Reconstruction of International Space Regime on the Basis of Common Heritage of (Hu)Mankind in the 21st Century

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 593 - 628, 15.10.2021

Aybüke İnan Şimşek , Senem Atvur

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2021.20

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The successful launch of the satellite Sputnik I by the USSR into the Earth orbit in 1957 started the “Space Age”, and also triggered the discussions about states’ sovereignty in space and how they use space area. In this process, the space law was tried to be codified with the initiatives of the United Nations, but the official documents such as the Outer Space Treaty or the Moon Agreement could not clarify the status of space and whether the outer space is common heritage of hu mankind. Moreover, the legal ambiguity in space has become more controversial due to the space activities like the colonization of Mars which has been recently accelerated. The transformation of space activities towards a multi-actor structure has brought out the need for a new international space regime. Hence, this study aims to discuss why the international space regime should be reconstructed in the framework of common heritage of hu mankind. This normative discussion will be deepened through the transnational approach and the role of epistemic communities in the context of the Constructivist Theory of International Relations.

Keywords

Space Regime, Common Heritage of (Hu)Mankind, Constructivism, Epistemic Community, Governance.

21. Yüzyılda Uluslararası Uzay Rejiminin İnsanlığın Ortak Mirası Temelinde Yeniden İnşası

Abstract

1957 yılında SSCB’nin Sputnik I adlı uyduyu Dünya yörüngesine başarılı bir şekilde fırlatmasıyla başladığı kabul edilen “Uzay Çağı” ile birlikte devletlerin uzaydaki egemenlikleri ve uzayın nasıl kullanılacağına ilişkin tartışmalar başlamıştır. Bu süreçte Birleşmiş Milletler girişimiyle uzay hukuku oluşturulmaya çalışılmış fakat imzalanan Uzay Antlaşması ve Ay Anlaşması da uzayın statüsüne ve uzayın insanlığın ortak mirası olup olmadığına netlik kazandıramamıştır. Bunun yanında son yıllarda hız kazanan Mars’ın kolonileştirilmesi gibi faaliyetlerle birlikte uzaydaki hukuki belirsizlik daha da tartışmalı hale gelmiştir. Uzay faaliyetlerinin çok aktörlü bir yapıya bürünmesi ile birlikte günümüzde yeni bir uluslararası uzay rejimine ihtiyaç artmıştır. Bu çalışma ise uluslararası uzay rejiminin insanlığın ortak mirası çerçevesinde neden yeniden inşa edilmesinin gerekliliğini tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu normatif tartışma, Uluslararası İlişkilerin İnşacı Teorisi bağlamında ulusötesi yaklaşım ve epistemik toplulukların rolü ile derinleştirilecektir.

Keywords

Uzay Rejimi, İnsanlığın Ortak Mirası, İnşacılık, Epistemik Topluluk, Yönetişim.

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