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Darbeli DC Sinterleme Sistemi Konteynerinin Soğumasına Yönelik Termal Devre Modeli

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 398 - 402, 28.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.21541/apjes.523471

Abstract

Darbe DC Sinterleme (PDCS), darbe genlik modülasyonlu doğru akım kullanarak farklı tipte malzemelerin ucuz ve hızlı biçimde üretilmesini sağlayan bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntemde numunenin sinterlenmesinden sonra, PDCS konteynerinin soğuması gerekir. Toplam üretim süresi sinterleme ve soğuma süresinin toplamıdır. Bu nedenle, numune üretim zamanını modellemek için numune soğuma süresinin belirlenmesi gereklidir. Kalıp boyutları ve üretilen malzeme, soğuma sırasındaki sıcaklığı belirler. Bu çalışmada, soğuma sırasındaki elektrik akım destekli sinterleme sistemi konteynerini modelleyen bir termal devre sunulmuştur. Isı devresi modeli, çelik konteynerden bakır baralara ısı transferi olduğu; bakır baralar ve konteynerin soğuma için doğal taşınıma sahip yayınım ile ısı yaydığı yaptığı kabulüyle oluşturulmuştur. Termal model, doğrusal olmayan durum-uzay denklemleri ile tanımlanmış ve denklemler numerik olarak Runge-Kutta 4 metodu kullanılarak çözülmüştür. Numunenin ortam sıcaklığına kadar soğuması için gereken süre simülasyonlar kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, konteyner ve bakır bara sıcaklıkları deneysel olarak ölçülen bir PDCS sisteminden elde edilen sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Deneysel olarak, soğuma süresinin, incelenen PDCS sistemi için üretilen numune tipine bağlı olmadığı da gösterilmiştir. Böyle bir model, PDCS sisteminin numune üretim sürecini modellemeyi amaçlayan bir algoritmaya ve bunu gerçekleyecek donanıma kolayca uygulanabilir. Ayrıca önerilen model; boyutlar, elektriksel ve mekanik sabitler vb. fiziksel parametreleri dikkate alarak gerçekleştirilebilecek optimizasyon süreçlerinde kullanılabilir.

References

  • 1. Orrù, R., Licheri, R., Locci, A.M., Cincotti, A., Cao, G.: Consolidation/synthesis of materials by electric current activated/assisted sintering. Mater. Sci. Eng. R Reports. 63, 127–287 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.mser.2008.09.003
  • 2. Groza, J.R., Zavaliangos, A.: Sintering activation by external electrical field. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 287, 171–177 (2000). doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(00)00771-1
  • 3. Yener, T., Güler, S., Siddique, S., Walther, F., Zeytin, S.: Determination of the young modulus of Ti-TiAl3 metallic intermetallic laminate composites by nano-indentation. Acta Phys. Pol. A. 129, (2016). doi:10.12693/APhysPolA.129.604
  • 4. Wang, X., Casolco, S.R., Xu, G., Garay, J.E.: Finite element modeling of electric current-activated sintering: The effect of coupled electrical potential, temperature and stress. Acta Mater. 55, 3611–3622 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.022
  • 5. Grasso, S., Sakka, Y., Maizza, G.: Electric current activated/assisted sintering ( ECAS ): a review of patents 1906–2008. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 10, 53001 (2009). doi:10.1088/1468-6996/10/5/053001
  • 6. Morsi, K., Patel, V. V, Moon, K.S., Garay, J.E.: Current-activated pressure-assisted sintering (CAPAS) and nanoindentation mapping of dual matrix composites. J. Mater. Sci. 43, 4050–4056 (2008). doi:10.1007/s10853-007-2225-2
  • 7. Yoruk, G., Ozdemir, O.: The evaluation of NiAl- and TiAl-based intermetallic coatings produced on the AISI 1010 steel by an electric current-activated sintering method. Intermetallics. 25, 60–65 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.02.006
  • 8. Yener, T., Zeytin, S.: Synthesis and characterization of metallic-intermetallic Ti-TiAl3, Nb-Ti-TiAl3 composites produced with Electric-Current-Activated Sintering (ECAS). Mater. Tehnol. 48, (2014)
  • 9. Zhou, M., Rodrigo, D., Cheng, Y.-B.: Effects of the electric current on conductive Si3N4/TiN composites in spark plasma sintering. J. Alloys Compd. 547, 51–58 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.08.091
  • 10. Yener, T., Zeytin, S.: Production and Characterization of Niobium Toughened Ti-TiAl 3 Metallic-Intermetallic Composite. Acta Phys. Pol. A. 132, 941–943 (2017). doi:10.12693/APhysPolA.132.941
  • 11. Ozsoy, M., Kurnaz, C.: An Optimization Study of a Hydraulic Gear Pump Cover with Finite Element Method. Acta Phys. Pol. A. 132, 944–948 (2017). doi:10.12693/APhysPolA.132.944
  • 12. Ozsoy, M., Pehlivan, K., Firat, M., Ozsoy, N., Ucar, V.: Structural Strength and Fatigue Life Calculation of Y32 Bogie Frame by Finite Element Method. Acta Phys. Pol. A. 128, 327–329 (2015). doi:10.12693/APhysPolA.128.B-327
  • 13. Shelton, S.M.: Thermal conductivity of some irons and steels over the temperature range 100 to 500 C. Bur. Stand. J. Res. 12, 441 (1934). doi:10.6028/jres.012.042
  • 14. Çengel, Y.A.: Heat and mass transfer : a practical approach. McGraw-Hill (2007)

Thermal Circuit Model of the Pulse DC Sintering System Container During Cooling

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 398 - 402, 28.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.21541/apjes.523471

Abstract

Pulse DC Sintering System (PDCS) is a cheap and quick way of producing different types of materials. After sintering of the sample, the cooling of the PDCS container is needed before taking it out. The sample production time is the sum of the sintering and the cooling time. Therefore, estimation of the sample cooling time must be made accurately to model sample production. Its container dimensions and the material, it is made of, determines its temperature during cooling. In this paper, a thermal circuit which models a pulse DC sintering system container during cooling is given. Its thermal circuit model is made assuming that some heat leaks from the steel container to the cooper bars, the copper bars and the container all have natural convection and also radiate heat to cool down. The thermal model is described with a set of nonlinear state-space equations. The state-space equations are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta 4 method.  The time required to make the sample cool down to ambient temperature is calculated using simulations. The temperatures of the container and the copper bars of an PDCS system are measured to find the experimental cooling time. The results are compared. The PDCS thermal model is able to verify the experimental results. It has also been experimentally shown that the cooling time is not dependent on the sample type produced for the examined PDCS system. Such a model can be easily implemented in an engineering software which aims to model the sample production process of the PDCS system and can also be used for its optimization considering its physical parameters such as dimensions, electrical and mechanical constants etc.

References

  • 1. Orrù, R., Licheri, R., Locci, A.M., Cincotti, A., Cao, G.: Consolidation/synthesis of materials by electric current activated/assisted sintering. Mater. Sci. Eng. R Reports. 63, 127–287 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.mser.2008.09.003
  • 2. Groza, J.R., Zavaliangos, A.: Sintering activation by external electrical field. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 287, 171–177 (2000). doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(00)00771-1
  • 3. Yener, T., Güler, S., Siddique, S., Walther, F., Zeytin, S.: Determination of the young modulus of Ti-TiAl3 metallic intermetallic laminate composites by nano-indentation. Acta Phys. Pol. A. 129, (2016). doi:10.12693/APhysPolA.129.604
  • 4. Wang, X., Casolco, S.R., Xu, G., Garay, J.E.: Finite element modeling of electric current-activated sintering: The effect of coupled electrical potential, temperature and stress. Acta Mater. 55, 3611–3622 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.022
  • 5. Grasso, S., Sakka, Y., Maizza, G.: Electric current activated/assisted sintering ( ECAS ): a review of patents 1906–2008. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 10, 53001 (2009). doi:10.1088/1468-6996/10/5/053001
  • 6. Morsi, K., Patel, V. V, Moon, K.S., Garay, J.E.: Current-activated pressure-assisted sintering (CAPAS) and nanoindentation mapping of dual matrix composites. J. Mater. Sci. 43, 4050–4056 (2008). doi:10.1007/s10853-007-2225-2
  • 7. Yoruk, G., Ozdemir, O.: The evaluation of NiAl- and TiAl-based intermetallic coatings produced on the AISI 1010 steel by an electric current-activated sintering method. Intermetallics. 25, 60–65 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.02.006
  • 8. Yener, T., Zeytin, S.: Synthesis and characterization of metallic-intermetallic Ti-TiAl3, Nb-Ti-TiAl3 composites produced with Electric-Current-Activated Sintering (ECAS). Mater. Tehnol. 48, (2014)
  • 9. Zhou, M., Rodrigo, D., Cheng, Y.-B.: Effects of the electric current on conductive Si3N4/TiN composites in spark plasma sintering. J. Alloys Compd. 547, 51–58 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.08.091
  • 10. Yener, T., Zeytin, S.: Production and Characterization of Niobium Toughened Ti-TiAl 3 Metallic-Intermetallic Composite. Acta Phys. Pol. A. 132, 941–943 (2017). doi:10.12693/APhysPolA.132.941
  • 11. Ozsoy, M., Kurnaz, C.: An Optimization Study of a Hydraulic Gear Pump Cover with Finite Element Method. Acta Phys. Pol. A. 132, 944–948 (2017). doi:10.12693/APhysPolA.132.944
  • 12. Ozsoy, M., Pehlivan, K., Firat, M., Ozsoy, N., Ucar, V.: Structural Strength and Fatigue Life Calculation of Y32 Bogie Frame by Finite Element Method. Acta Phys. Pol. A. 128, 327–329 (2015). doi:10.12693/APhysPolA.128.B-327
  • 13. Shelton, S.M.: Thermal conductivity of some irons and steels over the temperature range 100 to 500 C. Bur. Stand. J. Res. 12, 441 (1934). doi:10.6028/jres.012.042
  • 14. Çengel, Y.A.: Heat and mass transfer : a practical approach. McGraw-Hill (2007)
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tuba Yener 0000-0002-2908-8507

Suayb Cagri Yener 0000-0002-6211-3751

Reşat Mutlu 0000-0003-0030-7136

Publication Date September 28, 2019
Submission Date February 6, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

IEEE T. Yener, S. C. Yener, and R. Mutlu, “Thermal Circuit Model of the Pulse DC Sintering System Container During Cooling”, APJES, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 398–402, 2019, doi: 10.21541/apjes.523471.