Development of a Regional Numerical Tidal Forecast Model Along the Coast of Bangladesh and Its Associated Tidal Height Estimation

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 45 - 56, 31.12.2022

Md. Abdul Al Mohit , Md. Towhiduzzaman , Mossa Samima Nasrin , Shourov Kumar Ghosh

https://doi.org/10.52114/apjhad.1162004

Abstract

A two-dimensional shallow water equation in the Cartesian coordinate model is developed to estimate the tide along the coast of Bangladesh. The model was developed and discretized by a finite difference method. The model equation was discretized by the Finite Difference Method (FDM) considering the forwarding of time and central in space. In our model, the coastal boundaries, islands, and some small rivers are approximated by an exact stair step representation and solved by a conditional stable semi-Implicit Finite Difference Technique in a Structured Arakawa C-Grid system. Ignoring the wind stress created stable tidal conditions along the southern open boundary of the ocean which was the astronomical M2 component. The desired results are obtained after running the model for a fixed period of time since the steady state. The model results give a reasonable agreement with the observed data. The root means square error of the mean also shows good reasonable agreement.

Keywords

Bangladesh, Coast, FDM, Numerical, Tide

References

• [1] H. Ahmad, “Coastal Zone Management Bangladesh Coastal Zone Management Status and Future Trends,” J Coast Zone Manag, 2019. https://www.walshmedicalmedia.com/open-access/bangladesh-coastal-zone-management-status-and-future-trends-18228.html (accessed Aug. 13, 2022).
• [2] H. Li et al., “Phenotypic responses of Spartina anglica to duration of tidal immersion,” Ecol. Res., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 395–402, Dec. 2011, doi: 10.1007/s11284-010-0794-z.
• [3] L. P. Miller, C. M. Matassa, and G. C. Trussell, “Climate change enhances the negative effects of predation risk on an intermediate consumer,” Glob. Chang. Biol., vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 3834–3844, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.1111/gcb.12639.
• [4] S. Pincebourde, E. Sanford, and B. Helmuth, “An intertidal sea star adjusts thermal inertia to avoid extreme body temperatures,” Am. Nat., vol. 174, no. 6, pp. 890–897, Jul. 2009, doi: 10.1086/648065.
• [5] G. A. Pearson and S. H. Brawley, “Reproductive ecology of Fucus distichus (Phaeophyceae): An intertidal alga with successful external fertilization,” Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., vol. 143, no. 1–3, pp. 211–223, Nov. 1996, doi: 10.3354/meps143211.
• [6] B. R. Maricle and R. W. Lee, “Root respiration and oxygen flux in salt marsh grasses from different elevational zones,” Mar. Biol., vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 413–423, Oct. 2007, doi: 10.1007/s00227-006-0493-z.
• [7] M. S. Davies, M. Edwards, and G. A. Williams, “Movement patterns of the limpet Cellana grata (Gould) observed over a continuous period through a changing tidal regime,” Mar. Biol., vol. 149, no. 4, pp. 775–787, Feb. 2006, doi: 10.1007/s00227-006-0258-8.
• [8] H. Koch, “Desiccation Resistance of the Supralittoral Amphipod Traskorchestia Traskiana (Stimpson, 1857),” Crustaceana, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 162–175, Jan. 1989, doi: 10.1163/156854089X00059.
• [9] C. A. Richardson, I. Ibarrola, and R. J. Ingham, “Emergence pattern and spatial distribution of the common cockle Cerastoderma edule,” Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., vol. 99, no. 1–2, pp. 71–81, 1993, doi: 10.3354/meps099071.
• [10] K. Kellmeyer and M. Salmon, “Hatching rhythms of Uca thayeri rathbun: Timing in semidiurnal and mixed tidal regimes,” J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol., vol. 260, no. 2, pp. 169–183, Jun. 2001, doi: 10.1016/S0022-0981(01)00259-3.
• [11] M. A. Al Mohit, M. Yamashiro, N. Hashimoto, M. B. Mia, Y. Ide, and M. Kodama, “Impact assessment of a major river basin in Bangladesh on storm surge simulation,” J. Mar. Sci. Eng., vol. 6, no. 3, p. 99, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.3390/JMSE6030099.
• [12] M. A. Al Mohit and M. Towhiduzzaman, “A numerical estimate of water level elevation due to a cyclone associated with a different landfall angle,” Sains Tanah, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 33–41, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.20961/stjssa.v19i1.56600.
• [13] G. C. Paul and A. I. M. Ismail, “Tide-surge interaction model including air bubble effects for the coast of Bangladesh,” J. Franklin Inst., vol. 349, no. 8, pp. 2530–2546, Oct. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2012.08.003.
• [14] G. C. Paul and A. I. M. Ismail, “Contribution of offshore islands in the prediction of water levels due to tide-surge interaction for the coastal region of Bangladesh,” Nat. Hazards, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 13–25, Aug. 2013, doi: 10.1007/s11069-012-0341-z.
• [15] G. C. Paul, A. I. M. Ismail, and M. F. Karim, “Implementation of method of lines to predict water levels due to a storm along the coastal region of Bangladesh,” J. Oceanogr., vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 199–210, Mar. 2014, doi: 10.1007/s10872-014-0224-x.
• [16] G. D. Roy, “Inclusion of off-shore islands in a transformed coordinates shallow water model along the coast of Bangladesh,” Environ. Int., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 67–74, Jan. 1999, doi: 10.1016/S0160-4120(98)00094-4.
• [17] H. Takagi, N. D. Thao, and M. Esteban, “Tropical Cyclones and Storm Surges in Southern Vietnam,” Coast. Disasters Clim. Chang. Vietnam Eng. Plan. Perspect., pp. 3–16, Jan. 2014, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800007-6.00001-0.
• [18] K. Matsumoto, T. Takanezawa, and M. Ooe, “Ocean tide models developed by assimilating TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data into hydrodynamical model: A global model and a regional model around Japan,” J. Oceanogr., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 567–581, 2000, doi: 10.1023/A:1011157212596.
• [19] M. M. Rahman, G. C. Paul, and A. Hoque, “Nested numerical scheme in a polar coordinate shallow water model for the coast of Bangladesh,” J. Coast. Conserv., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 37–47, 2013, doi: 10.1007/s11852-012-0216-1.
• [20] G. D. Roy, “Estimation of expected maximum possible water level along the Meghna Estuary using a tide and surge interaction model,” Environ. Int., vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 671–677, Jan. 1995, doi: 10.1016/0160-4120(95)00078-Y.
• [21] C. McCammon and C. Wunsch, “Tidal charts of the Indian Ocean north of 15°S,” J. Geophys. Res., vol. 82, no. 37, pp. 5993–5998, Dec. 1977, doi: 10.1029/jc082i037p05993.
• [22] M. M. Rahman, A. Hoque, G. C. Paul, and M. J. Alam, “Nested Numerical Schemes to Incorporate Bending Coastline and Islands of Bangladesh and Prediction of Water Levels due to Surge,” Asian J. Math. Stat., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 21–32, Dec. 2010, doi: 10.3923/AJMS.2011.21.32.