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Paul Helm’de Teolojik Determinizm ve İlahi İnayet

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 31 - 44, 26.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.34247/artukluakademi.1162295

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Paul Helm’in ilahi inayet doktrini üzerinden geliştirdiği teolojik determinist görüşünü ele alacağız. Helm’e göre, bütün âlemde her şey Tanrı’nın inayeti kaynaklı takdirine uygun olarak meydana gelir. Bu yaklaşımda, Tanrı’nın önbilgisini insanın özgürlüğü ile mezcetme konusunda birtakım zorluklar ve böyle bir âlemde kötülüklerin neden var olduğuyla ilgili bazı problemler ortaya çıkmaktadır. İnsanın özgürlüğünü “bağdaşırcı özgür irade” üzerinden açıklayan Helm’e göre, her şeyin Tanrı’nın takdirine uygun olarak meydana geldiği dünyamızda insan yaptığı eylemlerden sorumludur. Muhaliflere göre, onun bu yaklaşımı Tanrı’yı kötü eylemlerin faili yapmaktadır. Helm’e göre ise insanın özgürlüğü determinizmin her türüyle bağdaştığı gibi ilahi determinizm ile de bağdaşabilir, bu nedenle insan yaptığı eylemlerden sorumludur. Dünyamızda neden kötülüklerin var olduğuyla ilgili “daha büyük iyi savunmasını” yapan Helm’e göre, Tanrı’nın bazı kötülüklere izin verdiğiyle ilgili gerekçelerini bilmek her zaman mümkün değildir. Onun bu açıklaması genel manada sağduyulu ve makul görünse de özellikle bazı korkunç kötülüklerin açıklanması konusunda tatmin edici olmayabilir.

Supporting Institution

YÖK 100/2000 Doktora Bursiyeri

References

  • Byrne, Peter. “Helm’s God and the Authorship of Sin”. Reason, Faith and History –Philosophical Essays for Paul Helm. ed. Martin Stone. 193-203. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2008.
  • Hasker, William. “Providence and Evil: Three Theories”. Religious Studies 28/1 (1992), 91-105. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412500021405
  • Hasker, William. “İnsanın Özgürlüğü ve Kötülük Problemi”. çev. Fehrullah Terkan. İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 53/1 (2012), 183-198. https://doi.org/10.1501/Ilhfak_0000001102
  • Hasker, William. “Tanrı Risk Alır”. çev. Emine Gören Bayram. Din Felsefesinde Çağdaş Metinler. ed. Michael L. Peterson & Raymond J. Vanarragon. 263-275. Ankara: Elis Yayınları, 2014.
  • Hebblethwaite, B. L. “The Providence of God by Paul Helm”. Religious Studies 31/3 (1995), 401-403. doi:10.1017/S0034412500023751
  • Helm, Paul. Eternal God. Oxford: Oxford U.P., 1988.
  • Helm, Paul. The Providence of God. İllinois: İntervarsity Press, 1993.
  • Helm, Paul. “The Augustinian-Calvinist View”. Divine Foreknowledge. ed. James K. Beilby & Paul R. Eddy. 161-189. Illinois: Inter Varsity Press, 2001.
  • Helm, Paul. “Tanrı Risk Almaz”. çev. Emine Gören Bayram. Din Felsefesinde Çağdaş Metinler. ed. Michael L. Peterson & Raymond J. Vanarragon. 276-288. Ankara: Elis Yayınları, 2014.
  • Judisch, Neal. “Theological Determinism and the Problem of Evil”. Religious Studies 44/2 (Jun., 2008), 165-184. doi:10.1017/S0034412508009384
  • Kane, Robert. “Introduction: The Contours of Contemporary Free Will Debates”. The Oxford Handbook of Free Will. ed. Robert Kane. 3-37. Oxford: Oxford U.P., 2002.
  • Mccann, Hugh J. and Johnson, Daniel M. "Divine Providence". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Erişim 04.01.2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2017/entries/providence-divine/
  • Owen, H. P. “Divine Providence”. The Enclyclopedia of Philosophy. ed. Paul Edwards. Vol. 6/509-510. New York: The Macmillian Company & The Free Press, 1967.
  • Pereboom, Derk. “Theological Determinism and Divine Providence”. Molinism: The Contemporary Debate. ed. Ken Perszyk. 263-281. Oxford: Oxford U.P., 2011.
  • Pereboom, Derk. “Theological Determinism and the Relationship with God”. Free Will and Classical Theism. ed. Hugh J. McCann. 201-219. Oxford: Oxford U.P., 2017.
  • Peterson, Michale. Hasker, William. Reichenbach, Bruce. Basinger, David. Akıl ve İnanç. çev. Rahim Acar. İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2009.
  • Peterson, Michale. Hasker, William Reichenbach, Bruce. Basinger, David. Din Felsefesi Seçme Metinler. çev. Rahim Acar. İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2013.
  • Swınburne, Richard. Providence and The Problem of Evil. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.
  • Vıcens, Leigh C. “Theological Determinism”. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 04.01.2019. https://www.iep.utm.edu/theo-det/
  • Wainwright, William J. “Theological Determinism and the Problem of Evil: Are Arminians Any Better Off?”. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 50/1/3 (Dec., 2001), 81-96. https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40001143
  • Zagzebskı, Linda Trinkaus. “Recent Work On Divine Foreknowledge and Free Will”. The Oxford Handbook of Free Will. ed. Robert Kane. 45-64. Oxford: Oxford U.P., 2002.

Theological Determinism and Divine Providence in Paul Helm

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 31 - 44, 26.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.34247/artukluakademi.1162295

Abstract

In this paper, I examined Paul Helm’s theological determinism that he developed based off the doctrine of divine providence. Helm argues that, everything in the world happens in accordance with God's decree based on his providence. However, it is hard to explain the compatibility of God’s foreknowledge and human freedom as well as the existence of evil in the world on this view. For Helm, who explains human freedom through “compatibilist sense”, human is responsible for his actions in our world where everything happens in accordance with God's decree. According to opponents, this approach of him makes God the authorship of evil actions. Helm argues that human freedom can be compatible with divine determinism as well as with all kinds of determinism, therefore human is responsible for his actions. According to Helm, who defends “the greater good defence” as to why evil exists in our world, it is not always possible to know God's reasons for allowing some evils. While his explanation may seem prudential and reasonable in general, it may not be particularly satisfying when it comes to explaining some horrendous evils.

References

  • Byrne, Peter. “Helm’s God and the Authorship of Sin”. Reason, Faith and History –Philosophical Essays for Paul Helm. ed. Martin Stone. 193-203. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2008.
  • Hasker, William. “Providence and Evil: Three Theories”. Religious Studies 28/1 (1992), 91-105. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412500021405
  • Hasker, William. “İnsanın Özgürlüğü ve Kötülük Problemi”. çev. Fehrullah Terkan. İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 53/1 (2012), 183-198. https://doi.org/10.1501/Ilhfak_0000001102
  • Hasker, William. “Tanrı Risk Alır”. çev. Emine Gören Bayram. Din Felsefesinde Çağdaş Metinler. ed. Michael L. Peterson & Raymond J. Vanarragon. 263-275. Ankara: Elis Yayınları, 2014.
  • Hebblethwaite, B. L. “The Providence of God by Paul Helm”. Religious Studies 31/3 (1995), 401-403. doi:10.1017/S0034412500023751
  • Helm, Paul. Eternal God. Oxford: Oxford U.P., 1988.
  • Helm, Paul. The Providence of God. İllinois: İntervarsity Press, 1993.
  • Helm, Paul. “The Augustinian-Calvinist View”. Divine Foreknowledge. ed. James K. Beilby & Paul R. Eddy. 161-189. Illinois: Inter Varsity Press, 2001.
  • Helm, Paul. “Tanrı Risk Almaz”. çev. Emine Gören Bayram. Din Felsefesinde Çağdaş Metinler. ed. Michael L. Peterson & Raymond J. Vanarragon. 276-288. Ankara: Elis Yayınları, 2014.
  • Judisch, Neal. “Theological Determinism and the Problem of Evil”. Religious Studies 44/2 (Jun., 2008), 165-184. doi:10.1017/S0034412508009384
  • Kane, Robert. “Introduction: The Contours of Contemporary Free Will Debates”. The Oxford Handbook of Free Will. ed. Robert Kane. 3-37. Oxford: Oxford U.P., 2002.
  • Mccann, Hugh J. and Johnson, Daniel M. "Divine Providence". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Erişim 04.01.2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2017/entries/providence-divine/
  • Owen, H. P. “Divine Providence”. The Enclyclopedia of Philosophy. ed. Paul Edwards. Vol. 6/509-510. New York: The Macmillian Company & The Free Press, 1967.
  • Pereboom, Derk. “Theological Determinism and Divine Providence”. Molinism: The Contemporary Debate. ed. Ken Perszyk. 263-281. Oxford: Oxford U.P., 2011.
  • Pereboom, Derk. “Theological Determinism and the Relationship with God”. Free Will and Classical Theism. ed. Hugh J. McCann. 201-219. Oxford: Oxford U.P., 2017.
  • Peterson, Michale. Hasker, William. Reichenbach, Bruce. Basinger, David. Akıl ve İnanç. çev. Rahim Acar. İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2009.
  • Peterson, Michale. Hasker, William Reichenbach, Bruce. Basinger, David. Din Felsefesi Seçme Metinler. çev. Rahim Acar. İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2013.
  • Swınburne, Richard. Providence and The Problem of Evil. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.
  • Vıcens, Leigh C. “Theological Determinism”. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 04.01.2019. https://www.iep.utm.edu/theo-det/
  • Wainwright, William J. “Theological Determinism and the Problem of Evil: Are Arminians Any Better Off?”. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 50/1/3 (Dec., 2001), 81-96. https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40001143
  • Zagzebskı, Linda Trinkaus. “Recent Work On Divine Foreknowledge and Free Will”. The Oxford Handbook of Free Will. ed. Robert Kane. 45-64. Oxford: Oxford U.P., 2002.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Emine Arslan Özkan 0000-0002-5440-2457

Early Pub Date June 26, 2023
Publication Date June 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Arslan Özkan, E. (2023). Paul Helm’de Teolojik Determinizm ve İlahi İnayet. Artuklu Akademi, 10(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.34247/artukluakademi.1162295
AMA Arslan Özkan E. Paul Helm’de Teolojik Determinizm ve İlahi İnayet. Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi. June 2023;10(1):31-44. doi:10.34247/artukluakademi.1162295
Chicago Arslan Özkan, Emine. “Paul Helm’de Teolojik Determinizm Ve İlahi İnayet”. Artuklu Akademi 10, no. 1 (June 2023): 31-44. https://doi.org/10.34247/artukluakademi.1162295.
EndNote Arslan Özkan E (June 1, 2023) Paul Helm’de Teolojik Determinizm ve İlahi İnayet. Artuklu Akademi 10 1 31–44.
IEEE E. Arslan Özkan, “Paul Helm’de Teolojik Determinizm ve İlahi İnayet”, Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 31–44, 2023, doi: 10.34247/artukluakademi.1162295.
ISNAD Arslan Özkan, Emine. “Paul Helm’de Teolojik Determinizm Ve İlahi İnayet”. Artuklu Akademi 10/1 (June 2023), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.34247/artukluakademi.1162295.
JAMA Arslan Özkan E. Paul Helm’de Teolojik Determinizm ve İlahi İnayet. Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi. 2023;10:31–44.
MLA Arslan Özkan, Emine. “Paul Helm’de Teolojik Determinizm Ve İlahi İnayet”. Artuklu Akademi, vol. 10, no. 1, 2023, pp. 31-44, doi:10.34247/artukluakademi.1162295.
Vancouver Arslan Özkan E. Paul Helm’de Teolojik Determinizm ve İlahi İnayet. Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi. 2023;10(1):31-44.