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Elektromanyetik Alanın Prenatal Deri Gelişimi Üzerine Teratojenik Etkileri

Year 2014, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 1 - 6, 01.10.2014

Abstract

Amaç: Tüm dünyada giderek yaygınlaşan bir iletişim aracı haline gelen cep telefonu, elektromanyetik radyasyonun artışına da sebep olmuştur. Cep telefonunun embriyonal ve fetal dönemde sebep olduğu olası zararlı etkileri hakkında yeterli çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, hamilelik dönemindeki rat fetüslerinin derileri üzerinde cep telefonu radyofrekansının etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 24 dişi Wistar albino rat kullanıldı; kontrol, sham, Faraday – F- ve Faraday + F+ olmak üzere dört gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubundaki ratlar cep telefonu radyofrekansına maruz bırakılmadı, deney düzeneğinin çalışmadaki olası etkilerini ortaya çıkarmak için sham grubu oluşturuldu. F- grubundaki ratlar özel havalandırmalı kutularda radyofrekansa maruz bırakıldı, buna karşın F+ grubundaki ratlar ise alüminyum kaplı bir Faraday kafesinde radyofrekansa maruz bırakıldılar. Bulgular: Kontrol ve diğer gruplarda, yenidoğan rat deri dokularında, ışık mikroskobik seviyede şiddetli bir yapısal dejenerasyona rastlanmadı. Ayrıca, epidermal kalınlık ölçümleri, sham ve kontrol grupları arasında benzerdi ve Brown-Forsythe testine göre istatiksel açıdan, gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı P>0,05 . Buna karşın, ultrastrüktürel incelemede, radyofrekansa maruz bırakılan Fdeney grubunda, dermiste bağ doku elemanlarında azalma ve hücrelerde yapısal değişiklikler gözlendi. Sonuç: Elektromanyetik alanın dokular üzerine olan etkisi halen tartışma konusudur. Bununla birlikte, manyetik alanın şiddeti ve maruz kalma süresinin zararlı etkilerin oluşumunda önemli olduğu yaygın olarak kabul edilmektedir. Çalışmamızda ışık mikroskobik düzeyde, deri yapısında gruplar arasında önemli bir fark bulunmamasına karşın, F- grubunda, elektron mikroskobik seviyede değişikliklerin elde edilmesi, cep telefonunun rat deri gelişimi üzerinde düşük seviyede de olsa, zararlı etkilere neden olabileceğinin bir göstergesi olarak yorumlandı

References

  • Canseven AG. Değişik Şiddet ve Süreli Manyetik Alanların Deri Hidroksiprolin Seviyesine Etkisi. Doktora Tezi 1998. Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyofizik Anabilim Dalı. Ankara.
  • Canseven AG, Seyan N. Çevresel elf manyetik alanların etkileri: Kobay deri kollagen sentezinde değişimler ve deney hayvanından insana ölçülendirme. Gazi Tıp Dergisi 2005; 16(4): 160-5.
  • Köylü Ö, Gürbilek M, Çiçekbaşı EA, et al. Elektromanyetik Alanların Rat Beyin Dokusu ve Plazmasında, Karsinojenik Bir Bileşik Olan MDA Düzeyleri üzerine Etkileri. Türk Klinik Biyokimya Derg 2005; 3(1): 27-33.
  • Chalidis B, Sachinis N, Assiotis A, et al. Stimulation of bone formation and fracture healing with pulsed electromagnetic fi elds: biologic responses and clinical implications. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24(2): 17-20.
  • Ocaktan ME, Akdur R. Cep Telefonu Teknolojisi ve Sağlık. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2008; 28: 58-65
  • Kovacic P, Somanathan R.Electromagnetic fi elds: mechanism, cell signaling, other bioprocesses, toxicity, radicals, antioxidants and benefi cial effects. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2010; 30(4): 214-26.
  • Bachl N, Ruoff G, Wessner B, Tschan H. Electromagnetic interventions in musculoskeletal disorders. Clin Sports Med 2008; 27(1): 87-105.
  • Aslan A. Düșük ve Yüksek Frekans Elektromanyetik Alanların Kırık İyileșmesine Etkileri. Kafkas J Med Sci 2012; 2(1): 34–42.
  • Güler Ç, Vaizoğlu SA, Tekbaş ÖF, Çobanoğlu Z. Cep telefonları ve sağlık (RF/MW). Özgür Doruk Güler çevre dizisi: 49. Yazıt yayıncılık, Ankara, 2008.
  • Frank AL, Slesin L. Nonionising radiation. Maxcy Rosenau-Last, public health and preventive medicine. Ed: Wallace RB, Kohatsu N. McGraw Hill Medical, 15 Ed, Newyork, 2008; 743- 54.
  • What effects do mobile phones have on people’s health. WHO Regional Office for Europe’s Health Evidence Network (HEN), November 2006.
  • Bold A, Toros H. ve Şen O. Manyetik alanın insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkisi, III. Atmosfer Bilimleri Sempozyumu, 19-21 Mart, İTÜ, İstanbul. 2003. ISBN.975-561-236-X. 62.
  • Shimizu H, Suzuki Y, Okanagi H. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 1995; 50(5): 919-31
  • Churg MK, Kim JC, Myung SH, Lee DI. Developmental toxicity evaluation of ELF magnetic fields in Sprague-Dawley rats. Bioelectromagnetics. 2003; 24(4): 231-40.
  • Juutilainen J. Developmental effects of extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2003; 106(4): 385-90.
  • Ryan BM, Polen M, Gauger JR, Mallett E, Kearns MB, Bryan TL, MC Cormick DL Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of 60 Hz magnetic fields and harmonic frequencies in Sprague-Dawley rats. Radiat Res. 2000; 153(5 Pt 2): 637-41.
  • Chung MK, Kim JC, Myung SH. Lack of adverse effects in pregnant/lactating female rats and their offspring following pre- and postnatal exposure to ELF magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 2004; 25(4): 236- 44.
  • ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation protection), “Guidelines for limitating exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields (1 Hz to 100 kHz),” Health Physics, Vol. 99, pp. 818–836, 2010.
  • Lee SK, Park S, Gimm YM, Kim YW. Extremely low frequency magnetic fields induce spermatogenic germcell apoptosis: possible mechanism. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014:567183. doi: 10.1155/2014/567183. Epub 2014 Jun 15.
  • Simkó M, Mattsson MO Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields as effectors of cellular responses in vitro: possible immune cell activation. J Cell Biochem. 2004; 93(1): 83-92. M, Patruno 21. Pesce A, Speranza L, Reale M. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field and wound healing: implication of cytokines as biological mediators. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2013; 24(1): 1-10.
  • Costin GE, Birlea SA, Norris DA.Trends in wound repair: cellular and molecular basis of regenerative therapy using electromagnetic fields. Curr Mol Med. 2012; 12(1): 14-26.
  • Patruno A, Amerio P, Pesce M, Vianale G, Di Luzio S, Tulli A, Franceschelli S, Grilli A, Muraro R, Reale M.Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields mod ulate expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCat: potential therapeutic effects in Dermatol. 2010; 162(2): 258-66. healing. Br J
  • Power line electromanyetic fields and human health. Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency. 1999.
  • Walleczek, J. Electromagnetic effects on cells of the immune system: The Role of Calcium Signal-ing, FASEB. 1992. (6) 3177.
  • M. J. Ruiz-Gómez and M. Martínez-Morillo, Electromagnetic fields and the induction of DNA strand breaks. Electromagn Biol Medicine 2009; 28(2): 201– 14.
  • International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Nomenclature of the frequency and wavelength bands used in telecommunications. Geneva, Switzerland, 2013. Rec ITUR-V.431-7.
  • Congsheng Li and TongningWu. Dosimetry of infant exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields: Variation of 99th percentile ınduced electric field valueby posture and skin-to-skin contact. Bioelectromagnetics. 2015 Feb 23. doi: 10.1002/bem.21899.

The Teratogenic Effects of Electromagnetic Field on Prenatal Development of Skin

Year 2014, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 1 - 6, 01.10.2014

Abstract

Introduction: The mobile phone has become a common communication device in the world. This situation has caused the increase of electromagnetic radiation. There are not enough studies about the harmful effects which mobile phones caused in embryonal and fetal periods within this situation to emphasize the importance of the subject. For this reason, the aim of the study was to find the effects of mobile phones radiofrequency RF on the skins in rat fetus, during pregnancy. Materials and Methots: In this study 24 female Wistar Albino rats were used. The rats were seperated into four groups as control, sham, Faraday – F- and Faraday + F+ . The rats in the control group were not exposed to the mobile phone RF. Sham group was added to find out the probable effects of the experiment environment. The rats in F- group were exposed to the RF in special air conditioned boxes, whereas F+ group was exposed to RF in an aluminium isolated Faraday Cage. Results: At the end of the study no significant light microscopic degenerations were found on the newborn rat skin tissues of the control group or any other groups. Moreover epidermal thickness measures were similar between F- and F+ exposed groups with sham and control groups and no meaningful difference was seen between the groups in statistical aspects according to Brown-Forsythe test P>0,05 . However, in our ultrastructural analysis; in the connective tissue elements of dermises of rat F- skin tissues decreases and degenerative changes in morphology of cells have been observed. Conclusions: Electromagnetic areas effect on tissues has been a debate subject so far. However, Electromagnetic area’s intensity and the period of exposure have been widely accepted as so important on the occurrence of the harmful effects. In our study, on the light microscobic level not so important differences were found among groups in the aspect of skin structures. Although in F- and F+ groups some differences were found on electron microscopic level. This was commented as a sign that mobile phone can cause harmful effects even in the minimal levels on rat skin structure development

References

  • Canseven AG. Değişik Şiddet ve Süreli Manyetik Alanların Deri Hidroksiprolin Seviyesine Etkisi. Doktora Tezi 1998. Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyofizik Anabilim Dalı. Ankara.
  • Canseven AG, Seyan N. Çevresel elf manyetik alanların etkileri: Kobay deri kollagen sentezinde değişimler ve deney hayvanından insana ölçülendirme. Gazi Tıp Dergisi 2005; 16(4): 160-5.
  • Köylü Ö, Gürbilek M, Çiçekbaşı EA, et al. Elektromanyetik Alanların Rat Beyin Dokusu ve Plazmasında, Karsinojenik Bir Bileşik Olan MDA Düzeyleri üzerine Etkileri. Türk Klinik Biyokimya Derg 2005; 3(1): 27-33.
  • Chalidis B, Sachinis N, Assiotis A, et al. Stimulation of bone formation and fracture healing with pulsed electromagnetic fi elds: biologic responses and clinical implications. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24(2): 17-20.
  • Ocaktan ME, Akdur R. Cep Telefonu Teknolojisi ve Sağlık. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2008; 28: 58-65
  • Kovacic P, Somanathan R.Electromagnetic fi elds: mechanism, cell signaling, other bioprocesses, toxicity, radicals, antioxidants and benefi cial effects. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2010; 30(4): 214-26.
  • Bachl N, Ruoff G, Wessner B, Tschan H. Electromagnetic interventions in musculoskeletal disorders. Clin Sports Med 2008; 27(1): 87-105.
  • Aslan A. Düșük ve Yüksek Frekans Elektromanyetik Alanların Kırık İyileșmesine Etkileri. Kafkas J Med Sci 2012; 2(1): 34–42.
  • Güler Ç, Vaizoğlu SA, Tekbaş ÖF, Çobanoğlu Z. Cep telefonları ve sağlık (RF/MW). Özgür Doruk Güler çevre dizisi: 49. Yazıt yayıncılık, Ankara, 2008.
  • Frank AL, Slesin L. Nonionising radiation. Maxcy Rosenau-Last, public health and preventive medicine. Ed: Wallace RB, Kohatsu N. McGraw Hill Medical, 15 Ed, Newyork, 2008; 743- 54.
  • What effects do mobile phones have on people’s health. WHO Regional Office for Europe’s Health Evidence Network (HEN), November 2006.
  • Bold A, Toros H. ve Şen O. Manyetik alanın insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkisi, III. Atmosfer Bilimleri Sempozyumu, 19-21 Mart, İTÜ, İstanbul. 2003. ISBN.975-561-236-X. 62.
  • Shimizu H, Suzuki Y, Okanagi H. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 1995; 50(5): 919-31
  • Churg MK, Kim JC, Myung SH, Lee DI. Developmental toxicity evaluation of ELF magnetic fields in Sprague-Dawley rats. Bioelectromagnetics. 2003; 24(4): 231-40.
  • Juutilainen J. Developmental effects of extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2003; 106(4): 385-90.
  • Ryan BM, Polen M, Gauger JR, Mallett E, Kearns MB, Bryan TL, MC Cormick DL Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of 60 Hz magnetic fields and harmonic frequencies in Sprague-Dawley rats. Radiat Res. 2000; 153(5 Pt 2): 637-41.
  • Chung MK, Kim JC, Myung SH. Lack of adverse effects in pregnant/lactating female rats and their offspring following pre- and postnatal exposure to ELF magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 2004; 25(4): 236- 44.
  • ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation protection), “Guidelines for limitating exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields (1 Hz to 100 kHz),” Health Physics, Vol. 99, pp. 818–836, 2010.
  • Lee SK, Park S, Gimm YM, Kim YW. Extremely low frequency magnetic fields induce spermatogenic germcell apoptosis: possible mechanism. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014:567183. doi: 10.1155/2014/567183. Epub 2014 Jun 15.
  • Simkó M, Mattsson MO Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields as effectors of cellular responses in vitro: possible immune cell activation. J Cell Biochem. 2004; 93(1): 83-92. M, Patruno 21. Pesce A, Speranza L, Reale M. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field and wound healing: implication of cytokines as biological mediators. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2013; 24(1): 1-10.
  • Costin GE, Birlea SA, Norris DA.Trends in wound repair: cellular and molecular basis of regenerative therapy using electromagnetic fields. Curr Mol Med. 2012; 12(1): 14-26.
  • Patruno A, Amerio P, Pesce M, Vianale G, Di Luzio S, Tulli A, Franceschelli S, Grilli A, Muraro R, Reale M.Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields mod ulate expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCat: potential therapeutic effects in Dermatol. 2010; 162(2): 258-66. healing. Br J
  • Power line electromanyetic fields and human health. Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency. 1999.
  • Walleczek, J. Electromagnetic effects on cells of the immune system: The Role of Calcium Signal-ing, FASEB. 1992. (6) 3177.
  • M. J. Ruiz-Gómez and M. Martínez-Morillo, Electromagnetic fields and the induction of DNA strand breaks. Electromagn Biol Medicine 2009; 28(2): 201– 14.
  • International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Nomenclature of the frequency and wavelength bands used in telecommunications. Geneva, Switzerland, 2013. Rec ITUR-V.431-7.
  • Congsheng Li and TongningWu. Dosimetry of infant exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields: Variation of 99th percentile ınduced electric field valueby posture and skin-to-skin contact. Bioelectromagnetics. 2015 Feb 23. doi: 10.1002/bem.21899.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Leyla Bahar This is me

Ayhan Eralp This is me

Yılmaz Rumevleklioğlu This is me

Mehmet Yüncü This is me

Sema Erden This is me

Publication Date October 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bahar, L., Eralp, A., Rumevleklioğlu, Y., Yüncü, M., et al. (2014). Elektromanyetik Alanın Prenatal Deri Gelişimi Üzerine Teratojenik Etkileri. Annals of Health Sciences Research, 3(2), 1-6.
AMA Bahar L, Eralp A, Rumevleklioğlu Y, Yüncü M, Erden S. Elektromanyetik Alanın Prenatal Deri Gelişimi Üzerine Teratojenik Etkileri. Ann Health Sci Res. October 2014;3(2):1-6.
Chicago Bahar, Leyla, Ayhan Eralp, Yılmaz Rumevleklioğlu, Mehmet Yüncü, and Sema Erden. “Elektromanyetik Alanın Prenatal Deri Gelişimi Üzerine Teratojenik Etkileri”. Annals of Health Sciences Research 3, no. 2 (October 2014): 1-6.
EndNote Bahar L, Eralp A, Rumevleklioğlu Y, Yüncü M, Erden S (October 1, 2014) Elektromanyetik Alanın Prenatal Deri Gelişimi Üzerine Teratojenik Etkileri. Annals of Health Sciences Research 3 2 1–6.
IEEE L. Bahar, A. Eralp, Y. Rumevleklioğlu, M. Yüncü, and S. Erden, “Elektromanyetik Alanın Prenatal Deri Gelişimi Üzerine Teratojenik Etkileri”, Ann Health Sci Res, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1–6, 2014.
ISNAD Bahar, Leyla et al. “Elektromanyetik Alanın Prenatal Deri Gelişimi Üzerine Teratojenik Etkileri”. Annals of Health Sciences Research 3/2 (October 2014), 1-6.
JAMA Bahar L, Eralp A, Rumevleklioğlu Y, Yüncü M, Erden S. Elektromanyetik Alanın Prenatal Deri Gelişimi Üzerine Teratojenik Etkileri. Ann Health Sci Res. 2014;3:1–6.
MLA Bahar, Leyla et al. “Elektromanyetik Alanın Prenatal Deri Gelişimi Üzerine Teratojenik Etkileri”. Annals of Health Sciences Research, vol. 3, no. 2, 2014, pp. 1-6.
Vancouver Bahar L, Eralp A, Rumevleklioğlu Y, Yüncü M, Erden S. Elektromanyetik Alanın Prenatal Deri Gelişimi Üzerine Teratojenik Etkileri. Ann Health Sci Res. 2014;3(2):1-6.