The performance of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Parasitoids Feeding on Honey Sources

Year 2021, Volume: 27 Issue: 4, 400 - 406, 04.12.2021

Aydın Tunçbilek Hüsniye Bilbil Sevgi Bakır Sibel Silici

https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.702736

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The effectiveness of parasitoids as organism for biological control is at times limited by food sources. Most of parasitoids rely on carbohydrate foods to enhance their longevity and reproductive capacity. Honey is the miraculous product of honey bees and is naturally delicious. A preliminary study was conducted on the use of different kinds of honey as food sources for the Trichogramma species. The value of honey as a food source for Trichogramma was evaluated by testing the influence of several honey diets on parasitism and longevity in the laboratory. The most commonly available honey is made from a variety of flowers, pine, citrus, chestnut, sunflower, and cotton. Trichogramma females fed on chestnut and sunflower honey parasitized relatively more than when fed on citrus honey. Trichogramma females fed on flower, sunflower, and citrus honey survived drastically longer than females fed on chestnut and pine honey. These results showed that supplying sugar, sunflower, and flower honey to Trichogramma resulted in greater longevity and total fecundity. Overall, feeding Trichogramma females on different kinds of honey had a negligible effect on parasitization but did certainly affect longevity. Of the Trichogramma species evaluated, T. brassicae appears to be the most suitable parasitoids regarding high parasitization and longer life span.

Keywords

Fecundity, honey, longevity, parasitization, Trichogramma

Supporting Institution

This work has been supported by Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Project Number

FYL-2017-7304

References

• Adler P H (1989). Sugar feeding of the adult corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the laboratory. Journal of Economic Entomology 82: 1344-1349.
• Alavarez-Suarez J M, Tulipani S, Romandini S, Bertoli E & Battino M (2009). Contribution of honey in nutrition and human health: a review. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 3: 15-23.
• Ashley T R & Gonzales D (1974). Effect of various food substances on longevity and fecundity of Trichogramma. Environmental Entomology 3: 169-171.
• Bourarach K & Hawlitzky N (1989). Comparative study of the biological potential of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood and Trichogrammatoidea lutea Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Entomophaga 34: 95-104.
• Consoli F L & Parra J R P (1999). In vitro rearing of parasitoids: constraints and perspectives. Trends Entomology 2: 19-32.
• Çınar N, Tuncbilek A S & Bakır S (2015). Comparative Effects of Flower Nectar and Artificial Diets on some Biological Aspects of the Parasitoid Species Bracon hebetor (Say.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 25(1): 233-236. Echingo T & Takenaka T (1974). Production of organic acids in honey by honey bees. Journal of Agriculture Chemical Society Japan 48: 225-230.
• Fischer K & Fiedler K (2001). Effects of adult feeding and temperature regime on fecundity and longevity in the butterfly Lycaena hippothoe (Lycaenidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 54: 91-95.
• Gehan E (1965). A generalized Wilcoxon test for comparing arbitrarily singly-censored Samples. Biometrika 52: 203-223.
• Gheldof N, Wang X H & Engeseth N J (2002). Identification and quantification of antioxidant components of honey from various floral sources. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50: 5870-5877.
• Graebner L, Moreno D S & Baritelle J. L (1984). The Fillmore citrus protective district: a success story in integrated pest management. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 30: 27-33.
• Guerra A A, Robacker K M & Martinez S (1993). In vitro rearing of Bracon mellitor and Catolaccus grandis with artificial diets devoid of insect components. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 68: 303-307.
• Hainsworth F R, Precup E & Hamill T (1991). Feeding, energy processing rates and egg production in painted lady butterflies. Journal of Experimental Biology 156: 249-265.
• Harvey J A (2008). Comparing and contrasting development and reproductive strategies in the pupal hyperparasitoids Lysibia nana and Gelis agilis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Evolutionary Ecology 22: 153-166.
• Harvey J A, Cloutier J, Visser B, Ellers J, Wäckers F L & Gols R (2012). The effect of different dietary sugars and honey on longevity and fecundity in two hyperparasitoid wasps. Journal of Insect Physiology 58: 816-823.
• Hassan S A (1993). The mass rearing and utilization of Trichogramma to control Lepidopterous pests. Achievements and outluk Pesticides Sciences 37: 287-391.
• Heimpel G E & Jervis M A (2005). Does Floral Nectar Improve Biological Control by Parasitoids? 267-304. In: E L Wacker, P C van Rijn & J. Bruin (Eds.). Plant-Provided Food for Carnivorous Insects: A Protective Mutualism and Its Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
• Hohmann C L R, Luck F, Oatman E R & Platner G R (1989). Effects of different biological factors on longevity and fecundity of Trichogramma platneri Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 18: (supplement) 61-70.
• Jervis M A & Kidd N A C (1992). The dynamic significance of host-feeding by parasitoids - what modellers ought to consider. Oikos 62: 97-99.
• Kaplan E L & Meier P (1958). Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association 53: 457-481.
• Koptur S (1992) Extrafloral Nectary-Mediated Interactions Between Insects and Plants, 81-129. In: E Bernays (Ed.). Insect-Plant Interactions vol IV. CRC, Boca Raton.
• Leatemia J A, Laing J E & Corrigan J E (1995). Effects of adult nutrition on longevity, fecundity, and offspring sex ratio of Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). The Canadian Entomologist 127: 245-254.
• Leppla N C & King E G (1996). The role of parasitoid and predator production in technology transfer of field crop biological control. Entomophaga 41: 343-360.
• Lewis W J & Takasu K (1990). Use of learned odours by a parasitic wasp in accordance with host and food needs. Nature 348: 635-636.
• Lundgren J G, Heimpel G E & Bomgren S A (2002). Comparison of Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) augmentation with organic and synthetic pesticides for control of cruciferous Lepidoptera. Environmental Entomology 31: 1231-1239.
• Marec F, Kollarova I & Pavelka J (1999). Radiation-induced ınherited sterility combined with a genetic sexing system in Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Annual Entomology Society of America 92: 250-259.
• Martos I, Ferreres F & Tomás-Barberán F A (2000). Identification of flavonoid markers for the botanical origin of eucalyptus honey. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48: 1498-1502.
• Narayanan E S & Mookherjee P B (1956). Effect of nutrition on the longevity and rate of reproduction in Trichogramma evanescens minutum Riley (Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera). The Indian Journal of Entomology 17: 376-382.
• Patt J M, Hamilton G & Lashomb J H (1999). Responses of two parasitoid wasps to nectar odors as a function of experience. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 90: 1-8.
• Shearer P W & Atanassov A (2004). Impact of peach extrafloral nectar on key biological characteristics of Trichogramma minutum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 789-792.
• Smith S M (1996). Biological control with Trichogramma: advances, successes, and potential of their use. Annual Review of Entomology 41: 375-406.
• Somchoudhury A K & Dutt N (1988). Evaluation of some flowers as a nutritional source of Trichogramma spp. Indian Journal of Entomology 50: 371-373.
• SPSS (1999). SPSS Version 10.0. SPSS Inc, 233 S. Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois.
• Steppuhn A & Wackers F L (2004). HPLC sugar analysis reveals the nutritional state and the feeding history of parasitoids. Functional Ecology 18: 812-819.
• Stinner R E, Ridgway R L & Kinzer R E (1974). Storage, manipulation of emergence, and estimation of a number of Trichogramma pretiosum. Environmental Entomology 3: 504-507.
• Tena A, Pekas A, Cano D, Wäckers F L & Urbaneja A (2015). Sugar provisioning maximizes the biocontrol service of parasitoids. Journal of Applied Ecology 52: 795-804.
• Thompson S N (1986). Nutrition and in vitro culture of insect parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology 31: 197-219.
• Tuncbilek A S, Çınar N & Canpolat U (2012). Effects of artificial diets and floral nectar on longevity and progeny production of Trichogramma euproctidis Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 36(2): 183-191.
• Van Lenteren J C (2012). The state of commercial augmentative biological control: plenty of natural enemies, but a frustrating lack of uptake. BioControl 57: 1-20.
• Waage J K (1990). Ecological Theory and the Selection of Biological Control Agents, 135-157. In: M Mackauer, L E Ehler & J Roland (Eds.). Critical Issues Biological Control. Intercept, Andover.
• Wäckers F L (2001). A comparison of nectar- and honeydew sugars with respect to their utilization by the hymenopteran parasitoid Cotesia glomerata. Journal of Insect Physiology 47: 1077-1084.
• Wade M R, Zalucki M P, Wratten S D & Robinson K A (2008). Conservation biological control of arthropods using artificial food sprays: current status and future challenges. Biological Control 45: 185-199.
• Wellinga S & Wysoki M (1989). Preliminary investigation of food source preferences of the parasitoid Trichogramma platneri Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae). Anzeiger für Schadlingskunde Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 62: 133-135.
• Winkler K, Wackers F L, Bukovinszkine-Kiss G & Van Lenteren J C (2006). Sugar resources are vital for Diadegma semiclausum fecundity under field conditions. Basic and Applied Ecology 7: 133-140.
• Yu D S K, Hagley E A C & Laing J E (1984). Biology of Trichogramma minutum Riley collected from apples in southern Ontario. Environmental Entomology 13: 1324-1329.