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Yonca Medicago sativa L. ’da Somatik Embriyogenesis Aracılığıyla Bitki Rejenerasyonu

Year 2005, Volume: 11 Issue: 03, 311 - 315, 01.08.2005

Abstract

Dünya’da en çok yetiştirilen yem bitkisi olan yonca, geniş adaptasyon yeteneğine sahip, çiftlik hayvanları için lezzetli, beslenme ve sindirme değeri yüksek ot üreten önemli bir bitkidir. Bu araştırmada yoncanın yüksek rejenerasyon yeteneğine sahip “verco” çeşidinde eksplantların ve uygulanan farklı protokollerin somatik embriyogenesise etkisi araştırılmıştır. Beş farklı eksplant hipokotil, kotileden, gövde, yaprak ve yaprak sapı iki farklı protokol uygulanarak kültüre alınmıştır. Eksplant kaynağı ile uygulanan protokoller arasında anlamlı farklılığın bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. I. protokolde eksplantlar ilk olarak 1 mg/l adenin, 1 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.2 mg/l kinetin içeren B5h besin ortamında kültüre alınmıştır. Bu ortamda gelişen kalluslar 21 gün sonra önce 11 mg/l 2,4-D ve 2 mg/l kinetin içeren SH besin ortamına, daha sonra da Boi2y besin ortamına alınmıştır. Gelişen embriyo toplulukları MSO besin ortamında alt kültüre alınarak bitkicik gelişimi gözlenmiştir. Bu denemede en fazla eksplant başına somatik embriyo 78 adet ile hipokotil eksplantından elde edilmiştir. II. protokolde ise, ilk olarak 4 mg/l 2,4-D içeren B5h besin ortamında kültüre alınan eksplantlar 8 hafta sonra hormonsuz B5h besin ortamına aktarılmıştır. MSO besin ortamında alt kültüre alınan ambriyolar bitkiye dönüşmüştür. Bu denemede ise en fazla eksplant başına somatik embriyo yaprak eksplantından 94 adet elde edilmiştir

References

  • Atanassov, A. I. ve D. C. W. Brown. 1984. Plant regeneration from suspension culture and mesophyII protoplasts of Medicago sativa L. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cul., 3: 149-162.
  • Brown, D. C .W., LA. Frost, EM. Koehl and AI. Atanassov. 1984. Germplasm determination of in vitro somatic embryogenesis in Medicago. International Symposium Plant Tissue and Cell Culture Application to Crop Improvement. Czechoslovakıa, 24-29 september, 137-138.
  • Chen, T. H. H. and J. Marowitch. 1987. Screening of Medicago falcata germplasm for in vitro regeneration. J. Plant Physiol. 128: 271-277.
  • Hammad, A. H. A., E. Piccioni and A. Standardi. 1993. Effect of explant type and media composition on callus production and somatic embryogenesis in two alfalfa varieties. Agricoltura-Mediterranean 123 (3): 231-235.
  • Lupotto, E. 1983. Propagation of an embryogenic culture of Medicago sativa L. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. Bd.111: 95-104.
  • McKenzie, P. J. S. and P. D. Walton, 1985. Embryogenesis and plant regeneration of Medicago spp. in tissue culture. Plant Cell Rep. 5: 77-80.
  • Meijer, E. G. M. and D. C. W. Brown. 1985. Screening of diploid M. sativa germplasm for somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Rep. 4: 285-288.
  • Moursy, H. A., M. E. A. Haggag, S. A. Ghanem and M.R. Rady. 1995. Callus induction and plant regeneration of alfalfa. Egyptian Journal of Agronomy 20 (1-2): 179-189.
  • Murashige, T. and F. Skoog. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-497.
  • Okumura, K., K. Oosawa and T. Takai. 1993. Effect of explant sources on somatic embryogenesis in alfalfa. Bulletin of the National Grassland Research Institute No: 47: 23-28.
  • Pierik, R. L. M. 1987. In vitro culture of higher plants. Kluwer Academic Publishers, MTP Press Limited, Hingham USA. 697-792.
  • Reisch B. and E. T. Bingham. 1980. The genetic control of bud formation from callus cultures of diploid alfalfa. Plant Science Lett. 20: 71-77.
  • Scarpa, G. M., F. Pupilli, F. Damiani and S. Arcionib. 1993. Plant regeneration from callus and protoplasts in Medicago polymorpha. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 35: 49-57.
  • Schenk, B. U. and A. C. Hildebrandt. 1972. Medium and Techniques for Induction and Growth of Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous Plant Cell Culture. Can J. Bot., 50:199- 204.
  • Sharp, W., D. A. Evans and M. R. Sondahl. 1982. Application of somatic embriyogenesis to crop improvement. In: Fujiwara, A. (ed), Plant Tissue Culture, 1983, Proceedings of the fifth International Congress of Plant Tissue Culture, Japanese Association for Plant Tissue Culture, Tokyo, 759-762.
  • Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Cochran. 1967. Statistical Methods. The Lowa State University Pess, Iowa, USA.
  • Sorenses, E. L., H. Liu, Y. Wan and G. H. Liang. 1989. Registration of KS206 alfalfa germplasm with high in vitro regeneration of plants. Crop Science 29 (6): 1576-1577.
  • Suginobu, K. I., T. Takamizo, H. Hayashi ve S. Abe. 1991. Effects of genotype medium and nature of the eksplant on the formation of callus and somatic embryos in alfalfa. Journal of Japenese Society of Grassland Science 36 (4): 390-403.

Plant Regeneration Through Somatic Embryogenesis in Alfalfa Medicago sativa L.

Year 2005, Volume: 11 Issue: 03, 311 - 315, 01.08.2005

Abstract

Alfalfa is one of the world’s most productive forage crops and has wide adaptation because of highly nutritious fodder for farm animals. Regeneration capacity of various explants of cv. verco using various protocols was studied to evaluate their effects. Five explants hypocotyl, cotyledon, stem, leaf and petiole were cultured to evaulate two protocols. An interaction was observed between the source of explants and applied protocols. The explant were cultured on B5h medium containing 1 mg/l adenine, 1 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/l kinetin in the first protocol. After 21 days the regenerating calli were first subcultured in SH medium containing 11 mg/l 2,4-D and 2 mg/l kinetin. Subsequently they were transferred to Boi2y medium. Developing embryonic culusters were transferred to MSO medium for recovery. The highest number of 78 somatic embryos were obtained from hypocotly. In the 2nd protocol, the explants were cultured in B5h medium containing 4 mg/l 2,4-D for 8 weeks initially and then moved to plant growth regulator free B5h medium. The plants were recovered from embryos in MSO medium. The highest number of 94 embryos were obtained from leaf explants

References

  • Atanassov, A. I. ve D. C. W. Brown. 1984. Plant regeneration from suspension culture and mesophyII protoplasts of Medicago sativa L. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cul., 3: 149-162.
  • Brown, D. C .W., LA. Frost, EM. Koehl and AI. Atanassov. 1984. Germplasm determination of in vitro somatic embryogenesis in Medicago. International Symposium Plant Tissue and Cell Culture Application to Crop Improvement. Czechoslovakıa, 24-29 september, 137-138.
  • Chen, T. H. H. and J. Marowitch. 1987. Screening of Medicago falcata germplasm for in vitro regeneration. J. Plant Physiol. 128: 271-277.
  • Hammad, A. H. A., E. Piccioni and A. Standardi. 1993. Effect of explant type and media composition on callus production and somatic embryogenesis in two alfalfa varieties. Agricoltura-Mediterranean 123 (3): 231-235.
  • Lupotto, E. 1983. Propagation of an embryogenic culture of Medicago sativa L. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. Bd.111: 95-104.
  • McKenzie, P. J. S. and P. D. Walton, 1985. Embryogenesis and plant regeneration of Medicago spp. in tissue culture. Plant Cell Rep. 5: 77-80.
  • Meijer, E. G. M. and D. C. W. Brown. 1985. Screening of diploid M. sativa germplasm for somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Rep. 4: 285-288.
  • Moursy, H. A., M. E. A. Haggag, S. A. Ghanem and M.R. Rady. 1995. Callus induction and plant regeneration of alfalfa. Egyptian Journal of Agronomy 20 (1-2): 179-189.
  • Murashige, T. and F. Skoog. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-497.
  • Okumura, K., K. Oosawa and T. Takai. 1993. Effect of explant sources on somatic embryogenesis in alfalfa. Bulletin of the National Grassland Research Institute No: 47: 23-28.
  • Pierik, R. L. M. 1987. In vitro culture of higher plants. Kluwer Academic Publishers, MTP Press Limited, Hingham USA. 697-792.
  • Reisch B. and E. T. Bingham. 1980. The genetic control of bud formation from callus cultures of diploid alfalfa. Plant Science Lett. 20: 71-77.
  • Scarpa, G. M., F. Pupilli, F. Damiani and S. Arcionib. 1993. Plant regeneration from callus and protoplasts in Medicago polymorpha. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 35: 49-57.
  • Schenk, B. U. and A. C. Hildebrandt. 1972. Medium and Techniques for Induction and Growth of Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous Plant Cell Culture. Can J. Bot., 50:199- 204.
  • Sharp, W., D. A. Evans and M. R. Sondahl. 1982. Application of somatic embriyogenesis to crop improvement. In: Fujiwara, A. (ed), Plant Tissue Culture, 1983, Proceedings of the fifth International Congress of Plant Tissue Culture, Japanese Association for Plant Tissue Culture, Tokyo, 759-762.
  • Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Cochran. 1967. Statistical Methods. The Lowa State University Pess, Iowa, USA.
  • Sorenses, E. L., H. Liu, Y. Wan and G. H. Liang. 1989. Registration of KS206 alfalfa germplasm with high in vitro regeneration of plants. Crop Science 29 (6): 1576-1577.
  • Suginobu, K. I., T. Takamizo, H. Hayashi ve S. Abe. 1991. Effects of genotype medium and nature of the eksplant on the formation of callus and somatic embryos in alfalfa. Journal of Japenese Society of Grassland Science 36 (4): 390-403.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sema Erişen This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2005
Submission Date August 1, 2005
Published in Issue Year 2005 Volume: 11 Issue: 03

Cite

APA Erişen, S. (2005). Yonca Medicago sativa L. ’da Somatik Embriyogenesis Aracılığıyla Bitki Rejenerasyonu. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 11(03), 311-315.

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