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Hücre Duvarını Parçalayıcı Enzimlerin Yonca Silajlarının Fermantasyon Özellikleri, Hücre Duvarı Kapsamı ve Aerobik Stabiliteleri Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2001, Volume: 07 Issue: 03, 81 - 87, 01.08.2001
https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000000652

Abstract

Bu çal ışma, silaj katk ı maddesi olarak kullan ı lan hücre duvar ı n ı parçalay ı cı enzimlerin yonca Medicago sativa silaj ı n ı n fermantasyon özellikleri, hücre duvar ı kapsamları ve aerobik stabiliteleri üzerindeki etkilerinin saptanmas ı amac ı yla düzenlenmiştir. Araşt ı rmada kullan ı lan yonca yakla şı k % 10-20 çiçeklenme döneminde hasat edilmiştir. Hücre duvar ı n ı parçalay ı c ı enzim olarak ise sellülaz Cellulast®, Novo Nordisk, Denmark ile hemisellülaz ve pektinaz Viscozyme®, Novo Nordisk, Denmark kullan ı lmışt ı r. Üretici firma Novo Nordisk, Denmark taraf ı ndan enzimlerin aktiviteleri sellülaz için 1500 NCU mr 1 Novo cellulase units , hemisellülaz ve pektinaz için ise 120 FBG mr 1 p-glucanase units olarak bildirilmiştir. Enzimler yoncaya % 0.025 0.0375 NCU Cellulast® ve 0.03 FBG fungal Viscozyme® , % 0.05 0.075 NCU Cellulast® ve 0.06 FBG Viscozyme® ve % 0.1 0.15 NCU Cellulast® ve 0.12 FBG Viscozyme® düzeyinde kat ı lmışlard ı r. Yonca yaln ı zca gaz ç ı kışı na olanak tan ı yan, 1.5 litrelik özel cam kavanozlarda silolanm ıştı r. Kavanozlar laboratuvar koşulları nda 25±2 *C' de depolanm ışlard ı r. Silolamadan sonraki 2, 8, 15 ve 50. günlerde her gruptan 3' er kavanoz aç ı larak kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik analizler yap ı lmışt ı r. Silolama döneminin sonunda 50. gün aç ı lan tüm silajlar 5 gün süre ile aerobik stabilite testine tabi tutulmu şlard ı r. Sonuç olarak; sellülaz Cellulast® , hemisellülaz ve pektinaz Viscozyme® gibi hücre duvar ı n ı parçalay ı cı enzimlerin yonca silajlar ı n ı n fermantasyon özelliklerini geli ştirdiği, hücre duvar ı kapsamlar ı n ı azaltt ığı , aerobik stabilitelerini ise etkilemedi ği saptanmışt ı r.

References

  • AOAC., 1980. Offıcial Methods of Analysis. 13thEdition. Association of Offıcial Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
  • Ashbell, G., Z. G. Weinberg, A. Azrieli, Y. Hen and B. Horev, 1991. A simple system to study the aerobic deterioration of silages. Can. Agric. Eng., 33:391-393.
  • Bolsen, K. K., H. J. Ilg and D. E. Axe., 1980. Additives for alfalfa silage. J. Anim. Sci. 51 (Suppl. 1):230. (Abstr.)
  • Chamberlain, D. G. and S. Robertson., 1989. The effects of various enzyme mixtures as silage additives on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows, Br. Grassl. Soc. Occas. Symp. 23:187.
  • Chen, J., M. R. Stokes and C. R. Wallace., 1994. Effects of enzyme-inoculant systems on preservation and nutritive value of haycrop and corn silages. J. Dairy Sci. 77:501-512.
  • Dubois, M., K A. Giles, J. K Hamilton, P. A. Rebes and F. Smith., 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem., 28:350-356.
  • Filya, İ ., 2000. Silaj fermantasyonunda katk ı maddeleri kullan ı m ı . Ondokuz May ı s ()Mı/. Zir. Fak. Derg., 15(3):118-125.
  • Filya, İ . , G. Ashbell, Y. Hen and Z. G. Weinberg., 2000. The effect of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole crop wheat silage. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol., 88:39-46.
  • Filya, I., G. Ashbell, Z. G. Weinberg and Y. Hen., 2001. Cell-wall degrading enzymes benefı cial for silages. FEEDSTUFFS. Nutrition and Health/Dairy. 73:11. pp. 13-14.
  • Henderson, A. R., R. McGinn, A. P. Stanway and C. A. Morgan., 1991. A technique designed to evaluate commercial polysaccharide degrading enzymes as additives for grass silage. Proc. 5thInt. Symp. Forage Preservation, Nitra, Czechoslovakia, pp. 92-95.
  • Jaakkola, S., 1990. The effect of cell wall degrading enzymes on the preservation of grass and on the silage intake and digestibility in sheep. J. Agric. Sci. Finl. 62:51.
  • Jaakkola, S., P. Huhtanen and K Hissa., 1991. The effect of cell wall degrading enzymes or formic acid on fermentation quality and on digestion of grass silage by cattle. Grass Forage Sci. 46:75.
  • McDonald, P., A. R. Henderson and S. J. E. Heron., 1991. The Biochemistry of Silage (2nded.). Chalcombe publ., Church Lane, Kingston, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
  • Muck, R. E., 1993. The role of silage additives in making high quality silage. In: Proc. Nat. Silage Prod. Conf. NRAES-67, Ithaca, New York. pp. 106-116.
  • Rauramaa, A., J. Setala, T. Moisio, T. Heikkila and M. Lampila., 1987. The effect of inoculants and cellulase on the fermentation and microbiological composition of grass silage. 1. Biochemical changes in the silages. J. Agric. Sci. Finl. 59:361.
  • SAS., 1988. Statistical Analysis System ®. Users Guide: Statistics, Version 6 Edition. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Selmer-Olsen, I., A. R. Henderson, S. Robertson and R. McGinn., 1993a. Cell wall degrading enzymes for silage. I. The fermentation of enzyme-treated ryegrass in laboratory silos. Grass Forage Sci., 48:45-54.
  • Selmer-Olsen, L, A. R. Henderson, S. Robertson and R. McGinn., 1993b. Cell wall degrading enzymes for silage. Il. Aerobic stability of enzyme-treated ryegrass in laboratory silos. Grass Forage Sci., 48:55-63.
  • Selmer-Olsen, I., 1994. Enzymes as silage additives for grassclover mixtures. Grass Forage Sci., 49:305-315.
  • Spoelstra, S. F., 1991. Chemical and biological additives in forage conservation. In: G. Pahlow and H. Honig (Editors), Proc. of a Conference on Forage Conservation towards 2000. Braunschweig, Germany, pp. 48-70.
  • Stokes, M. R. and M. K Dhar., 1991. Effects of two commercial enzyme additives on the preservation and nutritive value of hay crop silage. J. Dairy Sci. 74 (Suppl.):314. (Abstr.)
  • Stokes, M. R., 1992. Effects on an enzyme mixture, an inoculant, and their interaction on silage fermentation on silage fermentation and dairy production. J. Dairy Sci. 75:764.
  • Tengerdy, R. P., Z. G. Weinberg, G. Szakacs, M. Wu, J. C. Linden, L. L. Henk and D. E. Johnson., 1991. Ensiling alfalfa with additives of lactic acid bacteria and enzymes. J. Sci. Food Agric., 55:215-228.
  • Van Soest, P. J., 1982. Analytical systems for evaluation of feeds. In: P. J. Van Soest (Editor), N ııtritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Comell University Press, Ithaca, NY, Chapter 6, pp. 75-94.
  • Van Vuuren, A. M., K. Bergsma, F Frol-Kramer and J. A. C. Van Beers., 1989. Effects of addition of cell wall degrading enzymes on the chemical composition and the in sacco degradation of silage. Grass Forage Sci. 44:223.
  • Weinberg, Z. G., G. Szakacs, J. C. Linden and R. P. Tengerdy., 1990. Recovery of protein and chlorophyll from alfalfa by simuftaneous lactic acid fermentation and enzyme hydrolysis (ENLAC). Enzyme Microbial Technol., 12:921- 925.
  • Weinberg Z. G., G. Ashbell, A. Azrieli and I. Brukental., 1993. Ensiling peas, ryegrass and wheat with additives of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cell wall degrading enzymes. Grass Forage Sci., 48:70-78.
  • Weinberg Z. G., G. Ashbell, Y. Hen and A. Azrieli., 1995. The effect of cellulase and hemicellulase plus pectinase on the aerobic stability and fı bre analysis of peas and wheat silages. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 55:287-293.

The Effects of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes on the Fermentation Characteristics, Cell Wall Contents and Aerobic Stabilities of Alfalfa Silages

Year 2001, Volume: 07 Issue: 03, 81 - 87, 01.08.2001
https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000000652

Abstract

This research was carried out to determine the effects of cell wall degrading enzymes using as silage additives on the fermentation characteristics, cell wall contents and aerobic stabilities of alfalfa Medicago sativa silages. Alfalfa was harvested at about 10-20 % bloom stage. Cellulase Cellulast®, Novo Nordisk, Denmark and hemicellulase and pectinase Viscozyme®, Novo Nordisk, Denmark were used as cell wall degrading enzymes. The enzyme activities stated by manifacturer's 1500 NCU mr l Novo cellulase units for cellulase and 120 FBG mr' fungal 13-glucanase units for hemicellulase and pectinase. The enzymes were applied to alfalfa at 0.025 % 0.0375 NCU Cellulast® and 0.03 FBG Viscozyme® , 0.05 % 0.075 NCU Cellulast® and 0.06 FBG Viscozyme® and 0.1 % 0.15 NCU Cellulast® and 0.12 FBG Viscozyme® . Alfalfa was ensiled in 1.5 Ilter special glass jars equipped with a lid that enables gas release only. The jars were stored at 25±2 °C at laboratory conditions. Three jars from each group were sampled for chemical and microbiological analyses on the days 2, 8, 15 and 50 after ensiling. All silages were opened at the end of the ensiling period 50 days and subjected to an aerobic stability test for 5 days. As a result, cell wall degrading enzymes like cellulase Cellulast® and hemicellulase and pectinase Viscozyme® improved fermentation characteristics, decreased cell wall contents and did not effect aerobic stability of alfalfa silages.

References

  • AOAC., 1980. Offıcial Methods of Analysis. 13thEdition. Association of Offıcial Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
  • Ashbell, G., Z. G. Weinberg, A. Azrieli, Y. Hen and B. Horev, 1991. A simple system to study the aerobic deterioration of silages. Can. Agric. Eng., 33:391-393.
  • Bolsen, K. K., H. J. Ilg and D. E. Axe., 1980. Additives for alfalfa silage. J. Anim. Sci. 51 (Suppl. 1):230. (Abstr.)
  • Chamberlain, D. G. and S. Robertson., 1989. The effects of various enzyme mixtures as silage additives on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows, Br. Grassl. Soc. Occas. Symp. 23:187.
  • Chen, J., M. R. Stokes and C. R. Wallace., 1994. Effects of enzyme-inoculant systems on preservation and nutritive value of haycrop and corn silages. J. Dairy Sci. 77:501-512.
  • Dubois, M., K A. Giles, J. K Hamilton, P. A. Rebes and F. Smith., 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem., 28:350-356.
  • Filya, İ ., 2000. Silaj fermantasyonunda katk ı maddeleri kullan ı m ı . Ondokuz May ı s ()Mı/. Zir. Fak. Derg., 15(3):118-125.
  • Filya, İ . , G. Ashbell, Y. Hen and Z. G. Weinberg., 2000. The effect of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole crop wheat silage. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol., 88:39-46.
  • Filya, I., G. Ashbell, Z. G. Weinberg and Y. Hen., 2001. Cell-wall degrading enzymes benefı cial for silages. FEEDSTUFFS. Nutrition and Health/Dairy. 73:11. pp. 13-14.
  • Henderson, A. R., R. McGinn, A. P. Stanway and C. A. Morgan., 1991. A technique designed to evaluate commercial polysaccharide degrading enzymes as additives for grass silage. Proc. 5thInt. Symp. Forage Preservation, Nitra, Czechoslovakia, pp. 92-95.
  • Jaakkola, S., 1990. The effect of cell wall degrading enzymes on the preservation of grass and on the silage intake and digestibility in sheep. J. Agric. Sci. Finl. 62:51.
  • Jaakkola, S., P. Huhtanen and K Hissa., 1991. The effect of cell wall degrading enzymes or formic acid on fermentation quality and on digestion of grass silage by cattle. Grass Forage Sci. 46:75.
  • McDonald, P., A. R. Henderson and S. J. E. Heron., 1991. The Biochemistry of Silage (2nded.). Chalcombe publ., Church Lane, Kingston, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
  • Muck, R. E., 1993. The role of silage additives in making high quality silage. In: Proc. Nat. Silage Prod. Conf. NRAES-67, Ithaca, New York. pp. 106-116.
  • Rauramaa, A., J. Setala, T. Moisio, T. Heikkila and M. Lampila., 1987. The effect of inoculants and cellulase on the fermentation and microbiological composition of grass silage. 1. Biochemical changes in the silages. J. Agric. Sci. Finl. 59:361.
  • SAS., 1988. Statistical Analysis System ®. Users Guide: Statistics, Version 6 Edition. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Selmer-Olsen, I., A. R. Henderson, S. Robertson and R. McGinn., 1993a. Cell wall degrading enzymes for silage. I. The fermentation of enzyme-treated ryegrass in laboratory silos. Grass Forage Sci., 48:45-54.
  • Selmer-Olsen, L, A. R. Henderson, S. Robertson and R. McGinn., 1993b. Cell wall degrading enzymes for silage. Il. Aerobic stability of enzyme-treated ryegrass in laboratory silos. Grass Forage Sci., 48:55-63.
  • Selmer-Olsen, I., 1994. Enzymes as silage additives for grassclover mixtures. Grass Forage Sci., 49:305-315.
  • Spoelstra, S. F., 1991. Chemical and biological additives in forage conservation. In: G. Pahlow and H. Honig (Editors), Proc. of a Conference on Forage Conservation towards 2000. Braunschweig, Germany, pp. 48-70.
  • Stokes, M. R. and M. K Dhar., 1991. Effects of two commercial enzyme additives on the preservation and nutritive value of hay crop silage. J. Dairy Sci. 74 (Suppl.):314. (Abstr.)
  • Stokes, M. R., 1992. Effects on an enzyme mixture, an inoculant, and their interaction on silage fermentation on silage fermentation and dairy production. J. Dairy Sci. 75:764.
  • Tengerdy, R. P., Z. G. Weinberg, G. Szakacs, M. Wu, J. C. Linden, L. L. Henk and D. E. Johnson., 1991. Ensiling alfalfa with additives of lactic acid bacteria and enzymes. J. Sci. Food Agric., 55:215-228.
  • Van Soest, P. J., 1982. Analytical systems for evaluation of feeds. In: P. J. Van Soest (Editor), N ııtritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Comell University Press, Ithaca, NY, Chapter 6, pp. 75-94.
  • Van Vuuren, A. M., K. Bergsma, F Frol-Kramer and J. A. C. Van Beers., 1989. Effects of addition of cell wall degrading enzymes on the chemical composition and the in sacco degradation of silage. Grass Forage Sci. 44:223.
  • Weinberg, Z. G., G. Szakacs, J. C. Linden and R. P. Tengerdy., 1990. Recovery of protein and chlorophyll from alfalfa by simuftaneous lactic acid fermentation and enzyme hydrolysis (ENLAC). Enzyme Microbial Technol., 12:921- 925.
  • Weinberg Z. G., G. Ashbell, A. Azrieli and I. Brukental., 1993. Ensiling peas, ryegrass and wheat with additives of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cell wall degrading enzymes. Grass Forage Sci., 48:70-78.
  • Weinberg Z. G., G. Ashbell, Y. Hen and A. Azrieli., 1995. The effect of cellulase and hemicellulase plus pectinase on the aerobic stability and fı bre analysis of peas and wheat silages. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 55:287-293.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ismail Fılya This is me

Gilad Ashbell This is me

Zwi G. Weınberg This is me

Yaira Hen This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2001
Submission Date August 1, 2001
Published in Issue Year 2001 Volume: 07 Issue: 03

Cite

APA Fılya, I., Ashbell, G., Weınberg, Z. G., Hen, Y. (2001). Hücre Duvarını Parçalayıcı Enzimlerin Yonca Silajlarının Fermantasyon Özellikleri, Hücre Duvarı Kapsamı ve Aerobik Stabiliteleri Üzerine Etkileri. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 07(03), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000000652

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