Tedarik Zincirinde Kaos: Bir Literatür Taraması

Abstract

Tedarik zinciri ,ürün veya hizmetin  tedarikçiden başlayıp son  müşteriye ulaşana  kadar ki süreçte birçok varlık ve etmen arasındaki etkileşimlerin bütününden oluşan  dinamik bir sistemdir. Zamanla artan müşteri sayıları ve bağlantılarıyla değişen ilişkiler bu dinamik sistemi daha karmaşık hale getirmektedir. Giderek büyüyen bu sistem karmaşıklığı öngürülemez sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Bu karmaşıklığın nedeni olarak gözlenebilen ya da gözlenemeyen birçok faktör gösterilebilir. Rekabet ortamının arttığı  global dünyada firmalar bu karmaşıklığı çözmenin en iyi yolu olarak tedarik zincirinin her halkasının kusursuz işlemesi  olarak görmektedir. Halkanın içerisinde etkisi yok denecek kadar küçük olduğu düşünülüp  göz ardı edilen bir kısım faktörlerin etkilerinin büyük olduğu, yapılan analizlerle ortaya konmuştur. Zincirin  herhangi bir yerindeki küçük bir aksaklık ise tedarik zincirinde önlenemez bir kaosa yol açabilmektedir. Öngörülemezlik nedeniyle başlangıç koşullarında yapılan ufak bir değişiklik veya bir hata tedarik zinciri sistemi yönetiminin sonuçlarında beklenmedik büyük dalgalanmalara ve güçlüklere sebep olacaktır. Literatürde yapılan bazı çalışmalara göre tedarik zinciri sistemi,  kaos kuramının temeli olan kelebek etkisine en iyi örneklerden biridir. Bu çalışmada, tedarik zinciri yönetimi konusunda sistemdeki  kaotik durumların ortaya konması, bundan kaçınmak için yapılabilecek çalışmalar ve kaos kontrolü gibi  tedarik zinciri sistemi içerisinde kaos kuramının varlığı ile ilgili makaleler, bildiriler ve doktora seviyesindeki tezleri araştırmak ve bu ilişkiyi inceleyen araştırmacılara kolaylık sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda kaos kuramının karar verme rolü, tedarik zincirinin kaotik niteliklerinin irdelenmesi, matematiksel model oluşturma ile kaotik yapısının incelenmesi, kaos kontrol ve senkronizasyon konuları üzerinde durulduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

• Kaos,Tedarik Zinciri

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