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Determination of Heat and Mass Transfer Characteristics of Greenhouse Crops by Microclimatologic Model

Year 2009, Volume: 15 Issue: 01, 65 - 73, 01.01.2009

Abstract

In this study, a mathematical model was developed to define heat and mass transfer processes by microclimatologic methods in the greenhouse crops. The crop structure was depicted by means of plant architectural parameters and distribution functions. The energy and mass balances were identified for a differential stratum of the plant stand. The model contained the processes such as the solar radiation fractions total, PAR and NIR , net radiation; water vapor and CO2 transfer for different levels of plant stand. The sensible heat flux from leaf surfaces was computed by using resistance concept according to an analogy between electrical current and heat flux, and this analogy was adapted to both water vapor and CO2 transfer. The model was simulated for a period of 24 hours using the crop stand inputs and variables. According to the simulation results, the penetration rates of total solar radiation for z=1 m and z=0 m was %49 and %32.3 respectively. The net radiation was computed as 10 and 289.4 W/m2 for simulation day. The daily integrations crop transpiration and soil evaporation were determined as 2.731 kg/m2 and 1.478 kg/m2 respectively. As a result of these integrations, the evapotranspirasyon was 4.209 kg/m2.day The validation of model was performed with regression analysis to determine correlations between simulation results and measurement data. As a consequence, the model developed can be employed as a tool determining the heat and mass transfer processes for greenhouse crops, and can be integrated with expert systems to provide a more effective climate management

References

  • Kays, W. M. and M. E. Crawford. 1993. Convective Heat and Mass Transfer. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc. p.1-601, New York.
  • Kakaç, S. and Y. Yener. 1995. Convective Heat Transfer. 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Inc., p.1-422, Florida.
  • Jacobs, A.F.G., J. H. Van Boxel and M.M. El-Kilani. 1994. Nighttime free convection characteristics within a plant canopy. Boundary -Layer Meteorology 71: 375-391.
  • Hopkins, J. G. 1995. Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley & Sons, p. 464, New York.
  • Goel, N.S. and D.E. Strebel. 1984. Simple beta distribution represantation of leaf orientation in vegetation canopies. Agronomy Journal 76: 800-802.
  • Myneni, R.B., J. Ross and G. Asrar. 1989. A review on the theory of photon transport in leaf canopies. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 45: 1-151.
  • Rosenberg, N.J., B. L. Blad and S. B. Verma. 1983. Microclimate: The Biological Environment. 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, p.495, New York.
  • Sellers, P.J. 1985. Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and transpiration. International of Journal Remote Sensing 6(8): 1335-1372.
  • Stanghellini, C.1987. Transpiration of Greenhouse Crops: an aid to climate management. Ph.D. Thesis, Agricultural University, p. 1-150, Wageningen.
  • Stanghellini, C. 1993. Mixed convection above greenhouse crop canopies. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 66: 111-117.
  • Yang, X., T. H. Short, R.D. Fox and W.L. Bauerle. 1989. The Microclimate an transpiration of a greenhouse cucumber crop. Transaction of the ASAE 32(6): 2143- 2150.
  • Yang, X., T. H. Short, R.D. Fox and W.L. Bauerle. 1990a. Dynamic modeling of the microclimate of a cucumber crop: Part 1. Theoretical model. Transaction of ASAE 33(5): 1701-1709.
  • Yang, X., T. H. Short, R.D. Fox and W.L. Bauerle. 1990b. Dynamic modeling of the microclimate of a cucumber crop: Part 2. Validation and simulation. Transaction of ASAE 33(5): 1710-1716.
  • Yang, X., K.M.Ducharme, R.J. McAvoy, G. Elliott and D.R. Miller. 1995. Effect of aerial conditions on heat and mass exchange between plants and air in greenhouses. Transaction of the ASAE 38(1):225-229.
  • Zang, L. and R. Lemeur. 1992. Effect of aerodynamic resistence on energy balance and Penman-Monteith estimates of evapotranspiration in greenhouse conditions. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 58: 209-228.

Sera içi bitki topluluklarının mikroklimatolojik modelle ısı ve kütle transferi karakteristiklerinin saptanması

Year 2009, Volume: 15 Issue: 01, 65 - 73, 01.01.2009

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, sera bitki örtüsü içindeki ısı ve kütle transferi işlemlerini mikroklimatolojik yöntemlerle tanımlayan matematiksel bir model geliştirilmiştir. Bitki yapısı bitki mimari parametreleri ve dağılım fonksiyonları ile gösterilmiştir. Bitki standının diferansiyel tabakaları için enerji ve kütle dengeleri kurulmuştur. Model bitki standının farklı derinliklerinde güneş radyasyonu fraksiyonları toplam, PAR, NIR , net radyasyon, su buharı ve CO2 taşınımı gibi işlemleri kapsamıştır. Yaprak yüzeylerinden olan ısı transferi elektriksel akım ve ısı akısı benzeşimine göre direnç kavramıyla hesaplanmıştır. Bu benzeşim su buharı ve CO2 taşınımına uyarlanmıştır. Model 24 saatlik bir zaman aralığı için stand parametreleri ve değişkenleri girilerek çalıştırılmıştır. Simülasyon sonuçlarına göre, toplam güneş radyasyonunun bitki standının z=1 m’de ve z=0m için girişim oranları sırasıyla % 49 ve %32.3’tür. Simülasyon gününde bitki standında oluşan net radyasyonun 10 ile 289.4 W/m2 aralığında değiştiği hesaplanmıştır. Bitki örtüsünden ve toprak yüzeyinden olan su buharı taşınımlarının günlük integrasyonları sırasıyla 2.731 kg/m2 ve 1.478 kg/m olup; evapotranspirasyon 4.209 kg/m2günolarak tespit edilmiştir. Simülasyon ve ölçüm bulguları arasındaki ilişkileri saptamak için modelin doğrulaması regresyon analizi yapılarak sağlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, geliştirilen model bitki standındaki ısı ve kütle transfer işlemleri için etkili bir hesaplama aracı olarak kullanılabilir. Model daha etkin iklim yönetimi için uzman sistemlerle birleştirilebilir

References

  • Kays, W. M. and M. E. Crawford. 1993. Convective Heat and Mass Transfer. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc. p.1-601, New York.
  • Kakaç, S. and Y. Yener. 1995. Convective Heat Transfer. 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Inc., p.1-422, Florida.
  • Jacobs, A.F.G., J. H. Van Boxel and M.M. El-Kilani. 1994. Nighttime free convection characteristics within a plant canopy. Boundary -Layer Meteorology 71: 375-391.
  • Hopkins, J. G. 1995. Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley & Sons, p. 464, New York.
  • Goel, N.S. and D.E. Strebel. 1984. Simple beta distribution represantation of leaf orientation in vegetation canopies. Agronomy Journal 76: 800-802.
  • Myneni, R.B., J. Ross and G. Asrar. 1989. A review on the theory of photon transport in leaf canopies. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 45: 1-151.
  • Rosenberg, N.J., B. L. Blad and S. B. Verma. 1983. Microclimate: The Biological Environment. 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, p.495, New York.
  • Sellers, P.J. 1985. Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and transpiration. International of Journal Remote Sensing 6(8): 1335-1372.
  • Stanghellini, C.1987. Transpiration of Greenhouse Crops: an aid to climate management. Ph.D. Thesis, Agricultural University, p. 1-150, Wageningen.
  • Stanghellini, C. 1993. Mixed convection above greenhouse crop canopies. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 66: 111-117.
  • Yang, X., T. H. Short, R.D. Fox and W.L. Bauerle. 1989. The Microclimate an transpiration of a greenhouse cucumber crop. Transaction of the ASAE 32(6): 2143- 2150.
  • Yang, X., T. H. Short, R.D. Fox and W.L. Bauerle. 1990a. Dynamic modeling of the microclimate of a cucumber crop: Part 1. Theoretical model. Transaction of ASAE 33(5): 1701-1709.
  • Yang, X., T. H. Short, R.D. Fox and W.L. Bauerle. 1990b. Dynamic modeling of the microclimate of a cucumber crop: Part 2. Validation and simulation. Transaction of ASAE 33(5): 1710-1716.
  • Yang, X., K.M.Ducharme, R.J. McAvoy, G. Elliott and D.R. Miller. 1995. Effect of aerial conditions on heat and mass exchange between plants and air in greenhouses. Transaction of the ASAE 38(1):225-229.
  • Zang, L. and R. Lemeur. 1992. Effect of aerodynamic resistence on energy balance and Penman-Monteith estimates of evapotranspiration in greenhouse conditions. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 58: 209-228.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mehmet Ali Dayıoğlu This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 15 Issue: 01

Cite

APA Dayıoğlu, M. A. (2009). Sera içi bitki topluluklarının mikroklimatolojik modelle ısı ve kütle transferi karakteristiklerinin saptanması. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 15(01), 65-73.

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