SUFİZMİN ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER TEORİSİNE KATKISI: EPİSTEMOLOJİK, ONTOLOJİK VE METODOLOJİK AÇILIMLARA İLİŞKİN BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2021, , 351 - 382, 09.08.2021

Translator: İbrahim Fevzi Güven

https://doi.org/10.52115/apjir.954653

Abstract

Uluslararası İlişkilerde yaygın şekilde kabul gören Batı Merkezli Bakış Açısı ile ilgili en sık dile getirilen yöntem tartışmalarından birisi, Batı menşeli olmayan görüşlerin disipline dahil edilmesi noktasında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ancak, Batılı olmayan bilim insanlarının ürettiği yerel felsefi deneyimleri, yani Çin, Hindistan, Brezilya gibi ülkelerde üretilen bilginin “Batılı olmayan Uluslararası İlişkiler” başlığı altına dahil edilmesi, aşağıda zikredilen hususların göz ardı edilmesi durumunda Uluslararası İlişkileri daha az Batı merkezli ya da daha küresel hale getirmez: 1-) Eğer Batılı olmayan Uluslararası İlişkiler teorileri, söz konusu yerel felsefi birikimi sadece Batı merkezli teorilerin bir türevini üretmek için kullanırlar ve Batı merkezli uluslararası ilişkilerin sınırlarını aşma noktasında başarısız olurlarsa ve; 2-) Eğer Batılı olmayan Uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri sadece bazı spesifik, yerel bir zaman-mekan diliminde geçerli dar deneyimsel gerçekliklere uygulanabilir istisnai bir söylem ortaya koyar ve dolayısıyla Batı merkezci Uluslararası İlişkilere geniş bir spektrum kazandıracak alternatif bir evrensel açıklama sunmakta başarısız olurlarsa. Bu bilgiler ışığında çalışmanın amacı, Batı menşeli olmayan bir entelektüel kaynak olarak “Sufizmin” özgün ve evrensel bir Küresel Uluslararası İlişkiler teorisi oluşturma noktasında verimli bir zemin sunabilme potansiyelini incelemektir. Bu bağlamda, 13. Yüzyıl Sufi alimi Mevlâna Celaleddin Rumi’nin şiirlerinde ortaya koyduğu yaklaşım analiz edilmektedir. Çalışmada, küresel düzeyde geniş ölçüde kabul görmüş bir felsefi/düşünsel gelenek olarak Sufizmin sahip olduğu epistemolojik monizm, ontolojik madde-dışılık ve metodolojik eklektizm şeklindeki “üçlü sacayağının”, Batı merkezci olmayan bir Küresel Uluslararası İlişkiler teorisini formüle etmek için benzersiz bir temel sağladığı sonucuna varılmaktadır.

Keywords

Epistemoloji, Küresel Uluslararası İlişkiler, Uluslararası İlişkiler teorisi, Metodoloji, Ontoloji, Sufizm

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