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Fotometrik Flicker Olayının İnsana Etkileri ve Bunların Tıbbi Olmayan Tespit Yöntemleri

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 223 - 228, 29.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.21541/apjes.833114

Abstract

Fotometrik Flicker olayı diğer bir deyişle Geçici Işık Modülasyonu hem insanoğlu tarafından görsel olarak fark edilir hem de fark edilmez seviyelerde gerçekleşmektedir. Buna rağmen insan beyni ve vücudu bu olayın direk ya da tetikleyici etkileri sonucunda bazı rahatsızlıklarla karşılaşmakta ya da mevcut rahatsızlıkları artmaktadır. Fotometrik Flicker olayı geniş bir frekans bandında gerçekleşmektedir. Özellikle düşük frekanslarda hastalığa bağlı olarak nöbet geçirme, hastalığın ilerlemesi ya da baş ağrısı, görme bozukluğu gibi direk olarak insan biyolojisinin olumsuz etkilenmesi söz konusu olabilir. Fotometrik Flicker olayı ile en fazla ilişkisi bulunan rahatsızlıklar epilepsi, migren ve vertigo olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca literatürde sebepsiz baş ağrısı, iş görmede performans düşüklüğü, algı kayıp ve yanılmaları sıklıkla rapor edilmiştir. Aydınlatma tasarımı yapılırken düşük ve yüksek risk grupları hem kullanıcılar hem de ışık kaynakları açısından belirlenmeli ve projelendirmeler bu bağlamda yapılmalıdır. Kişilerin Flicker olayından etkilenme düzeylerini belirleyebilmek adına tıbbi ve/veya laboratuvar araştırması gerektirmeyen çeşitli yöntemler kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada Fotometrik Flicker olayının biyolojik etkileri irdelenirken hem bu etkileri ve düzeylerini kolayca belirleyecek yöntemler hem de kullanıcıların olumsuz etkilenmemesi için neler yapılması gerektiği ortaya konulmuştur.

References

  • S.M. Halpin, “Limits for Interharmonics in the 1–100-Hz Range Based on Lamp Flicker Considerations,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 22, pp. 270–276, Jan. 2007.
  • J. E. Evans, I. C. Cuthill, and A. T. D. Bennett, “The effect of Flicker from fluorescent lights on mate choice in captive birds,” Animal Behaviour, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 393–400, 2006.
  • G. F. A. Harding, and P. Jeavons, Photosensitive Epilepsy. London: Mac Keith Press, 1994.
  • A. Wilkins,, J. Veitch, and B. Lehman, “LED lighting Flicker and potential health concerns: IEEE standard PAR1789 update,” Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Atlanta, GA, pp. 171-178, 2010.
  • C. E. Rash, “Awareness of causes and symptoms of Flicker vertigo can limit ill effects,” Human Factors & Aviation Medicine, vol. 51, p. 1–6, 2004.
  • M. G. Masi, L. Peretto, L. Rovait, and R. R. Ansari, “An attempt to understand Flicker vertigo: changes in pupil size and choroidal blood flow under Flickering conditions,” Proceedings of SPIE 7550, Ophthalmic Technologies XX, pp. 75502G–75502G-7, 2010.
  • C. D. Binnie, R. A. de Korte, and T. Wisman, “Fluorescent lighting and epilepsy,” Epilepsia, vol. 20, pp. 725–727, 1979.
  • A. J. Wilkins, I. Nimmo-Smith, A. I. Slater, and L. Bedocs, “Fluorescent lighting, headaches, and eyestrain,” Lighting Research and Technology, vol. 21, p. 11, 1989.
  • S. Shady, D. I. A. MacLeod, and H. S. Fisher, “Adaptation from invisible Flicker,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A., vol. 101, pp. 5170–5173, 2004.
  • C. Yavuz, C. A. Tırmıkçı, B. Ç. Yavuz, “Research into the Effect Of Photometric Flicker Event On The Perception Of Offıce Workers”.. Light Eng. 27(5), 22-27, 2019.
  • L. Stovner, K. Hagen, R. Jensen, Z. Katsarava, R. Lipton, A. Scher, T. Steiner, and J.-A. Zwart, “The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide,” Cephalalgia, vol. 27, pp. 193–210, Mar. 2007.
  • J. A. Veitch, and S. L. McColl, “Modulation of fluorescent light: Flicker rate and light source effects on visual performance and visual comfort,” Lighting Research and Technology, vol. 27, p. 243, 1995.
  • A. Wilkins, “Intermittent illumination from visual display units and fluorescent lighting affects movements of the eyes across text,” Human Factors, vol. 28, pp. 75–81, Feb. 1986.
  • IEEE Power Electronics Society. IEEE S1789-2015. IEEE recommended practices for modulating current in high-brightness LEDs for mitigating health risks to viewers. New York, NY: Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) , 2015.
  • J. R. STROOP, Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662, 1935.
  • C. Yavuz, Flicker Olayının Farklı Yaş Gruplarındaki Ofis Çalışanlarının Algı Düzeyine Etkisi, 10. Ulusal Aydınlatma Sempozyumu, İzmir, Ekim 2019
  • A.J. Wilkins, R.J. Jeanes, P. D. Pumfrey, M. Laskier, “Rate of reading test:Its reliability, and its validity in the assessment of the effects of coloured overlays.” Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 16, 491-497, 1986.

The Effects of Photometric Flicker on Human and Their Non-Medical Detection Methods

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 223 - 228, 29.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.21541/apjes.833114

Abstract

Photometric Flicker event, in other words, Temporal Light Modulation occurs at both visually noticeable and unnoticeable levels by human beings. In spite of this, the human brain and body experience some discomfort as a result of the direct or triggering effects of this event or the existing ailments increase. Photometric Flicker event occurs in a wide frequency band. Especially at low frequencies, due to the disease, seizure, disease progression, or headache, visual impairment may directly affect human biology negatively. The diseases most associated with the photometric Flicker event emerged as epilepsy, migraine and vertigo. In addition, unreasonable headache, poor performance in work, loss and errors of perception are frequently reported in the literature. When making lighting design, low and high risk groups should be determined in terms of both users and light sources, and projects should be made in this context. Various methods that do not require medical and / or laboratory research can be used to determine the level of exposure to the Flicker event. In this study, while examining the biological effects of Photometric Flicker, both the methods to easily determine these effects and their levels and what should be done to prevent the users from being adversely affected have been revealed.

References

  • S.M. Halpin, “Limits for Interharmonics in the 1–100-Hz Range Based on Lamp Flicker Considerations,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 22, pp. 270–276, Jan. 2007.
  • J. E. Evans, I. C. Cuthill, and A. T. D. Bennett, “The effect of Flicker from fluorescent lights on mate choice in captive birds,” Animal Behaviour, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 393–400, 2006.
  • G. F. A. Harding, and P. Jeavons, Photosensitive Epilepsy. London: Mac Keith Press, 1994.
  • A. Wilkins,, J. Veitch, and B. Lehman, “LED lighting Flicker and potential health concerns: IEEE standard PAR1789 update,” Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Atlanta, GA, pp. 171-178, 2010.
  • C. E. Rash, “Awareness of causes and symptoms of Flicker vertigo can limit ill effects,” Human Factors & Aviation Medicine, vol. 51, p. 1–6, 2004.
  • M. G. Masi, L. Peretto, L. Rovait, and R. R. Ansari, “An attempt to understand Flicker vertigo: changes in pupil size and choroidal blood flow under Flickering conditions,” Proceedings of SPIE 7550, Ophthalmic Technologies XX, pp. 75502G–75502G-7, 2010.
  • C. D. Binnie, R. A. de Korte, and T. Wisman, “Fluorescent lighting and epilepsy,” Epilepsia, vol. 20, pp. 725–727, 1979.
  • A. J. Wilkins, I. Nimmo-Smith, A. I. Slater, and L. Bedocs, “Fluorescent lighting, headaches, and eyestrain,” Lighting Research and Technology, vol. 21, p. 11, 1989.
  • S. Shady, D. I. A. MacLeod, and H. S. Fisher, “Adaptation from invisible Flicker,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A., vol. 101, pp. 5170–5173, 2004.
  • C. Yavuz, C. A. Tırmıkçı, B. Ç. Yavuz, “Research into the Effect Of Photometric Flicker Event On The Perception Of Offıce Workers”.. Light Eng. 27(5), 22-27, 2019.
  • L. Stovner, K. Hagen, R. Jensen, Z. Katsarava, R. Lipton, A. Scher, T. Steiner, and J.-A. Zwart, “The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide,” Cephalalgia, vol. 27, pp. 193–210, Mar. 2007.
  • J. A. Veitch, and S. L. McColl, “Modulation of fluorescent light: Flicker rate and light source effects on visual performance and visual comfort,” Lighting Research and Technology, vol. 27, p. 243, 1995.
  • A. Wilkins, “Intermittent illumination from visual display units and fluorescent lighting affects movements of the eyes across text,” Human Factors, vol. 28, pp. 75–81, Feb. 1986.
  • IEEE Power Electronics Society. IEEE S1789-2015. IEEE recommended practices for modulating current in high-brightness LEDs for mitigating health risks to viewers. New York, NY: Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) , 2015.
  • J. R. STROOP, Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662, 1935.
  • C. Yavuz, Flicker Olayının Farklı Yaş Gruplarındaki Ofis Çalışanlarının Algı Düzeyine Etkisi, 10. Ulusal Aydınlatma Sempozyumu, İzmir, Ekim 2019
  • A.J. Wilkins, R.J. Jeanes, P. D. Pumfrey, M. Laskier, “Rate of reading test:Its reliability, and its validity in the assessment of the effects of coloured overlays.” Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 16, 491-497, 1986.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Cenk Yavuz 0000-0002-4325-2852

Ceyda Aksoy Tırmıkçı This is me 0000-0003-0354-4022

Publication Date January 29, 2021
Submission Date November 29, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE C. Yavuz and C. Aksoy Tırmıkçı, “Fotometrik Flicker Olayının İnsana Etkileri ve Bunların Tıbbi Olmayan Tespit Yöntemleri”, APJES, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 223–228, 2021, doi: 10.21541/apjes.833114.