Review: Understanding of Natural Disaster Risk Management and Where Turkey Stands in the Picture

Abstract

Disaster risk management stays a continuous multi-layered understanding, evaluating, controlling, and measuring of the process of the natural catastrophe. Disaster risk management consists of four stages which are identifying the hazard, assessing the risk, controlling the risk, and measuring the risk control. Hazard will refer in the paper the natural perils. Meantime, it is proved that global warming affects the frequency and the magnitude of extreme natural hazards. And the natural disaster profile of Turkey is also influenced. Unfortunately, the country suffers immensely in loss of human, economic, and time and it steps forward to prevent the following losses. Turkey is also one of the countries which signed on the Sendai Framework that guides countries to manage and overcome the possible due to natural hazards in the globe. To avert the risk at any level, identification and prevention of the existing risks, control and monitor of the risk, mental and physical preparedness, and avoidance of new risk constructions are vital. It needs to be emphasized that the involvement of people at each stage is essential to reach success.

Keywords

• Hazard
• Risk Management
• Assessment
• Reduction

References

1. [1] United Nation, "United Nations for disaster risk reduction," [Online]. Available: https://www.undrr.org/. [Accessed 09 10 2020].
2. [2] D. Guha-Sapir, F. Vos, R. Below and S. A. Ponserre, "Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2011: The Numbers and Trends," CRED: Brussels, Brussel, 2002.
3. [3] EM-DAT Database, "The International Disaster Database," [Online]. Available: https://public.emdat.be/. [Accessed 10 11 2020].
4. [4] T. Schooler, "Disasters, Coping with," in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Pergamon, 2001, pp. 3713-3718.
5. [5] O. Ergünay, "Türkiye’nin afet profili," in TMMOB afet sempozyumu bildiriler kitabı , 2007.
6. [6] E. Özşahin, "TÜRKİYE’DE YAŞANMIŞ (1970-2012) DOĞAL AFETLER ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME," in 2. Türkiye Deprem Mühendisliği ve Sismoloji Konferansı, Hatay, 2013.
7. [7] P. Wallemacq and R. House, "Economic losses, poverty & disasters: 1998-2017," United Nations, New York, 2018.
8. [8] T. Tatar, "Advanced Methodology for Estimation of Economic Losses in RC Buildings Under Seismic Actions," 2019.

9. [9] G. Cirella, E. Semenzin, A. Critto and A. Marcomini, "Natural Hazard Risk Assessmentand Management MethodologiesReview: Europe," in Sustainable Cities and Military Installations, 2014, pp. 329-358.
10. [10] C. P. Tseng, C. W. Chen and Y. P. Tu, "A new viewpoint on risk control decision models for natural disasters," Natural Hazards, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 1715-1733, 2011.
11. [11] AFAD, "Türkiye Afet Bilgi Bankası," [Online]. Available: https://tabb.afad.gov.tr/. [Accessed 01 12 2020].
12. [12] T. Erkal and M. Değerliyurt, "Türkiye’de afet yönetimi," Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 22, pp. 147-164, 2009.
13. [13] B. Tercan, "Türkiye’de afet politikaları ve kentsel dönüşüm," Abant Kültürel Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 63-74, 2018.
14. [14] M. Kemaloğlu, "Türkiye’de afet yönetiminin tarihi ve yasal gelişimi," Akademik Bakış Dergisi, vol. 52, pp. 126-147, 2015.
15. [15] Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı. [Online]. Available: https://www.csb.gov.tr/. [Accessed 02 12 2020].
16. [16] M. K. van Aalst, "The impacts of climate change on the risk of natural disasters," Disasters, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 5-18, 2006.
17. [17] United Nation, "Desinventar," United Nation , [Online]. Available: https://www.desinventar.net/. [Accessed 26 10 2020].
18. [18] M. KADIOĞLU, "Küresel Iklim Değisimi ve Türkiye," in Sel-Heyelan-Çığ Sempozyumu. Samsun: TMMOB IMO Samsun Subesi, Samsum, 2007.
19. [19] M. Tayanç, U. Im, M. Dogruel and M. Karaca, "Climate change in Turkey for the last half century," Climatic Change, vol. 94, p. 483–502, 2009.
20. [20] United Nation, "Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015," [Online]. Available: https://www.preventionweb.net/english/hyogo/gar/2015/en/home/data.php?iso=TUR. [Accessed 01 09 2020].
21. [21] A. Agency. [Online]. Available: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/vg/video-galeri/istanbulda-hortum-goruntulendi. [Accessed 02 11 2020].
22. [22] United Nations, "Sendai Framework Data Readiness Review - Report - Turkey," UN, New York, 2017.
23. [23] DASK, " DOĞAL AFET SİGORTALARI KURUMU," [Online]. Available: https://dask.gov.tr/index.html. [Accessed 21 11 2020].
24. [24] United Nations, "Emissions Gap Report," United Nations Environment Programme, New York, 2019.
25. [25] M. Berlemann and M. F. Steinhardt, "Climate change, natural disasters, and migration—a survey of the empirical evidence," CESifo Economic Studies, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 353-385, 2017.
26. [26] N. C. Rasmussen, "The application of probabilistic risk assessment techniques to energy technologies," Annual Review of Energy, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 123-138, 1981.
27. [27] L. J. Hill, R. S. J. Sparks and J. C. Rougier, Risk assessment and uncertainty in natural hazards. Risk and uncertainty assessment for natural hazards, 2013.
28. [28] F. Berkes, "Understanding uncertainty and reducing vulnerability: lessons from resilience thinking," Natural hazards, , vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 283-295, 2007.
29. [29] K. B. Misra, Handbook of performability engineering, Springer Science & Business Media., 2008.
30. [30] S. Tyagunov, M. Pittore, M. Wieland, S. Parolai, D. Bindi, K. Fleming and J. Zschau, "Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses in seismic risk assessments on the example of Cologne, Germany," Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1625-1640, 2014.
31. [31] R. L. Ciurean, D. Schröter and T. Glade, "Conceptual frameworks of vulnerability assessments for natural disasters reduction," in In Approaches to disaster management-Examining the implications of hazards, emergencies and disasters., InTech, 2013.
32. [32] Consortium MOVE, "Methods for the Improvement of Vulnerability Assessment in Europe, Guidelines for development of different methods, Deliverable D6, MOVE Project," 2010.
33. [33] N. Brooks and N. Adger, "Country level risk measures of climate-related natural disasters and implications for adaptation to climate change," Geography, 2003.
34. [34] K. a. D. W. Radtke, "The World Risk Index 2019," Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft e.V. & Ruhr-Universität Bochum – Institut für Friedenssicherungsrecht und Humanitäres Völkerrecht (IFHV), 2019.
35. [35] J. Rougier, S. Sparks and L. J. Hill, Risk and Uncertainty Assessment for Natural Hazards, Cambridge University Press, 2013.
36. [36] F. N. Genç, "Türkiyede kentleşme ve doğal afet riskleri ile ilişkisi," in TMMOB Afet Sempozyumu, 2007.
37. [37] United Nations, Natural Hazards, UnNatural Disasters : The Economics of Effective Prevention, New York: World Bank, 2010.