Physiological and Biochemical Components of Salt Tolerance in Plants

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 155 - 174, 28.01.2020

Ali Doğru Serkan Canavar

https://doi.org/10.21541/apjes.541620

Cited By: 13

Abstract

Salt stress is one of the abiotic stress factors that restricting
agricultural productivity throughout the world. Soil salinity may lead to a
decrease in the amount of photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic activity,
and eventually to slow down the growth rate in plants. However, some plant
species are salt-tolerant and have the ability to complete their life cycle
under high salt concentrations. Salt-tolerant plants may accumulate certain
organic substances in their tissues, such as soluble carbohydrates, soluble
proteins, some aminoacids, quaternary ammonium compounds and polyols. These
organic substances are responsible for minimizing water loss, providing
cellular osmoregulation and detoxification of active oxygen species (AOS) in
salt-tolerant plants. Salt stress could also result in oxidative stress by
accelerating AOS formation in plants. Therefore, salt-tolerant plants must have
an effective antioxidant activity. In this review, the relationship between
salt tolerance and some physiological and biochemical changes in plants under
salt stress is discussed.

Keywords

Antioxidant system, plant growth, salt stress, salt tolerance

Bitkilerde Tuz Toleransının Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Bileşenleri

Abstract

Tuz stresi dünyada tarımsal
verimliliği kısıtlayan en önemli abiyotik stres faktörlerinden biridir. Toprak
tuzluluğu bitkilerde fotosentetik pigment miktarını ve fotosentetik aktiviteyi,
sonuçta da büyüme hızını azaltabilmektedir. Ancak bazı bitki türleri tuza
toleranslıdır ve yüksek tuz konsantrasyonlarında yaşam döngülerini
tamamlayabilir. Tuza toleranslı bitkiler çözünür karbohidratlar, çözünür
proteinler, bazı amino asitler, kuaterner amonyum bileşikleri ve polioller gibi
bazı organik bileşikleri dokularında biriktirebilir. Bu organik bileşikler tuza
toleranslı bitkilerde su kaybını minimum seviyeye indirmekten, hücresel
ozmoregülasyonun sağlanmasından ve aktif oksijen türlerinin
detoksifikasyonundan sorumludur. Tuz stresi aynı zamanda bitkilerde aktif
oksijen türlerinin oluşum hızını artırarak oksidatif strese neden olabilir. Bu
durumda tuza toleranslı bitkilerin etkili bir antioksidant sisteme sahip olması
gerekir. Bu derlemede, tuz stresi altındaki bitkilerde meydana gelen bazı
fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal değişimlerle tuz toleransı arasındaki ilişki tartışılmıştır.
  

Keywords

Antioksidant sistem, bitki büyümesi, tuz stresi, tuz toleransı

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