Human–AI Collaboration in Immersive Simulation–Enhanced Product Design: An Autoethnographic Comparison of Conventional and AI-Assisted Workflows

Hüseyin Özkal Özsoy

doi:10.21541/apjess.1737010

Human–AI Collaboration in Immersive Simulation–Enhanced Product Design: An Autoethnographic Comparison of Conventional and AI-Assisted Workflows

Abstract

This study examines human–AI collaboration in immersive simulation–enhanced product design through an autoethnographic comparison of conventional and AI-assisted workflows. Using the conceptual design of an electric motorbike as a representative case, the author conducted two parallel design processes: one following a traditional human-centered approach and the other integrating AI-supported ideation through the Vizcom AI platform. In both workflows, SolidWorks was used for parametric modeling, and Unreal Engine served as an immersive simulation environment enabling high-fidelity visualization, interaction, and virtual evaluation under consistent conditions. The workflows were evaluated using a shared set of qualitative and semi-quantitative metrics, including design innovation, aesthetic coherence, functional usability, manufacturability, and cognitive load. Data were primarily derived from structured reflective journaling, documenting decision-making rationales, iteration cycles, and experiential differences between AI-assisted and non-AI processes. The comparative analysis reveals that AI support substantially accelerates early-stage ideation and increases formal diversity and visual novelty. However, AI-generated proposals frequently required human correction and contextual judgment to address usability and manufacturability constraints. The immersive simulation environment facilitated iterative assessment by enabling real-time evaluations of spatial, ergonomic, and interaction-based aspects across both workflows. Rather than positioning AI as a substitute for human expertise, the findings highlight a shift in the designer’s role toward curation, critical evaluation, and interpretive control. The study contributes a transparent, process-oriented framework for examining human–AI collaboration in product design, offering insights that are transferable to a broad range of smart and interactive product development contexts.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This study is an autoethnographic investigation conducted solely by the author, who also served as the sole participant in the research process. No external participants were involved, and no personal or sensitive data from third parties were collected or analyzed. As such, the study does not fall under the category of research requiring formal ethical approval by an institutional review board or ethics committee. The research adhered to principles of academic integrity, transparency, and methodological rigor. All design decisions, procedural steps, and evaluative judgments were documented in a reflective journal to ensure traceability and internal validity. No deception, risk of harm, or coercion was involved at any stage of the research. The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest related to the subject matter, tools, or findings presented in this study.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Supervised Learning, Software Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Hüseyin Özkal Özsoy ^*
0000-0001-5531-3539
Türkiye

Publication Date

May 31, 2026

Submission Date

July 8, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 18, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 14 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.21541/apjess.1737010

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA44SL33FW

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Özsoy, H. Ö. (2026). Human–AI Collaboration in Immersive Simulation–Enhanced Product Design: An Autoethnographic Comparison of Conventional and AI-Assisted Workflows. Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Smart Systems, 14(2), 85-104. https://doi.org/10.21541/apjess.1737010

AMA

1.Özsoy HÖ. Human–AI Collaboration in Immersive Simulation–Enhanced Product Design: An Autoethnographic Comparison of Conventional and AI-Assisted Workflows. APJESS. 2026;14(2):85-104. doi:10.21541/apjess.1737010

Chicago

Özsoy, Hüseyin Özkal. 2026. “Human–AI Collaboration in Immersive Simulation–Enhanced Product Design: An Autoethnographic Comparison of Conventional and AI-Assisted Workflows”. Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Smart Systems 14 (2): 85-104. https://doi.org/10.21541/apjess.1737010.

EndNote

Özsoy HÖ (May 1, 2026) Human–AI Collaboration in Immersive Simulation–Enhanced Product Design: An Autoethnographic Comparison of Conventional and AI-Assisted Workflows. Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Smart Systems 14 2 85–104.

IEEE

[1]H. Ö. Özsoy, “Human–AI Collaboration in Immersive Simulation–Enhanced Product Design: An Autoethnographic Comparison of Conventional and AI-Assisted Workflows”, APJESS, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 85–104, May 2026, doi: 10.21541/apjess.1737010.

ISNAD

Özsoy, Hüseyin Özkal. “Human–AI Collaboration in Immersive Simulation–Enhanced Product Design: An Autoethnographic Comparison of Conventional and AI-Assisted Workflows”. Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Smart Systems 14/2 (May 1, 2026): 85-104. https://doi.org/10.21541/apjess.1737010.

JAMA

1.Özsoy HÖ. Human–AI Collaboration in Immersive Simulation–Enhanced Product Design: An Autoethnographic Comparison of Conventional and AI-Assisted Workflows. APJESS. 2026;14:85–104.

MLA

Özsoy, Hüseyin Özkal. “Human–AI Collaboration in Immersive Simulation–Enhanced Product Design: An Autoethnographic Comparison of Conventional and AI-Assisted Workflows”. Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Smart Systems, vol. 14, no. 2, May 2026, pp. 85-104, doi:10.21541/apjess.1737010.

Vancouver

1.Hüseyin Özkal Özsoy. Human–AI Collaboration in Immersive Simulation–Enhanced Product Design: An Autoethnographic Comparison of Conventional and AI-Assisted Workflows. APJESS. 2026 May 1;14(2):85-104. doi:10.21541/apjess.1737010