Bağlanma Stilleri, Eş Seçimi ve Evlilik Öncesi Psikolojik Danışma

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 24 - 44, 29.06.2025

Başak Elif Bitgi , Canan Çitil Akyol

https://doi.org/10.58434/apdad.1574883

Öz

Bu derleme makalesi, bağlanma teorisinin tarihsel gelişimi ve yetişkinlikteki romantik ilişkiler üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Freud’un temel dürtü kuramına göre, bireyler ilk kaygılarını anne karnını terk ettiklerinde yaşarlar. Bowlby, bakım verenle kurulan ilişkinin sadece açlığı gidermek için olmadığını belirterek bağlanma teorisini oluşturmuştur. Ainsworth, Bowlby’in çalışmalarına davranışsal boyut kazandırarak güvenli, kaygılı ve kaçıngan bağlanma stillerini tanımlamıştır. Main ve Solomon, düzensiz bağlanma stilini eklemiştir. Bağlanma stilleri, bireylerin tüm gelişim dönemlerinde olduğu gibi yetişkinlikteki romantik ilişkilerinde belirleyici etkiye sahiptir. Güvenli bağlanan bireyler, sağlıklı ve işlevsel ilişkiler kurma eğilimindedir. Kaçıngan bağlanan bireyler, ikili ilişkilerde güvende hissetmez ve partnerlerine karşı soğuk davranırlar. Kaygılı bağlanan bireyler ise terk edilme korkusuyla hareket eder ve yoğun kaygı yaşarlar. Araştırmalar, bağlanma stillerinin evlilik öncesi çift danışmanlığında ve evlilik kaygısının yönetiminde önemli rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, bağlanma stilleri, eş seçimi kriterlerinde ve romantik ilişkilerde yaşanan sorunlara karşı başa çıkma stratejilerinde belirleyici faktörlerdir. Bu makale, bağlanma teorisinin romantik ilişkilerdeki önemini vurgulamakta ve çift terapisi uygulamalarında kullanılabilecek stratejilere ışık tutmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bağlanma Teorisi, Romantik İlişkiler, Bağlanma Stilleri, Evlilik Öncesi Çift Danışmanlığı

Attachment Styles, Mate Selection and Premarital Couple Counseling

Öz

In this review article examines the historical development of attachment theory and its effects on romantic relationships in adulthood. According to Freud's drive theory, individuals experience their first anxiety when leaving the womb. Bowlby developed attachment theory, emphasizing that the relationship with the mother or caregiver is not solely for satisfying hunger. Ainsworth added a behavioral dimension to Bowlby’s work by defining secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment styles. Main and Solomon introduced the disorganized attachment style. Attachment styles significantly influence individuals' romantic relationships in adulthood. Securely attached individuals tend to form healthy and functional relationships. Avoidantly attached individuals do not feel secure in relationships and behave coldly towards their partners. Anxiously attached individuals act out of a fear of abandonment and experience intense anxiety. Research shows that attachment styles play a crucial role in premarital couple counseling and managing marital anxiety. Additionally, attachment styles are determining factors in partner selection criteria and coping strategies for relationship issues. This article highlights the importance of attachment theory in romantic relationships and sheds light on strategies that can be used in couple therapy practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Attachment Theory, Romantic Relationships, Attachment Styles, Premarital Couple Counseling

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