Fate of 14C-Aldicarb in Parasitized Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. Larvae

Year 2005, Volume: 11 Issue: 03, 316 - 320, 01.08.2005

Dilan Baysoyu Osman Tiryaki Neşet Kılınçer

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the fate of 14C-aldicarb in parasitized Spodoptera littoralis Boisd Lep.: Noctuidae larvae fed with 14C-aldicarb treated lettuce leaves. 14C-aldicarb equivalent residues were found 75.49 % , 1.14 % and 3.4 % of initially applied radioactivity in the feces of Spodoptera littoralis and cadaver, and parasitoid Chelonus oculator Panzer Hym.:Braconidae , respectively. Results showedthat aldicarb metabolized rapidly and excreted out of body by feces within 24-48 hours, before the attack of parasitoid to host organs

Keywords

Spodoptera littoralis, Chelonus oculator, 14C-aldicarb, residual toxicity

Parazitli Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. Larvalarında 14C-Aldicarbın İzlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada 14C-aldicarb uygulanmış marul yaprakları ile beslenen parazitli Spodoptera littoralis Boisd Lep.: Noctuidae larvalarında aldicarbın izlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Başlangıçta uygulanan 14C-aldicarb’ın % 75.49’u Spodoptera littoralis’ in dışkılarında, % 1.26’ sı kadavrasında ve % 3.02’ si parazitoidde Chelonus oculator Panzer Hym.:Braconidae bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, parazitoidin konukçu organlarına saldırısından önce, 48 saat içinde aldicarb’ın hızla metabolize olduğu, dışkı ile vücuttan atıldığını göstermiştir

Keywords

Spodoptera littoralis, Chelonus oculator, 14C-aldicarb, kalıntı toksisitesi

References

• Abdel-Fattah, M. I., Y. S. Salem and M. I. Abdel-Megeed. 1977. Effect of larval diet on the development and fecundity of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Z. ang. Ent. 84: 311-315.
• Andrawes, N.R., P.B. William and R.A. Herrett. 1971. Metabolism of 2-Methyl-2 (methylthio) ropionaldehyde O- (Methylcarbomyl) oxime (Temik Aldicarb Pesticide) in potato plants. J Agr. Food Chem. 19 (4): 731-737.
• Andrawes, N.R., R.R. Romine and W.P.Bagley. 1973. Metabolism and residues of temik aldicarb pesticide in cotton foliage and seed under field conditions. J Agr.Food Chem. 21 (3): 379-386.
• Anonymous 2000. Pamukta Entegre Mücadele Talimatı. T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü http:// Genel Müdürlüğü http://www.tagem.gov. tr /yeni%20web/yayınlar/kitappamuk Anonymous. 2001. The NRA Review of Aldicarb. Existing chemical review program, review series 01.2, National Registration Authority, p.47, Australia.
• Anonymous 2002. Bitki Koruma Ürünleri. T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Koruma ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü, 335 s., Ankara.
• Beyarslan, A. 1985. Türkiye’nin Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde saptanan Cheloninae (Hymenoptera; Braconidae) türleri ve yayılışı. Doğa Bil. Derg., 9 (A2): 12-19.
• Brunner, J., J. Dunley, M. Doerr and E. Beers. 2001. Effect of pesticides on Colpoclypeus florus (Hym. Eulopidae) and Trichogramma planteri (Hym: Trichogrammaidae), parasitoids of leafrollers in Washington. J.Econ.Entomol. 94 (6): 1075-1084.
• Butaye, L. and D. Degheele. 1995. Benzoylphenyl ureas effect on growth and development of Eulophus pennicornis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a larval ectoparasite of the cabbage moth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. of Econ. Ent., 88 (3): 600-605.
• Consoli, F. L., P. S. M. Botelho and J. R. P. Parra. 2001. Selectivity of insecticides to the egg parasitoid Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, 1988 (Hym: Trichogrammoidae). J.Appl.Ent. 125: 37-43.
• Delpuech, J. M., E. Gareau, O. Terrier and P. Fouillet. 1998. Sublethal effects of the insecticide chlorpyrifos on the sex pheromonal communication of Trichogramma brassicae. Chemosphere, 36 (8): 1775-1785.
• Erb, S. L., R. S. Bourchier, K. Van Frankenhuyzen and S. M. Smith. 2001. Sublethal effects of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. kurstaki on Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and the tachinid parasitoid Compsilura concinnata (Diptera: Tachinidae). Environmental Entomology, 30 (6): 1174-1181.
• Erol, T. ve N. Kılınçer. 1986. Bazı insektisidlerin pupa asalağı Pimpla Turionellae L. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae)’ye etkileri üzerinde araştırmalar. Türkiye I. Biyolojik Mücadele Kongresi, s. 123-137, 12-14 Şubat, Adana.
• Floate, K. D. and A. S. Fox. 1999. Indirect effects of ivermectin residues across trophic levels: Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) and Muscidifurax zaraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 89: 225- 229.
• Grossniklaus-Bürgin, C., T. Wyler, R. Pfister-Wilhelm and B. Lanzrein. 1994. Biology and morphology of parasitoid Chelonus inanitus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and effect on the development of its host Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Invertebrata Reproduction and Development, 25 (2): 143-158.
• Haseeb, M. and H. Amano. 2002. Effects of contact, oral and persistent toxicity of selected pesticides on Cotesia plutellae (Hym., Braconidae), a potential parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lep., Plutellidae). J.Appl.Ent.,126: 8-13.
• Hill, T. A. and B. E. Foster. 2000. Effect of insecticides on the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its parasitoid Ichneumonidae). J. Econ. Entomol., 93 (3): 763-768.
• http://www.abcbirds.org/pesticides/Profiles/aldicarb.htm 2005.
• IAEA. 1991. Laboratory training manual on the use of nuclear and associated techniques in pesticide research. Technical Report Series No.329. Internati-onal Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, p.264.
• Iqbal, M. and D. J. Wright. 1996. Host resistance to insecticides can confer protection to endo-larval parasitoids. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 86: 721-723.
• Jones, D. 1987. Material from adult female Chelonus sp. direct expression of altered developmental programme of host Lepidoptera. J. Insect Physiol. 33 (2): 129-134.
• Jones, W. A., M. A. Ciomperlik and D. A. Wolfenbarger. 1998. Lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on two parasitoids attacking Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Biological Control, 11: 70-76.
• Kılınçer, N., Çobanoğlu, S. ve Gürkan, M. O. 1990. Bazı pestisitlerin doğal düşmanlardan Trichogramma turkeiensis Kostadinov ve Phytoseiulus persimilis A. H.’e laboratuvar koşullarında yan etkileri. Türkiye II. Biyolojik Mücadele Kongresi, s. 273-281, 26-29 Eylül, Ankara.
• Kramarz, P. and J. D. Stark. 2003. Population level effects of cadmium and the insecticide imidacloprid to the parasitoid, Aphidius ervi after exposure through its host, the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Biological Control 27: 310- 314.
• Langhof, M., A. Gathmann, H. Poehling and R. Meyhöfer. 2003. Impact of insecticide drift on aphids and their parasitoids: residual toxicity, persistence and recolonisation. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 94: 265-274.
• Langley, M. and J.D. Stark. 1996. Analytical techniques for quantifying direct, residual and oral exposure of an insect parasitoid to an organophosphate insecticide. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 57: 683-690.
• Metcalf, R.L., T.R. Fukuto, C. Collins, K. Borck, J. Burk, H. T. Reynolds and M.F. Osman. 1966. Metabolism of 2-Methy - 2-(methylthio)-propionaldehyde O-(Methylcar-bamoyl) - oxime in plant and insect. J Agr. Food Chem. 14 (6): 579- 584.
• Neumann, R. and W. Guyer. 1987. Biochemical and toxicological differences in the modes of action of ben-zoylphenyl ureas. Pesticide Science. 20: 147-156.
• Özkan, C. and D. Özmen. 2001. A new record for Turkish fauna Chelonus oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its two new hosts. Turk. Entomol. Derg. 25 (4): 263-265.
• Özyardımcı, B. 2002. Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)’in değişik popülasyonlarında chlorpyrifosa duyarlılık farklarının radyoizotop izleme tekniği ile saptanması üzerinde araştırmalar. Doktora tezi, Ankara Universitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, p. 80.
• Patel, J. C. and R. C. Patel. 1971. Studies on the biology of Chelonus heliopae Gupta, an egg-larval parasite of Spodoptera litura (F.). Indian J. Ent., 33 (1): 50-54.
• Rebek, E.J. and C.S. Sadof. 2003. Effects of pesticide applications on the euonymus scale (Hymenoptera: Diaspididae) and its parasitoid, Encarsia citrina (Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae). J Econ Entomol. 96 (2): 446- 452.
• Rechav, Y. and T. Orion. 1975. The development of the immature stages of Chelonus inanitus. Annals of the Ent. Soc. Am. 68 (3): 457-462.
• Stansly, P. A. and T. X. Liu. 1997. Selectivity of insecticides to Encarsia pergandiella (Hym: Aphelinidae), an endoparasitoid of Bemisia argentifolii (Hem: Aleyrodidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 87: 525-531.
• Stapel, J.O., A.M. Cortesero and W.J. Lewis. 2000. Dist-ruptive sublethal effects of insecticides on biological control: Altered foraging ability and life span of a parasitoid after feeding on extra floral nectar of cotton treated with systemic insecticides. Biological Control 17: 243-249.
• Symington, C. A. 2003. Lethal and sublethal effects of pesticides on the potato tuber moth, Phthorimae operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and its parasitoid Orgilus lepidus Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Crop Protection 22: 513-519.
• Takada, Y., S. Kawamura and T.Tanaka. 2001. Effects of various Insecticides on the development of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma dendrolimi (Hym, Trichogrammatidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 94 (6): 1340-1343.
• Tang, Y. Q., III, A. A. Weathersbee and R. T. Mayer. 2002. Effect of neem seed extract on the brown citrus aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Environmental Entomology 31 (2): 172-176.
• Tilmann, P. G. and J. E. Mulrooney. 2000. Effect of selected insecticides on the natural enemies Coleomegilla maculata and Hippodamia convergens (Col: Coccinellidae) Geocoris punctipes (Hemip. Lygaeidae), and Bracon mellitor, Cardiochiles nigriceps and Cotesia marginiventris (Hym: Braconidae) in cotton. J.Econ.Entomol. 93 (6): 1638-1643.
• Tunçbilek, A.Ş., M.B. Halitligil and P. Aysal. 1997. Pamuk bitkisinde Aldicarb (Temik 15 G) kalıntısının incelenmesi.Turk J. Agric. For. 21: 295-298.
• Williams III, L., L. D. Price, and V. Manrique. 2003. Toxicity of field-weathered insecticide residues to Anaphes iole (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae), and implications for inundative biological control in cotton. Biological Control 26: 217-223.
• Worthing, C.R. and J.R. Hance. 2001. The Pesticide Manual, Aldicarb. British Crop Protection Council. 12 th Edition, Farnham, Surrey GU9 7PH, UK.
• Yiğit, A. N. Uygun. 1986. Elma bahçelerinde kullanılan bazı tarımsal savaş ilaçlarının avcı böcek Stethorus punctillum Weise (Col., Coccinellidae)’a etkileri üzerinde araştırmalar. Türkiye I. Biyolojik Mücadele Kongresi, s. 423-434, 12-14 Şubat, Adana.