu, B. 1994. Azot Ve fosforun paz ı bitkisinde (Beta vulgaris cicla var.) oksalik asit ve nitrat birikimi ile baz ı bitki besin maddesi içerikleri üzerine etkileri. A.Ü. Ziraat Fak. Yı ll ığı , Cilt 44, Fasikül 1-2, Ankara.
Effect of Calcium Chloride Application on Yield and Some Physical and Chemical Quality Factors in Spinach Plant Spinaceae oleraceae L. Fertilized with Ammonium Sulphate and Ammonium Nitrate
Year 1997,
Volume: 03 Issue: 03, 29 - 33, 01.08.1997
Bülent Topcuoğlu
Cihat Kütük
Köksal Demir
Mustafa Özçoban
Abstract
Aln a field experiment, yield, total oxalic acid and nitrate contents and also stoicheiometric physiologically active oxalic acid amount of spinach plant were increased by the applications of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizers. Ammonium nitrate resulted higher values than ammonium sulfate on the parameters mentioned above in spinach plant. Total oxalic acid and nitrate contents and also stoicheiometric physiologically active oxalic acid amount in spinach were decreased by the foliar calcium chloride applications. In spinach plant, no important changes were obtained on physical properties such as average plant and petiole weight and leaf length, but for important changes were obtained in total P, K and Ca contents by the nitrogenous fertilizer and CaCl2 applications.
References
- Adriaanse, A., Robbers, I.E. 1970. Uber eine modifizierte gessamtoxalat bestimmung in gemüsen. Z. LebensmUnters. U.Fors. 141, 158-160.
- Allison, R.M. 1966. Soluble oxalates, ascorbic and other constituents of rhubarb varieties. J. Sci. Fd. Agric., 17., 554-557.
- Bengtsson, B.L., Bosund, L Hilmi, A. 1966. Mineral salts and oxalate content in spinach leaves as a function of development stage. Zetischrift für Pflanzenernahrung Düngung und Bodenkunde, 115, 192-199.
- Bouyoucos, G.D. 1951. A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechonical analysisi of the soil. Agronomy Journal, 43, 434-438.
- Bremner, J.M. 1965. Methods of soil analysis, Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. In Ed. C.A.
- Black, American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Pub. Agron Series, No. 9.. Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
- Breteler, H.1973. A comparision between ammoniam and nitrate nutrition of young sugar-beet grown in nutrient solutions at constant acidity. 1. Production of dry matter, ionic balance and chemical composition. Neth. J.Agric. Sc., 21, 227-244.
- Craddock, W.M., 1983. Nitrosamines and Human cancer. Proff of an Assosciation, Nation (London), 306: 638.
- Davies, D.D. 1986. The fine control of cytosolic pH. Physiol Plant, 67, 702-706.
- Düzgünes, O. 1963. Bilimsel araştı rmalarda istatistik prensipleri ve metodlar ı . Ege Üniv. Matbaas ı , İ zmir.
- Egmond, F. van. 1971. Inorganic cations and carboxylates in young sugar-beet plants. In: Potassium in biochemistry and physiology, P. 104-117. International Potash Institude, Berne/Switzerland..
- Ehrendorfer, K. 1964. Influence of minerals, especially phosphorus, on the content of oxalic acid in spinach. Phosphorsaure, 24, 180-189.
- El Hadi, A.H.A., Anam, N., Abaido, Y. 1985. Some factors affecting the oxalic acid content of spinach. Beitrage zur Tropischen Landwirtscahft und Veterinarmedizin, 23 (1), 43-49.
- FAO, 1990. Micronutrient assesment at the country level: an international study. FAO soils bulletin by Mikko Sillanpaa, Rome.
- Grutz, W., 1953. Die oxalsaure als qualitatsfaktor beim spinat, Spinaceae deraceae. Z. pflanzenarung, Düng. Bodenkunde, 62: 34-30.
- Grutz, W. 1956. Die beziehungen zwischen phosphorsaure düngung un doxalsaurebildung in blattern von BetaRüben und Spinat. Die Phosphorsaure, 16, 181-187.
- Kacar, B. 1972. Bitki ve toprağı n kimyasal analizleri. Il. Bitki Analizleri, A.Ü. Zir.Fak. Yay ı nlar ı , 453, Uygulama Klavuzu: 155, A.Ü. Bas ı mevi Ankara.
- Kacar, B. 1994. Bitki ve topra ğın kimyasal analizleri. 111. Toprak Analizleri. A.Ü.Z.F. E ğ itim Araşt ı rma ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yay ı nlar ı , No:3, s,1-705, Bizim Büro Bas ı mevi, Ankara.
- Kirkby, E.A., Mengel, K. 1967. lonic balance in different tissues of the tomato plant in relation to nitrate, urea,or ammonium nutrition. Plant Physiology, 42, 6-14.
- Kitchen, J.W., Burns, E.E., Perry, B.A., 1964. Calcium oxalate content of spinach (Spinaceae oleraceae L.). American Soc. for Horticultural Sci., Vol. 84, 441-445.
- Krstic, B., Gebauer, G., Saric, M. 1986. Specific response of sugar-beet cultivars to different nitrogen forms. Z.Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenk., 149, 561-565
- Maercke, D.V., 1973. Effect of nitogen fertilizing on the oxalic acid content of spinach. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwatenschanggen, Rijksuniversiteit, Gent, 38 (1) 173-199.
- Margeratha, B-Z., 1989. Nitrate accumulation in vegetables and its relationship to quality. Ann. App. Biol.,115, 553- 561.
- Merkel, V.D. 1973. Der einflub des NO3:NH4-verhaitnisses in der nahrlösung auf ertrag und gehalte an organischen und anorganischen lonen von tomatenpflanzen. Zetischrift für Pflanzenernahrung und Bodenkunde, 134, 236-246.
- Raven, J.A., Smith, F.A. 1976. Nitrogen assimilation and transport in vascular land plants in relation to intracellular pH regulation. New Phytol , 76, 415-431.
- Reinink, K., 1988. Improving quality of lettuce by breeding for low nitrate content. Acta Horticulture 122, 121-128.
- Schmidt, H.A., Macdonald, H.A., Brockman, F.E. 1971. Oxalate and nitrate contents of four tropical Ieafy vegetables grown at two soil fertility levels. Agronomy Journal, 63, 559-561.
- Schouwenburg, J. Van, Walinga, 1.,1975. Methods of Analysis for plant Material. Agric Univ. Wageningen, The Netherlands. Soil Survey Staff. 1951. Soil Survey Manual USDA Handbook No.18.
- Sugiyama, N., Okutan, I. 1996. Relationship betweerf nitrate reduction and oxalate synthesis in spinach leaves. J. Plant Physiol., Vol. 149, 14-18.
- Sugiyama, N., Hı rooka, M. 1992. Relationship between oxalate and reduced N concentrations in spinach leaves. J. Japan Soc. Hort. Sci., 61, 569-574.
- Topcuoğ lu, B. 1993. Kireç ve fosforun şeker pancarı ve domateste oksalik asit olu şumu ile kimi bitki besin kapsamları üzerine etkileri. Doktora Tezi, A.Ü. Fen Bil. Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Topcuoğ lu, B., Yalç ı n, S.R., 1994. Azotlu ve fosforlu gübrelemenin ı spanak bitkisinde (spinaceae oleraceae L.) oksalik asit olu şumuna etkisi. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yı llığı , Cilt, 44 (1-2), 151-159.
- Topcuoğ lu, B., Alpaslan, M., Yalç ı n, S.R., Kasap, Y., 1996. Yapraktan CaCL2 uygulamas ı nın değişik formlarda azotla gübrelenen ı spanak bitksinde oksalik asit, nitrat ve organik bağl ı azot ile kalsiyum içerikleri üzerine etkileri. Tarı m Bilimleri Dergisi, 2 (3), 11-16.
- Ülgen, N., Yurtsever, N. 1988. Türkiye Gübre ve Gübreleme Rehberi. Tarı m Orman ve Köy i ş leri Bakanl ığı , Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğ ü, Toprak ve Gübre Ara şt ı rma Enstitüsü Yay ı nları , Genel Yay ı n No. 151, Teknik Yay ı nlar No. T-59, Ankara
- Van Der Boon, J., Steenhuizen, J.W., Steingröver, E., 1988. Effect of EC, and CL and NH4 Concentration of nutrient solutions on nitrate accumulation in lettuce. Acta Hort., 222, 35-42.
- Van Der Boon, J., Steenhuizen, J.W., Steingröver, E., 1990. Growth and nitrate concentration of lettuce as affected by total nitrogen and chloride concentration, NH4/NO3 ratio and temperature of recirculating nutrient solution. Journal of Horticultural Sci., 65(3), 309-321.
- Wooster, H.A. Jr. 1954. Nutritional data. 2 nd Ed. H.J. Heinz Co., Pitsburg, Pa. p. 124.
- Wright, M.G., Davidson, K.L., 1964. Nitrate accumulation in crops and nitrate poisoning of animals. Adv. in Agronomy, 16, 197-247.
- Yalçı n, S.R., Topcuoğ lu, B. 1994. Azot Ve fosforun paz ı bitkisinde (Beta vulgaris cicla var.) oksalik asit ve nitrat birikimi ile baz ı bitki besin maddesi içerikleri üzerine etkileri. A.Ü. Ziraat Fak. Yı ll ığı , Cilt 44, Fasikül 1-2, Ankara.