Determining Factors Affecting Agricultural Credit Demand: A Research in Erzurum Province, Türkiye
Year 2024,
Volume: 30 Issue: 4, 712 - 724, 22.10.2024
Ayhan Korkulu
,
Yusuf Akan
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to identify the variables that might influence the demand for low-interest business and investment loans given to Türkiye livestock and agricultural industries. A face-to-face survey of 384 producers who go on with their production operations in ten distinct Erzurum districts provided the data utilized in the study. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing credit use. The data shows that producers in the age groups of 20–30 are less likely to utilize credit than those in the 31–45 and 46–60 age groups. Credit use is higher among individuals involved in mixed production activities than in crop production only. Individuals who report being in excellent health have a higher likelihood of using credit than those who report being in bad health. Having a house of one's own increases the likelihood of using credit. Those whose production activity location is close to the district center are more likely to use credit. It has been shown that people are more likely to utilize if they say the guarantees that loan providers want are inexpensive, if they say they will carry on with their production, and if they say they are happy with the amount of expertise needed for production.
Ethical Statement
The data used in this study was derived from the doctoral thesis completed with financial support by "Atatürk University Scientific Research Coordination Unit".
Supporting Institution
Atatürk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Koordinasyon Birimi
Project Number
SDK-2022-10149
References
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- Anh N T, Gan C & Anh D L T 2020. Does credit boost agricultural performance? evidence from Vietnam. International Journal of Social Economics 47(9): 1203-1221. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-04-2020-0238
- Asante-Addo C, Mockshell J, Zeller M, Siddig K & Egyir I S (2017). Agricultural credit provision: what really determines farmers’ participation and credit rationing? Agricultural Finance Review 77/2: 239-256.
https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-02-2016-0010
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- Behera A R & Behera M (2022). Access and repayment of institutional agricultural credit by farmers in tribal areas of odisha: trends, determinants and policy measures. Journal of Asian and African Studies https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096221117075
- Cheng E & D Ahmed A (2014). The demand for credit, credit rationing and the role of microfinance: evidence from poor rural counties of china. China Agricultural Economic Review 6(2): 295-315. https://doi.org/10.1108/CAER-07-2012-0076
- Dang H D, Dam A H T, Pham T T & Nguyen T M T (2019). Determinants of credit demand of farmers in lam dong, Vietnam: a comparison of machine learning and multinomial logit. Agricultural Finance Review 80(2): 255-274. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-06-2019-006 1
- Ekwere G E & Edem I D (2014). Evaluation of agricultural credit facility in agricultural production and rural development. Global Journal of Human-Social Science: B Geography, Geo-Sciences, Environmental Disaster Management 14(3): 19-26
- Fecke W, Feil J-H & Musshoff O (2016). Determinants of loan demand in agriculture: empirical evidence from Germany, Agricultural Finance Review, Vol. 76 No. 4, pp. 462-476. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-05-2016-0042
- Gong M & Elahi E (2022). A nexus between farmland rights, and access, demand, and amount of agricultural loan under the socialist system of China. Land Use Policy, 120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106279
- Hayran S & Gül A (2018). Factors affecting farmers’ decisions on agricultural credit usage in Mersin province. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 8(1): 271-277. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.407885
- Hu L, Lopez R A & Zeng Y (2020). Determinants of credit constraints for agricultural wholesalers in China. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23(4): 563-577. https://doi.org/10.22434/IFAMR2019.0161
- Hutchins J (2023). The US farm credit system and agricultural development: evidence from an early expansion 1920–1940. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 105(1): 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajae.12290
- Ijioma J C & Osondu C K (2015). Agricultural credit sources and determinants of credit acquisition by farmers in Idemili local government area of anambra state. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B 5(1): 34-43. https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2015.01.004
- Kahramanoğlu A (2021). Credit use of agricultural producers in the context of the banking system and analysis of production finance: the case of Bafra. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9(3): 615–620. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i3.615-620.4157
- Katchova, A.L. 2005. Factors affecting farm credit use, Agricultural Finance Review, 65(2): 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1108/00214660580001164
- Khanal A R & Omobitan O (2020). Rural finance, capital constrained small farms, and financial performance: findings from a primary survey. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 52(2): 288-307. https://doi.org/10.1017/aae.2019.45
- Kuhn L & Bobojonov I (2021). the role of risk rationing in rural credit demand and uptake: lessons from Kyrgyzstan. Agricultural Finance Review 83(1): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-04-2021-0039
- Kumar A, Das R, Aditya K S, Bathla S & Jha G K (2020). Examining ınstitutional credit access among agricultural households in eastern İndia: trends, patterns and determinants. Agricultural Finance Review 81/2: 250-264. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-04-2020-0054
- Lazaro A M & Alexis N (2021). Determinants of credit demand by smallholder farmers in Morogoro, Tanzania. African Journal of Agricultural Research 17(8): 1068-1080. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2020.15382
- Lin L, Wang W, Gan C, Cohen D A & Nguyen Q T (2019). Rural credit constraint and informal rural credit accessibility in China. Sustainability 11(7): 1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071935
- Ma L, Long H, Zhang Y, Tu S, Ge D & Tu X (2019). Agricultural labor changes and agricultural economic development in China and their implications for rural vitalization. Journal of Geographical Sciences 29: 163-179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-019-1590-5
- Manogna R L & Mishra A K (2022). Determinants of indebtedness and institutional credit to rural agricultural households: an empirical evidence from South India. International Journal of Social Economics. 49(9): 1387-1400. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-09-2020-0614
- Moahid M, Ghulam D K, Yoshida Y, Joshi N P & Keshav L M (2021). “Agricultural Credit and Extension Services: Does Their Synergy Augment Farmers’ Economic Outcomes?”, Sustainability 13(7): 3758. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073758
- Moahid M, Ghulam D K, Yoshida Y, Joshi N P & Keshav L M (2021). Agricultural credit and extension services: does their synergy augment farmers’ economic outcomes?”, Sustainability 13(7): 3758. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073758
- Mpuga P (2010). Constraints in access to and demand for rural credit: evidence from Uganda. African Development Review. 22(1): 115-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2009.00230.x
- Musagaliev A & Dustova M (2023). Fertile grounds: econometric analysis of financial support for agricultural enterprises. In BIO Web of Conferences (Vol. 66, p. 14012). EDP Sciences.
- Nadolnyak D, Shen X & Hartarska V (2017). Farm income and output and lending by the farm credit system. Agricultural Finance Review, 77(1): 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-03-2016-0020
- Nouman M, Siddiqi M, Asim S & Hussain Z (2013). Impact of socio-economic characteristics of farmers on access to agricultural credit. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 29(3): 469-476.
- Novotná A & Kočišova K (2022). The role of banks in financing the slovak agricultural sector. AGRIS on-Line Papers in Economics and Informatics 14(1): 81-94. https://doi.org/10.7160/aol.2022.140107 OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) 2023., https://stats.oecd.org/# Access date: 01.02.2023.
- Ofori E, Sampson G S & Vipham J (2019). The effects of agricultural cooperatives on smallholder livelihoods and agricultural performance in cambodia. In Natural Resources Forum 43(4): 218-229. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12180
- Ogundeji A A, Donkor E, Motsoari C & Onakuse S (2018). Impact of access to credit on farm income: policy implications for rural agricultural development in Lesotho. Agrekon 57(2): 152-166.
- Ojo T O, Adetoro A A, Ogundeji A A & Belle J A (2021). Quantifying the determinants of climate change adaptation strategies and farmers' access to credit in south Africa. Science of The Total Environment 792 pp https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148499
- Oluwasola O & Alimi T (2008). Determinants of agricultural credit demand and supply among small-scale farmers in Nigeria. Outlook on Agriculture 37(3): 185-193. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000008785915421
- Özer H (2004). Econometric models with qualitative variables: Theory and an application, Ankara: Nobel Publishing Distribution. (In Turkish) Qin M, Wachenheim C J, Wang Z & Zheng S (2019). Factors affecting chinese farmers’ microcredit participation. Agricultural Finance Review 79(1): 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-12-2017-0111
- Quddus A & Kropp J D (2020). Constraints to agricultural production and marketing in the lagging regions of Bangladesh. Sustainability 12(10): 3956. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12103956
- Sagbo N S M & Kusunose Y (2020). Does experience with agricultural loans improve farmers' well-being? evidence from Benin. Agricultural Finance Review 81(4): 503-519. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-06-2020-0082
- Silong A K F & Gadanakis Y (2019). Credit sources, access and factors influencing credit demand among rural livestock farmers in Nigeria. Agricultural Finance Review 80(1): 68-90. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-10-2018-0090
- Toure L (2021). Effect of equipment credit on the agricultural income of cotton producers in Mali. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade 27(2): 41-58. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2021/v27i230329
- Udoka C O, Mbat D O & Duke S B (2016). The effect of commercial banks’ credit on agricultural production in Nigeria. Journal of Finance and Accounting 4(1): 1-10
- Ullah A, Mahmood N, Zeb A & Kächele H (2020). Factors determining farmers’ access to and sources of credit: evidence from the rain-fed zone of Pakistan. Agriculture 10(12): 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10120586
- Umanath M, Paramasivam R, Kavitha V & Thangadurai T (2018). Determinants of demand for formal agricultural credit in rural India. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 28(1): 1-7
- Vovchak O D, Halkiv L & Demchyshyn M Y (2018). The condition and problems of Ukraine's agricultural enterprises banking crediting development. Financial and Credit Activity-Problems of Theory and Practice 3(26): 29-37
- Wang Y, Lu H, Chen Y, Yang P, Cheng X & Xie F 2023. The impact of farmland management rights mortgage loan on the agri-food industrial agglomeration: case of Hubei province. Land 12(7): 1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12071389
- Wongpit P & Sisengnam K (2022). Determinants of farmers’ access to credit in the lao people’s democratic republic. Applied Economics Journal 29(2): 124-138. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.334654
- Yusuf T U N A (2011). State intervention in agricultural product prices and the history of intervention pricing policy in Turkey. Istanbul University Faculty of Economics Journal 47: 1-4. (In Turkish)
- Zhao J, Luo Q, Deng H & Yan Y (2008). Opportunities and challenges of sustainable agricultural development in China. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363(1492): 893-904
Year 2024,
Volume: 30 Issue: 4, 712 - 724, 22.10.2024
Ayhan Korkulu
,
Yusuf Akan
Project Number
SDK-2022-10149
References
- Adanacioğlu H, Artukoğlu M & Güneş E (2017). Analysis of agricultural credit performance in Turkey by multi-dimensional scaling approach. Journal of Agricultural Economics 23(2): 195-204 (In Turkish) https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.364932
- Agresti A (1996). An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis. NY: John Wiley & Sons Akdemir Ş, Miassi Y, Açıksarı Y Ş & Keskin F (2021). Producers’ access to agricultural credit in Turkey: the case of Adana province. Ciência Rural 51. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200353
- Akram W, Hussain Z, Ahmad N & Hussain I (2013). Does agriculture credit affect production efficiency? frontier production function approach. Pakistan Economic and Social Review pp.179-190 Alkan Ö & Demir A (2019). Analysis of factors effecting the success of quitting tobacco use by logistic regression. Ataturk University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences 33(4): 1227-1244(In Turkish)
- Alpar R (2013). Applied Multivariate Statistical Methods. Ankara: Detay Anatolia Academic Publishing Co. Ltd.(In Turkish) Amanullah W J, Khan I, Channa S A & Magsi H (2019). Farm level impacts of credit constraints on agricultural investment and income. Pak. J. Agr. Scen 56(2): 511-521. https://doi.org/10.21162/PAKJAS/19.7872
- Anh N T, Gan C & Anh D L T 2020. Does credit boost agricultural performance? evidence from Vietnam. International Journal of Social Economics 47(9): 1203-1221. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-04-2020-0238
- Asante-Addo C, Mockshell J, Zeller M, Siddig K & Egyir I S (2017). Agricultural credit provision: what really determines farmers’ participation and credit rationing? Agricultural Finance Review 77/2: 239-256.
https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-02-2016-0010
- Bahşi N & Çetin E (2020). Determining of agricultural credit impact on agricultural production value in Turkey. Ciência Rural 50(11) https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200003P
- Behera A R & Behera M (2022). Access and repayment of institutional agricultural credit by farmers in tribal areas of odisha: trends, determinants and policy measures. Journal of Asian and African Studies https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096221117075
- Cheng E & D Ahmed A (2014). The demand for credit, credit rationing and the role of microfinance: evidence from poor rural counties of china. China Agricultural Economic Review 6(2): 295-315. https://doi.org/10.1108/CAER-07-2012-0076
- Dang H D, Dam A H T, Pham T T & Nguyen T M T (2019). Determinants of credit demand of farmers in lam dong, Vietnam: a comparison of machine learning and multinomial logit. Agricultural Finance Review 80(2): 255-274. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-06-2019-006 1
- Ekwere G E & Edem I D (2014). Evaluation of agricultural credit facility in agricultural production and rural development. Global Journal of Human-Social Science: B Geography, Geo-Sciences, Environmental Disaster Management 14(3): 19-26
- Fecke W, Feil J-H & Musshoff O (2016). Determinants of loan demand in agriculture: empirical evidence from Germany, Agricultural Finance Review, Vol. 76 No. 4, pp. 462-476. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-05-2016-0042
- Gong M & Elahi E (2022). A nexus between farmland rights, and access, demand, and amount of agricultural loan under the socialist system of China. Land Use Policy, 120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106279
- Hayran S & Gül A (2018). Factors affecting farmers’ decisions on agricultural credit usage in Mersin province. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 8(1): 271-277. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.407885
- Hu L, Lopez R A & Zeng Y (2020). Determinants of credit constraints for agricultural wholesalers in China. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23(4): 563-577. https://doi.org/10.22434/IFAMR2019.0161
- Hutchins J (2023). The US farm credit system and agricultural development: evidence from an early expansion 1920–1940. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 105(1): 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajae.12290
- Ijioma J C & Osondu C K (2015). Agricultural credit sources and determinants of credit acquisition by farmers in Idemili local government area of anambra state. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B 5(1): 34-43. https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2015.01.004
- Kahramanoğlu A (2021). Credit use of agricultural producers in the context of the banking system and analysis of production finance: the case of Bafra. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9(3): 615–620. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i3.615-620.4157
- Katchova, A.L. 2005. Factors affecting farm credit use, Agricultural Finance Review, 65(2): 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1108/00214660580001164
- Khanal A R & Omobitan O (2020). Rural finance, capital constrained small farms, and financial performance: findings from a primary survey. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 52(2): 288-307. https://doi.org/10.1017/aae.2019.45
- Kuhn L & Bobojonov I (2021). the role of risk rationing in rural credit demand and uptake: lessons from Kyrgyzstan. Agricultural Finance Review 83(1): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-04-2021-0039
- Kumar A, Das R, Aditya K S, Bathla S & Jha G K (2020). Examining ınstitutional credit access among agricultural households in eastern İndia: trends, patterns and determinants. Agricultural Finance Review 81/2: 250-264. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-04-2020-0054
- Lazaro A M & Alexis N (2021). Determinants of credit demand by smallholder farmers in Morogoro, Tanzania. African Journal of Agricultural Research 17(8): 1068-1080. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2020.15382
- Lin L, Wang W, Gan C, Cohen D A & Nguyen Q T (2019). Rural credit constraint and informal rural credit accessibility in China. Sustainability 11(7): 1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071935
- Ma L, Long H, Zhang Y, Tu S, Ge D & Tu X (2019). Agricultural labor changes and agricultural economic development in China and their implications for rural vitalization. Journal of Geographical Sciences 29: 163-179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-019-1590-5
- Manogna R L & Mishra A K (2022). Determinants of indebtedness and institutional credit to rural agricultural households: an empirical evidence from South India. International Journal of Social Economics. 49(9): 1387-1400. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-09-2020-0614
- Moahid M, Ghulam D K, Yoshida Y, Joshi N P & Keshav L M (2021). “Agricultural Credit and Extension Services: Does Their Synergy Augment Farmers’ Economic Outcomes?”, Sustainability 13(7): 3758. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073758
- Moahid M, Ghulam D K, Yoshida Y, Joshi N P & Keshav L M (2021). Agricultural credit and extension services: does their synergy augment farmers’ economic outcomes?”, Sustainability 13(7): 3758. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073758
- Mpuga P (2010). Constraints in access to and demand for rural credit: evidence from Uganda. African Development Review. 22(1): 115-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2009.00230.x
- Musagaliev A & Dustova M (2023). Fertile grounds: econometric analysis of financial support for agricultural enterprises. In BIO Web of Conferences (Vol. 66, p. 14012). EDP Sciences.
- Nadolnyak D, Shen X & Hartarska V (2017). Farm income and output and lending by the farm credit system. Agricultural Finance Review, 77(1): 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-03-2016-0020
- Nouman M, Siddiqi M, Asim S & Hussain Z (2013). Impact of socio-economic characteristics of farmers on access to agricultural credit. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 29(3): 469-476.
- Novotná A & Kočišova K (2022). The role of banks in financing the slovak agricultural sector. AGRIS on-Line Papers in Economics and Informatics 14(1): 81-94. https://doi.org/10.7160/aol.2022.140107 OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) 2023., https://stats.oecd.org/# Access date: 01.02.2023.
- Ofori E, Sampson G S & Vipham J (2019). The effects of agricultural cooperatives on smallholder livelihoods and agricultural performance in cambodia. In Natural Resources Forum 43(4): 218-229. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12180
- Ogundeji A A, Donkor E, Motsoari C & Onakuse S (2018). Impact of access to credit on farm income: policy implications for rural agricultural development in Lesotho. Agrekon 57(2): 152-166.
- Ojo T O, Adetoro A A, Ogundeji A A & Belle J A (2021). Quantifying the determinants of climate change adaptation strategies and farmers' access to credit in south Africa. Science of The Total Environment 792 pp https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148499
- Oluwasola O & Alimi T (2008). Determinants of agricultural credit demand and supply among small-scale farmers in Nigeria. Outlook on Agriculture 37(3): 185-193. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000008785915421
- Özer H (2004). Econometric models with qualitative variables: Theory and an application, Ankara: Nobel Publishing Distribution. (In Turkish) Qin M, Wachenheim C J, Wang Z & Zheng S (2019). Factors affecting chinese farmers’ microcredit participation. Agricultural Finance Review 79(1): 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-12-2017-0111
- Quddus A & Kropp J D (2020). Constraints to agricultural production and marketing in the lagging regions of Bangladesh. Sustainability 12(10): 3956. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12103956
- Sagbo N S M & Kusunose Y (2020). Does experience with agricultural loans improve farmers' well-being? evidence from Benin. Agricultural Finance Review 81(4): 503-519. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-06-2020-0082
- Silong A K F & Gadanakis Y (2019). Credit sources, access and factors influencing credit demand among rural livestock farmers in Nigeria. Agricultural Finance Review 80(1): 68-90. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-10-2018-0090
- Toure L (2021). Effect of equipment credit on the agricultural income of cotton producers in Mali. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade 27(2): 41-58. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2021/v27i230329
- Udoka C O, Mbat D O & Duke S B (2016). The effect of commercial banks’ credit on agricultural production in Nigeria. Journal of Finance and Accounting 4(1): 1-10
- Ullah A, Mahmood N, Zeb A & Kächele H (2020). Factors determining farmers’ access to and sources of credit: evidence from the rain-fed zone of Pakistan. Agriculture 10(12): 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10120586
- Umanath M, Paramasivam R, Kavitha V & Thangadurai T (2018). Determinants of demand for formal agricultural credit in rural India. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 28(1): 1-7
- Vovchak O D, Halkiv L & Demchyshyn M Y (2018). The condition and problems of Ukraine's agricultural enterprises banking crediting development. Financial and Credit Activity-Problems of Theory and Practice 3(26): 29-37
- Wang Y, Lu H, Chen Y, Yang P, Cheng X & Xie F 2023. The impact of farmland management rights mortgage loan on the agri-food industrial agglomeration: case of Hubei province. Land 12(7): 1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12071389
- Wongpit P & Sisengnam K (2022). Determinants of farmers’ access to credit in the lao people’s democratic republic. Applied Economics Journal 29(2): 124-138. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.334654
- Yusuf T U N A (2011). State intervention in agricultural product prices and the history of intervention pricing policy in Turkey. Istanbul University Faculty of Economics Journal 47: 1-4. (In Turkish)
- Zhao J, Luo Q, Deng H & Yan Y (2008). Opportunities and challenges of sustainable agricultural development in China. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363(1492): 893-904