Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Post-truth as an Ontological Crisis: Dilution of the Difference Between Rational West and Emotional East

Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 608 - 630, 19.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.23

Abstract

The discipline of International Relations has not shown much attention to Post-Truth. However, alternative perspectives could be developed by adopting the dyadic approach of International Relations –familiar with the phenomena in the proxies of Post-Truth– with a focus West-East (or Others) relationship, and the emotions as the basis of Post-Truth and the public life. Although Post-Truth is used in different meanings or contexts, this study argues that the essence of the concept is emotions as opposed to rationality as a reference point for defining reality. Post-Truth is a consequence of the observable process of an existential crisis. The basis of this is the fact that emotions become more visible in public life. The public sphere in the West has expanded with social media, and individuals continue to carry almost every aspect of their lives –including their emotions– to the public. As the preceding words of the year give clue, individuals contributed to the evolution of a structure where emotions are more visible in politics. Societies assuming emotions as not effective and maintaining this as one of their superior ontological assumptions have found themselves resembling their other, and the demarcation has begun to blur.

References

  • Åhäll, Linda (2018), “Affect as Methodology: Feminism and the Politics of Emotion”, International Political Sociology, 12 (1): 36-52.
  • Arkan, Zehra Nilgün (2022), ““Post-Truth” Kavramı Üzerine Türkçe Karşılık Denemesi”, İstanbul Kent Üniversitesi İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (2): 1-15.
  • Barbalet, Jack (2006), “Emotions in Politics: From the Ballot to Suicide Terrorism”, Simon Clarke, Paul Hoggett and Simon Thompson (Der.), Emotion, Politics and Society (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan): 31-58.
  • Beiner, Ronald (2008), “Rereading ‘Truth and Politics’”, Philosophy & Social Criticism, 34 (1-2): 123-136.
  • Ben-Ze'ev, Aaron (2000), The Subtlety of Emotions (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
  • Bilgin, Pınar (2017), “Resisting Post‐truth Politics, a Primer: Or, How Not to Think about Human Mobility and the Global Environment”, Global Policy, 8: 55-59.
  • Crawford, Neta C. (2014), “Institutionalizing Passion in World Politics: Fear and Empathy”, International Theory, 6 (3): 535-557.
  • Demirkol, Onurhan (2022), “Yanlış Bilincin “Aydınlanmış” Hali: Bir Semptom Olarak “Post-Truth””, Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 36: 139-164.
  • Erdoğan, Emre ve Pınar Uyan-Semerci (2020), “Hakikat Sonrası Tartışmalarının Gerçek Olmayan Varsayımlarını Ele Almak: Akıl, Bilim ve Demokrasi Karşıtlığı”, Pasajlar Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Şubat: 83-108.
  • Fattah, Khaled ve Karin Marie Fierke (2009), “A Clash of Emotions: The Politics of Humiliation and Political Violence in the Middle East”, European Journal of International Relations, 15 (1): 67-93.
  • Fluck, Matthew (2017), The Concept of Truth in International Relations Theory: Critical Thought Beyond Post-Positivism (London: Palgrave Macmillan).
  • Frankfurt, Harry G. (2005), On Bullshit (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
  • Gür, Kübra, Sare Civelek ve Bahar Yalın (2022), “Hakikat Ötesi (Post-truth) Çağın “Demokrasi” Anlayışı: Dijital Demokrasi Deneyimini Hater Filmi Üzerinden Okumak”, 4. Boyut Medya ve Kültüral Çalışmalar Dergisi, 21: 33-53.
  • Güven, Ahmet (2020), “Hakikatin Yitimi Olarak Post-Truth: Bir Kavramsallaştırma Denemesi”, İnsan ve İnsan, 7 (23): 20-36.
  • Hofstadter, Richard (1964), The Paranoid Style in American Politics, and Other Essays (New York: Knopf).
  • Hopf, Ted (2010), “The Logic of Habit in International Relations”, European Journal of International Relations, 16 (4): 539-561.
  • Jasper, James M. (2006), “Emotions and the Microfoundations of Politics: Rethinking Ends and Means”, Clarke, Simon, Paul Hoggett ve Simon Thompson (Der.), Emotions, Politics and Society (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan): 14-30.
  • Keyes, Ralph (2004), The Post-Truth Era: Dishonesty and Deception in Contemporary Life (New York: St. Martin's Press).
  • Köktürk, Milay (2020), “Post-Truth ya da Mağaraya Dönüş”, Pasajlar Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4: 35-55.
  • Linklater, Andrew (2014), “Anger and World Politics: How Collective Emotions Shift Over Time”, International Theory, 6 (3): 574-578.
  • Maiz, Ramón (2011), “The Political Mind and Its Other”, Engelken-Jorge, Marcos, Pedro Ibarra Güell ve Carmelo Moreno del Río (Der.), Politics and Emotions: The Obama Phenomenon (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften): 29-70.
  • Marcus, George E. (1999), “Introduction: The Paranoid Style Now”, Marcus, George E. (Der.), Paranoia within Reason: A Casebook on Conspiracy as Explanations (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press): 1-12.
  • McGlinchey, Stephen, Leo S. F. Lin, Zeynep Selin Balcı ve Patrick Vernon (2022), Global Politics in a Post-Truth Age, (Bristol, England: E-International Relations Publishing).
  • McIntyre, Lee C. (2018), Post-truth (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press).
  • McIntyre, Lee C. (2019), Hakikat-Sonrası (İstanbul: Tellekt) (Çev. Mehmet F. Biçici).
  • McNeil, William (2004), Dünya Tarihi (İstanbul: İmge) (Çev. Alaeddin Şenel).
  • Mercer, Jonathan (2014), “Feeling like a State: Social Emotion and Identity”, International Theory, 6 (3): 515-535.
  • Mertek, Sefa (2020), “Post Truth’u Hannah Arendt ile Okumak”, Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, 25 (97): 205-225.
  • Mirowsky, John ve Catherine E. Ross (1983), “Paranoia and the Structure of Powerlessness”, American Sociological Review, 48 (2): 228-239.
  • Önder, Özden (2022), “Remembering Hannah Arendt in the “Post-Truth” Era”, Arete Politik Felsefe Dergisi, 2 (1): 7-23.
  • Ost, David (2004), “Politics as the Mobilization of Anger: Emotions in Movements and in Power”, European Journal of Social Theory, 7 (2): 229-244.
  • Oxford-Dictionaries (2016), “Post-Truth”, https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/post-truth?q=Post-Truth (02.01.2021).
  • Özer, Yunus Emre (2023), “Post-Truth, Post-Truth Siyaset ve Yerel Düzeye Etkileri: Etik İlkeler Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 55: 365-377.
  • Pipes, Daniel (1996), The Hidden Hand: Middle East Fears of Conspiracy (New York: St. Martin’s Press).
  • Prozorov, Sergei (2019), “Why is There Truth? Foucault in the Age of Post-Truth Politics”, Constellations, 26 (1): 18-30.
  • Read, Rupert ve Timur Uçan (2019), “Introduction: ‘Post-Truth’?”, Nordic Wittgenstein Review, Special Issue: 5-22.
  • Robins, Robert S. ve Jerrold M. Post (1997), Political Paranoia: The Psychopolitics of Hatred (New Haven: Yale University Press).
  • Sarıhan, Zekeriya ve Raci Taşçıoğlu (2022), “Post-Truth Çağında Sosyal Medyanın Kamuoyu Oluşturma Gücü: Yeni İnfaz Düzenlemesi Örneği”, İNİF E-Dergi, 7 (1): 129-150.
  • Sartori, Giovanni (1970), “Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics”, The American Political Science Review, 64 (4): 1033-1053.
  • Sartori, Giovanni (1984), Social Science Concepts: A Systematic Analysis (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications).
  • Sasley, Brent E. (2011), “Theorizing States’ Emotions”, International Studies Review, 13 (3): 452-476.
  • Schindler, Sebastian (2020), “The Task of Critique in Times of Post-Truth Politics”, Review of International Studies, 46 (3): 376-394.
  • Schuessler, Jennifer (2016), “‘Post-Truth’ Defeats ‘Alt-Right’ as Oxford’s Word of the Year”, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/16/arts/post-truth-defeats-alt-right-as-oxfords-word-of-the-year.html (10.03.2021).
  • Selim, Ferdi (2023), “Post-Truth Kavramı Üzerine Yeniden Düşünmek”, Kaygı-Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 22 (1): 498-543.
  • Suveren, Yaşar (2023), “Hakikat Savaşları: Postmodern-Postyapısalcı Siyasetin Bakiyesi”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25 (2): 742-760.
  • Tanrioven, Nail (2016), “Ordinary Othering and Re-discovery of the Self: Living and Unveiling the Representation of the Other among the Ordinary Turks”, Ph.D. Dissertation (University of Florida, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Gainesville, FL).
  • Tesich, Steve (1992), “A Government of Lies”, The Nation: 1-6.
  • Tesich, Steve (2021), “Yalanlar Rejimi”, Cogito, 104: 23-28, (Çev. Eren Ekin Ercan).
  • Ülkeryıldız, Evren ve Nilay Özcan Uslu (2021), “Hakikat Sonrası Bilincin Siber-Mekân Üzerinden Üretimi: Ağdaşın Kamusal Mekânı”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22 (1): 293-303.
  • Vogelmann, Frieder (2018), “The Problem of Post-Truth. Rethinking the Relationship between Truth and Politics”, Behemoth: A Journal on Civilisation, 2 (11): 18-97.
  • Weir, Lorna (2008), “The Concept of Truth Regime”, The Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers Canadiens de Sociologie, 33 (2): 367-389.

Bir Benlik Krizi Olarak Post-Truth: Rasyonel Batı ve Duygusal Öteki Arasındaki Farkın Seyrelmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 608 - 630, 19.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.23

Abstract

Post-Truth, Uluslararası İlişkiler’de önemsenmese de disiplininin ikili (dyadic) yaklaşımı, Batı-Öteki ilişkilerinde ve kavramın özündeki duygular ve duyguların kamusal alana yansımaları açısından alternatif bakış açıları sağlamaktadır. Post-Truth farklı anlamlarda veya farklı bağlamlarda kullanılsa da bu çalışmada, kavramın özünün duyguların rasyonalitenin karşısında bir gerçeklik referansı olarak alınması olduğu ileri sürülmüştür. Post-Truth’un gözlemlenebilen bir sürecin sonunda, Batı’nın kendini bir varoluşsal krizde bulması olduğu söylenebilir. Bunun temelinde, duyguların artık siyasette görünür halde olduğu iddia edilebilir. Dünyanın birçok noktasındaki gibi Batı’da kamusal alan sosyal medya ile genişlemiş ve bireyler hayatlarının nerdeyse her alanını, duyguları baskın olduğu bir biçimde kamusal alana taşımaya devam etmektedirler. Post-Truth’tan önceki yılın sözcüklerinin de gösterdiği üzere, bireyler, iletişim araçlarının duyguların ifade edilmelerini sağlayacak şekilde evrimleşmeleri sonucu siyasal alanda duyguların görünür olduğu bir yapının gelişimini sağlamıştır. Duyguların kendilerini biçimlendirmediğini savunan ve bunu kendisini ötekisinden farklı ve üstün kılan bir varoluşsal varsayım olarak içselleştiren toplumlar artık ötekisine benzemekte ve aradaki farklılıklar bulanıklaşmaktadır.

References

  • Åhäll, Linda (2018), “Affect as Methodology: Feminism and the Politics of Emotion”, International Political Sociology, 12 (1): 36-52.
  • Arkan, Zehra Nilgün (2022), ““Post-Truth” Kavramı Üzerine Türkçe Karşılık Denemesi”, İstanbul Kent Üniversitesi İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (2): 1-15.
  • Barbalet, Jack (2006), “Emotions in Politics: From the Ballot to Suicide Terrorism”, Simon Clarke, Paul Hoggett and Simon Thompson (Der.), Emotion, Politics and Society (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan): 31-58.
  • Beiner, Ronald (2008), “Rereading ‘Truth and Politics’”, Philosophy & Social Criticism, 34 (1-2): 123-136.
  • Ben-Ze'ev, Aaron (2000), The Subtlety of Emotions (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
  • Bilgin, Pınar (2017), “Resisting Post‐truth Politics, a Primer: Or, How Not to Think about Human Mobility and the Global Environment”, Global Policy, 8: 55-59.
  • Crawford, Neta C. (2014), “Institutionalizing Passion in World Politics: Fear and Empathy”, International Theory, 6 (3): 535-557.
  • Demirkol, Onurhan (2022), “Yanlış Bilincin “Aydınlanmış” Hali: Bir Semptom Olarak “Post-Truth””, Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 36: 139-164.
  • Erdoğan, Emre ve Pınar Uyan-Semerci (2020), “Hakikat Sonrası Tartışmalarının Gerçek Olmayan Varsayımlarını Ele Almak: Akıl, Bilim ve Demokrasi Karşıtlığı”, Pasajlar Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Şubat: 83-108.
  • Fattah, Khaled ve Karin Marie Fierke (2009), “A Clash of Emotions: The Politics of Humiliation and Political Violence in the Middle East”, European Journal of International Relations, 15 (1): 67-93.
  • Fluck, Matthew (2017), The Concept of Truth in International Relations Theory: Critical Thought Beyond Post-Positivism (London: Palgrave Macmillan).
  • Frankfurt, Harry G. (2005), On Bullshit (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
  • Gür, Kübra, Sare Civelek ve Bahar Yalın (2022), “Hakikat Ötesi (Post-truth) Çağın “Demokrasi” Anlayışı: Dijital Demokrasi Deneyimini Hater Filmi Üzerinden Okumak”, 4. Boyut Medya ve Kültüral Çalışmalar Dergisi, 21: 33-53.
  • Güven, Ahmet (2020), “Hakikatin Yitimi Olarak Post-Truth: Bir Kavramsallaştırma Denemesi”, İnsan ve İnsan, 7 (23): 20-36.
  • Hofstadter, Richard (1964), The Paranoid Style in American Politics, and Other Essays (New York: Knopf).
  • Hopf, Ted (2010), “The Logic of Habit in International Relations”, European Journal of International Relations, 16 (4): 539-561.
  • Jasper, James M. (2006), “Emotions and the Microfoundations of Politics: Rethinking Ends and Means”, Clarke, Simon, Paul Hoggett ve Simon Thompson (Der.), Emotions, Politics and Society (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan): 14-30.
  • Keyes, Ralph (2004), The Post-Truth Era: Dishonesty and Deception in Contemporary Life (New York: St. Martin's Press).
  • Köktürk, Milay (2020), “Post-Truth ya da Mağaraya Dönüş”, Pasajlar Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4: 35-55.
  • Linklater, Andrew (2014), “Anger and World Politics: How Collective Emotions Shift Over Time”, International Theory, 6 (3): 574-578.
  • Maiz, Ramón (2011), “The Political Mind and Its Other”, Engelken-Jorge, Marcos, Pedro Ibarra Güell ve Carmelo Moreno del Río (Der.), Politics and Emotions: The Obama Phenomenon (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften): 29-70.
  • Marcus, George E. (1999), “Introduction: The Paranoid Style Now”, Marcus, George E. (Der.), Paranoia within Reason: A Casebook on Conspiracy as Explanations (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press): 1-12.
  • McGlinchey, Stephen, Leo S. F. Lin, Zeynep Selin Balcı ve Patrick Vernon (2022), Global Politics in a Post-Truth Age, (Bristol, England: E-International Relations Publishing).
  • McIntyre, Lee C. (2018), Post-truth (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press).
  • McIntyre, Lee C. (2019), Hakikat-Sonrası (İstanbul: Tellekt) (Çev. Mehmet F. Biçici).
  • McNeil, William (2004), Dünya Tarihi (İstanbul: İmge) (Çev. Alaeddin Şenel).
  • Mercer, Jonathan (2014), “Feeling like a State: Social Emotion and Identity”, International Theory, 6 (3): 515-535.
  • Mertek, Sefa (2020), “Post Truth’u Hannah Arendt ile Okumak”, Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, 25 (97): 205-225.
  • Mirowsky, John ve Catherine E. Ross (1983), “Paranoia and the Structure of Powerlessness”, American Sociological Review, 48 (2): 228-239.
  • Önder, Özden (2022), “Remembering Hannah Arendt in the “Post-Truth” Era”, Arete Politik Felsefe Dergisi, 2 (1): 7-23.
  • Ost, David (2004), “Politics as the Mobilization of Anger: Emotions in Movements and in Power”, European Journal of Social Theory, 7 (2): 229-244.
  • Oxford-Dictionaries (2016), “Post-Truth”, https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/post-truth?q=Post-Truth (02.01.2021).
  • Özer, Yunus Emre (2023), “Post-Truth, Post-Truth Siyaset ve Yerel Düzeye Etkileri: Etik İlkeler Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 55: 365-377.
  • Pipes, Daniel (1996), The Hidden Hand: Middle East Fears of Conspiracy (New York: St. Martin’s Press).
  • Prozorov, Sergei (2019), “Why is There Truth? Foucault in the Age of Post-Truth Politics”, Constellations, 26 (1): 18-30.
  • Read, Rupert ve Timur Uçan (2019), “Introduction: ‘Post-Truth’?”, Nordic Wittgenstein Review, Special Issue: 5-22.
  • Robins, Robert S. ve Jerrold M. Post (1997), Political Paranoia: The Psychopolitics of Hatred (New Haven: Yale University Press).
  • Sarıhan, Zekeriya ve Raci Taşçıoğlu (2022), “Post-Truth Çağında Sosyal Medyanın Kamuoyu Oluşturma Gücü: Yeni İnfaz Düzenlemesi Örneği”, İNİF E-Dergi, 7 (1): 129-150.
  • Sartori, Giovanni (1970), “Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics”, The American Political Science Review, 64 (4): 1033-1053.
  • Sartori, Giovanni (1984), Social Science Concepts: A Systematic Analysis (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications).
  • Sasley, Brent E. (2011), “Theorizing States’ Emotions”, International Studies Review, 13 (3): 452-476.
  • Schindler, Sebastian (2020), “The Task of Critique in Times of Post-Truth Politics”, Review of International Studies, 46 (3): 376-394.
  • Schuessler, Jennifer (2016), “‘Post-Truth’ Defeats ‘Alt-Right’ as Oxford’s Word of the Year”, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/16/arts/post-truth-defeats-alt-right-as-oxfords-word-of-the-year.html (10.03.2021).
  • Selim, Ferdi (2023), “Post-Truth Kavramı Üzerine Yeniden Düşünmek”, Kaygı-Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 22 (1): 498-543.
  • Suveren, Yaşar (2023), “Hakikat Savaşları: Postmodern-Postyapısalcı Siyasetin Bakiyesi”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25 (2): 742-760.
  • Tanrioven, Nail (2016), “Ordinary Othering and Re-discovery of the Self: Living and Unveiling the Representation of the Other among the Ordinary Turks”, Ph.D. Dissertation (University of Florida, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Gainesville, FL).
  • Tesich, Steve (1992), “A Government of Lies”, The Nation: 1-6.
  • Tesich, Steve (2021), “Yalanlar Rejimi”, Cogito, 104: 23-28, (Çev. Eren Ekin Ercan).
  • Ülkeryıldız, Evren ve Nilay Özcan Uslu (2021), “Hakikat Sonrası Bilincin Siber-Mekân Üzerinden Üretimi: Ağdaşın Kamusal Mekânı”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22 (1): 293-303.
  • Vogelmann, Frieder (2018), “The Problem of Post-Truth. Rethinking the Relationship between Truth and Politics”, Behemoth: A Journal on Civilisation, 2 (11): 18-97.
  • Weir, Lorna (2008), “The Concept of Truth Regime”, The Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers Canadiens de Sociologie, 33 (2): 367-389.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nail Tanrıöven 0000-0003-2572-3013

Publication Date October 19, 2023
Submission Date April 19, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Tanrıöven, N. (2023). Bir Benlik Krizi Olarak Post-Truth: Rasyonel Batı ve Duygusal Öteki Arasındaki Farkın Seyrelmesi. Alternatif Politika, 15(3), 608-630. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.23
AMA Tanrıöven N. Bir Benlik Krizi Olarak Post-Truth: Rasyonel Batı ve Duygusal Öteki Arasındaki Farkın Seyrelmesi. Altern. Polit. October 2023;15(3):608-630. doi:10.53376/ap.2023.23
Chicago Tanrıöven, Nail. “Bir Benlik Krizi Olarak Post-Truth: Rasyonel Batı Ve Duygusal Öteki Arasındaki Farkın Seyrelmesi”. Alternatif Politika 15, no. 3 (October 2023): 608-30. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.23.
EndNote Tanrıöven N (October 1, 2023) Bir Benlik Krizi Olarak Post-Truth: Rasyonel Batı ve Duygusal Öteki Arasındaki Farkın Seyrelmesi. Alternatif Politika 15 3 608–630.
IEEE N. Tanrıöven, “Bir Benlik Krizi Olarak Post-Truth: Rasyonel Batı ve Duygusal Öteki Arasındaki Farkın Seyrelmesi”, Altern. Polit., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 608–630, 2023, doi: 10.53376/ap.2023.23.
ISNAD Tanrıöven, Nail. “Bir Benlik Krizi Olarak Post-Truth: Rasyonel Batı Ve Duygusal Öteki Arasındaki Farkın Seyrelmesi”. Alternatif Politika 15/3 (October 2023), 608-630. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.23.
JAMA Tanrıöven N. Bir Benlik Krizi Olarak Post-Truth: Rasyonel Batı ve Duygusal Öteki Arasındaki Farkın Seyrelmesi. Altern. Polit. 2023;15:608–630.
MLA Tanrıöven, Nail. “Bir Benlik Krizi Olarak Post-Truth: Rasyonel Batı Ve Duygusal Öteki Arasındaki Farkın Seyrelmesi”. Alternatif Politika, vol. 15, no. 3, 2023, pp. 608-30, doi:10.53376/ap.2023.23.
Vancouver Tanrıöven N. Bir Benlik Krizi Olarak Post-Truth: Rasyonel Batı ve Duygusal Öteki Arasındaki Farkın Seyrelmesi. Altern. Polit. 2023;15(3):608-30.

Cited By