A new pest in Hatay province boxwood areas, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Abstract

Buxus sempervirens, one of the boxwood spices in Turkey, have a natural population of approximately thousand hectares. Hatay province is an important province in terms of natural boxwood areas. The source of drying seen in boxwoods in the region in recent years has been investigated and it has been determined that Cydalima perspectalis. This species, whose distribution in this region has not been determined before, has entered the literature with this study in Kozlu Dere locality. Samples of damaged plants were taken in the study area and brought to the laboratory, and adults were obtained from the pest taken in culture in culture boxes and from contaminated plant residues, and the diagnosis was made. Morphological measurements and characteristic features of the pest's larval adults are given. It has been determined that the larvae of C. perspectalis feed on the leaves of the boxwood in the region and damage the cambium layer by gnawing the shells of the shoots. This study conducted against an important pest for boxwood fields is the first to report that C. perspectalis is a pest in Hatay province's boxwood fields. Besides, the importance of the pest in this region was revealed with the study, and suggestions were given for its fight.

Keywords

• Buxus sempervirens
• Buxus balearica
• Cydalima perspectalis
• Hatay
• Dortyol

Hatay ili şimşir alanlarında yeni bir zararlı, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Abstract

Türkiye'de yaklaşık bin hektarlık bir yayılış alanına sahip olan Buxus sempervirens (şimşir), Hatay ilinin önemli bitki türlerinden biridir. Hatay ilinde önemli bir doğal şimşir alanı da Dörtyol ilçesidir. Son yıllarda bölgede şimşirlerde görülen kurumanın kaynağı araştırılmış ve Cydalima perspectalis olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Daha önce bu bölgede yayılışı tespit edilmemiş olan bu tür Kozlu Dere mevkiinde bu çalışmayla literatüre girmiştir. Çalışma yapılan alanda zarar görmüş bitki örnekleri alınarak laboratuvara getirilmiş, kültür kutularında kültüre alınan zararlı ile bulaşık bitki artıklarından erginler elde edilmiş ve teşhisi yapılmıştır. Zararlının larva erginlerinin morfolojik ölçüm ve karakteristik özellikleri verilmiştir. C. perspectalis’in larvalarının bölgedeki şimşirlerin yapraklarıyla beslendikleri, sürgünlerin kabuklarını kemirerek kambiyum tabakasına zarar verdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Şimşir alanları için önemli bir zararlıya karşı yapılan bu çalışma C. perspectalis’in Hatay ilindeki şimşir alanlarında zararlı olduğunu bildiren ilk çalışmadır. Ayrıca çalışma ile zararlının bu bölgedeki önemi ortaya konulmuş ve mücadelesine yönelik öneriler verilmiştir.

Keywords

• Buxus sempervirens,
• Buxus balearica,
• Hatay
• Dörtyol
• Cydalima perspectalis

References

1. Akıncı HA, Kurdoğlu O (2019) Damage level of Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on naturally growing and ornamental box populations in Artvin, Turkey. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 144-151.
2. Arnaudov V, Raikov S (2017) Box tree moth–Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a new invasive pest for the bulgarian fauna.“. XXII Savetovanje o biotehnologiji”. Zbornikradova, 1, 453-456.
3. Baytop T (1999) Türkiye‘de Bitkiler ile Tedavi, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, İstanbul, 393-394.
4. Billen W (2007) Diaphania perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Pyrallidae)-a new moth in Europe. Mitteilungen der Entomologischen Gesellschaft Basel, 57(2/4), 135-137.
5. Bunescu H, Florian T (2016a) The Box Tree Moth, Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae) a New Invasive Species in Cluj Area (Romania) ProEnvironment/ProMediu, 9(25), 62-66.
6. Bunescu H, Florian T (2016b) Studies Concerning the new Invasive Species, Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Box Tree Moth) in Cluj Area (Romania) ProEnvironment/ProMediu, 9(26), 142-151.
7. CABI (2020) https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/118433 (29.12.2020)
8. Choo HY, Kaya H K, Lee SM, Kim TO, Kim JB (1991) Laboratory evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterohabditis bacteriophora against some forest insect pests. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 30(4): 227 – 232.

9. Farina P, Rizzo D (2015) Regione Toscana, La Piralide del Bosso Cydalima perspectalis,Walker, 1959 ordine Lepidoptera, famiglia Crambidae. Servizio Fitosanitario-Difesa delle colture e delle foreste-Vigilanza e controllo, Servizio Fitosanitario Regionale Via Pietrapiana, 30 - 50121 Firenze. 12p.
10. Göktürk T (2017) The Effect of Dipel and Spruzit Against Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), International Forestry and Environment Symposium "Climate Change and Tree Migration" 7-10 November 2017, Abstract Book, p. 125, Trabzon, Turkey.
11. Hizal E, Kose M, Yesil C, Kaynar D (2012) The new pest Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 11(3), 400-403.
12. Hrnčić S, Radonjić S (2014) Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)- nova invazivna štetočina šimšira u Crnoj Gori; 11. Simpozij o zaštiti bilja u Bosni Hercegovini, Teslić, 04-06 November 2014, Godine, Zbornik rezimea, 24-25.
13. Iamandei M (2010) Diaphania perspectalis (Walker, 1859)(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) a new pest of Buxus spp. in Romania. Lucrări Științifice-Universitatea de Științe Agronomice și Medicină Veterinară București. Seria B, Horticultură, (54), 787-793.
14. Kawazu K, Honda H, Nakamura S Adati T (2007) Identification of sex pheromone components of the box tree pyralid, Glyphodes perspectalis. Journal of Chemical Ecology 33(10): 1978 – 1985.
15. Kaygın TA, Taşdeler C (2019) Cydalima perspectalis (Walker)(Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Spilomelinae)’in Türkiye’de coğrafi yayılışı, yaşam döngüsü ve zararı. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(3), 1-14.
16. Kaygın TA, Taşdeler C (2018) Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Şimşirlerimiz için Bir Tehdit mi? III. Türkiye Orman Entomolojisi ve Patolojisi Sempozyumu, Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, s: 21, 10-12 Mayıs 2018, Artvin.
17. Koren T, Črne M (2012) The first record of the box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859)(Lepidoptera, Crambidae) in Croatia. Natura Croatica: Periodicum Musei Historiae Naturalis Croatici, 21(2), 507-510.
18. Korycinska A, Eyre D (2009) Box tree caterpillar, Diaphania perspectalis. FERA Plant pestfact-sheet.http://www.fera.defra.gov.uk/plants/plantHealth/pests Diseases/documents/boxTree-Caterpillar.pdf (28.12.2020)
19. Korycinska A, Eyre D (2011) Box tree caterpillar Cydalima perspectalis. Plant pest factsheet, the Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera) www.defra.gov.uk/fera
20. Krüger EO (2008) Glyphodes perspectalis (Walker, 1859) – neu für die Fauna Europas (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Entomologische Zeitschrift 118: 81-83.
21. Lee S M, Lee D W, Choo HY (1996) Biology and pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema spp., isolated from forest soil in Southern Korea. FRI Journal of Forest Science, Seoul 53: 117 – 123.
22. Lehtijärvi A, Lehtijärvi H T, Oskay F (2017) Boxwood blight in Turkey: impact on natural boxwood populations and management challenges. Balt For, 23, 274-278.
23. Leuthardt F L G, Baur B, (2013) Oviposition preference and larval development of the invasive moth Cydalima perspectalis on five European box-tree varieties. Journal of Applied Entomology, 137 (6): 437-444.
24. Leuthardt F, Bıllen W, Baur B (2010) Ausbreitung des Buchsbaumzünslers Diaphania perspectalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) in der Region Basel – eine für die Schweiz neue Schädlingsart. Entomo Helvetica 3: 51-57.
25. Martin JC, Buradino M, Brinquin AS, Correard M, Thevenet J, Vauthier D, Morel E, Gilli A, Venard M, Tabone E (2018) Reguler la pyrale du buis Cydalima perspectalis: Limites d’utilisation de la pheromone sexuelle de synthese et premiere approche non scientifique de lapredation par les mesanges (Parus spp.) Scientific Symposium on Boxwood Pests, in Tours, France during October, 2018.
26. Matsiakh I, Kramarets V, Kavtarishvili M, Mamadashvili G (2016) Distribution of invasive species and their threat to natural populations of boxwood (Buxus colchica Pojark) in Georgia. PPT Presentation. National Forestry Agency of Georgia, ENPI East Fleg II Program(https://www.observatree.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Matsiakh%20I._Threats%20to%20boxwood%20in%20Georgia.pdf)
27. Matsiakh I, Kramarets V, Mamadashvili G (2018) Box Tree Moth Cydalima perspectalis as a Threat to the Native Populations of Buxus colchica in Republic of Georgia. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 20(2), 29-42. Retrieved from http://entomol.org/journal/index.php/JERS/article/view/1262.
28. Nacambo S, Leuthardt FLG, Kenis M (2013) developmental characteristics of the box-tree moth Cydalima perspectalis and its potential distribution in Europe. Journal of Applied Entomology 138(1-2): 14 – 26.
29. Oltean I, Hulujan I, Varga M, Totos Ş, Florian T (2017) Cydalima Perspectalis Walker (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) a New Dangerous Pest Report on Buxus Sempervirens in Cluj Area. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture, 74 (1): 26-36.
30. Ostojić, I, Zovko M, Petrović D, Elez D (2015) New records of box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Radovi Poljoprivrednog Fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu (Works of the Faculty of Agriculture University of Sarajevo), 60(65 (1)), 139-143.
31. Otero RP, Vázquez JPM, Vidal M (2014) Cydalima perspectalis Walker, 1859 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae): una nueva amenaza para Buxus spp. en la Península Ibérica. Arquivos entomolóxicos, (10), 225-228.
32. Öztürk N, Akbulut S, Yüksel B (2016) Düzce için yeni bir zararlı Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Düzce Üniversitesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 12 (1), 112-121.
33. Plant CW, Poole C, Salisbury A, Bird S (2019) The Box-tree Moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) in Britain: an overview of its spread and current status. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation, 131, 122-147.
34. Rose J, Kleespies RG, Wang Y, Wennmann JT, Jehle J A (2013). On the susceptibility of the box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis to Anagrapha falcifera nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnfaNPV) - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 113 (3): 191-197.
35. Sáfián S, Horváth B (2011) Box Tree Moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859), new member in the Lepidoptera fauna of Hungary (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Kaposvár, Natura Somogyiensis, 19, 245-246.
36. Sage W, Karl G (2010) Der Buchsbaumzünsler Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) nun auch in Südostbayern. Mitteilungen der Zoologischen Gesellschaft Braunau 10(1): 79-85.
37. Salioğlu Ş (2020) Artvin ili şimşir alanlarında zarar yapan Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (şimşir kelebeği)'in morfolojisi, biyolojisi, zararı ve mücadele olanaklarının araştırılması. Yüksek lisans tezi. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Artvin.
38. Santi F, Radeghieri P, Sigurtà GI, Maini S (2015) Sex pheromone traps for detection of the invasive box tree moth in Italy. Bulletin of Insectology, 68(1),158-160. ISSN 1721-8861.
39. Sarı Ö, Çelikel FG (2019) Türkiye’nin Şimşirleri (Buxus sempervirens ve Buxus balearica) ve Mevcut Tehditler. I. International Ornamental Plants Congress – VII.Süs Bitkileri Kongresi, 9-11 Ekim 2019, Bursa, S.383-393.
40. Seljak G (2012) Six new alien phytophagous insect species recorded in Slovenia in 2011. Acta Entomologica Slovenica, 20, 31-44.
41. She DS, Feng FJ (2006) Bionomics and control of Diaphania perspectalis (Walker) Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology, 26, 47-51.
42. Sigg CR (2009) Auch das noch: Ein neuer Buchs-Schadling schlagt zu. Massive Schaden durch den Buchsbaumzunsler. Der Gartenbau (Solothurn) 4: 2-4.
43. Stojanović DV, Konjević A, Marković M, Kereši T (2015) Nalazi šimširovog moljca Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859)(Lepidoptera, Crambidae) u Vojvodini/Appearance of the box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859)(Lepidoptera, Crambidae) in Vojvodina. Biljni lekar/Plant Doctor.
44. Strachinis I, Kazilas C, Karamaouna F, Papanikolau N E, Partsinevolos GK, Milonas P G, (2015) First record of Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Greece. Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 8: 66-72.
45. Symmes H (1984) Native Stands of Boxwood in Modern Turkey. The Boxwood Bulletin. Boyce, Va. Vol. 23, No.4. Pp. 76-79.
46. Székely L, Dincă V, Mihai C (2011) Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859), a new species for the Romanian fauna (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae) Buletin de informare Entomologica, 22(3-4), 73-78.
47. Trokhov Y, Kaurova Z (2015) Boxwood moth-an invasive species parasite of boxwood groves. XXIV Student International Scientific-Practical Conference «The Scientific Community of Students The XXI Century», V. 8-9 (22), 28-37, 28 October 2014, Novosibirsk, Russia.
48. Türkyilmaz E (2004) Şimşir (Buxus sempervirens L.) Odununun Bazı Morfolojik ve Fiziksel Özellikleri, V. Ulusal Orman Fakülteleri Öğrenci Kongresi, Bildiriler Kitabı, 2.Cilt-Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği, K.T.Ü. Orman Fakültesi, Trabzon, pp.18-22.
49. Van der Straten M J, Muus TS (2010) The box tree pyralid (Glyphodes perspectalis (Walker 1859), Lepidoptera: Crambidae); an invasive alien moth ruining box trees. In Proceedings of the Netherlands Entomological Society Meeting, 21, 107-111.
50. Yıldız Y, Yıldırım İ, Bostancı C (2018) Bartın İlinin İstilacı Böcek Türleri, III. Türkiye Orman Entomolojisi ve Patolojisi Sempozyumu, s. 25, 10-12.05.2018. Artvin.
51. Zhou W, Xia CY, Sun XQ, Zhu B, Liu XP, Liu ZC, Wang Y (2005) Studies on the biological characteristics and control of Diaphania perspectalis Walker. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Agricultural Science) 23: 52–56.