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Bretton Woods sonrası dönemde küreselleşme ve neoliberalizm hareketlerinin ekonomik krizlere etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 76 - 82, 08.06.2021

Abstract

Bu çalışmada kapitalizm, küreselleşme ve liberalizm kavramlarının eleştirel bir boyutta incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Küreselleşme ve neo-liberalizm, dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde yaşanan farklı şartların ortaya çıkardığı kavramlardır. Ancak dönem dönem dünyanın bir bölgesinde yaşanan ekonomik bir şokun dünyanın başka bir yerinde hissedilmesinin temel sebepleri arasında gösterilmişlerdir. Bilimsel aydınlanma, keşifler ve sömürgeler sayesinde çağımızda kapitalizm kendisini mevcut sistemin (ekonomik, siyasal ve kültürel) merkezine konumlandırarak mutlak hegemonyasını ilan etmiştir. Küreselleşme ve neo-liberalizm kavramları her ne kadar insanların büyük bir kısmı için ekonomik açıdan olumlu çağrışımlar yaratsa da neden-sonuç bağlamında geleceğin belirsizliğinde, büyük tehditleri ve yıkımları tetikleyebilecek tehlike potansiyeline de sahiptir Nitekim bu çalışma neticesinde, tarihsel süreçte merkantilizmden vazgeçilmesinin ardından devam eden liberalleşme sürecinin Bretton Woods Antlaşmasıyla başka bir boyut kazandığı görülmüştür. Bu sistemin 2008 yılında modern dünyanın gördüğü en büyük ekonomik krizlerden birinin yaşanmasına sebep olması dolayısıyla, mevcut sistemlerin gelecekte tekrar ciddi problemler yaratabilme potansiyeline sahip olduğu kanısına varılmıştır.

References

  • Amin, S. (1993). Avrupa merkezcilik: bir ideolojinin eleştirisi (M. Sert, Çev.) Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Beber, A. ve Pagano, M. (2013). Short‐ selling bans around the world: evidence from the 2007–09 crisis. The Journal of Finance, 68(1), 343-381.
  • Boas, T. C. ve Gans-Morse, J. (2009). Neoliberalism: from new liberal philosophy to anti-liberal slogan. Studies in Comparative International Development, 44(2), 137-161.
  • Burkett, P. (2011). Marksizm ve ekolojik iktisat (vol. 140), (E. Günçiner, Çev.). Yordam Kitap, İstanbul.
  • Çitçi, O. (2008). Yeni Siyaset: neoliberalizm ve postmodernizmin siyasal projesi. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 2-32.
  • Dow, S. C. ve Hillard, J. (Ed.) (2002). Keynes, uncertainty and the global economy: beyond Keynes (vol. 2), Edward Elgar Publishing.
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  • Dungey, M. ve Gajurel, D. (2014). Equity market contagion during the global financial crisis: evidence from the World's eight largest economies. Economic Systems, 38(2), 161-177.
  • Fleming, M. D. (2016). Mass transit workers and neoliberal time discipline in San Francisco. American Anthropologist, 118(4), 784-795.
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  • Kaminsky, G. L. vd. (2003). The unholy trinity of financial contagion. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(4), 51-74.
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  • Mandel, E. (2008). Geç kapitalizm (C. Badem, Çev.), Versus Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Marx, K. (1867). Das kapital (N. Satılgan, E. Özalp, M. Selik, Çev.), Yordam Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • May, E. T. (2008). Homeward bound: American families in the cold war era. Hachette UK.
  • McDonough, T. (2010). The Irish crash in global context. World Review of Political Economy, 1(3), 442-462.
  • Moore, J. W. (2011). Transcending the metabolic rift: a theory of crises in the capitalist world-ecology. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 38(1), 1-46.
  • Ocampo, J. A. (2001). Recasting the ınternational financial agenda. UN. Press.
  • Peet, R. (2009). Unholy trinity: the IMF, World Bank and WTO. Zed Books Ltd.
  • Robertson, R. (1992). Globalization: social theory and global culture (vol. 16). Sage.
  • Schumpeter, J. (1934). The theory of economic development. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA.
  • Shermer, E. T. (2013). Sunbelt capitalism: Phoenix and the transformation of American politics. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Sönmez, S. (2016). Bretton Woods, fordizm ve hegemonya. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(1), 43-62.
  • Swoboda, A. (1999). Reforming the international financial architecture. Finance and Development, 36(3), 2.
  • Tarhan, A. B. (2012). Türkiye’de postmodernizm ve siyasal değişim. Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 11-20.
  • Ülgen, G. (2000). Merkantilizm’den Liberalizm’e geçiş ve piyasa ekonomisi. Maliye Araştırma Merkezi Konferansları Dergisi, (40), 85-90.
  • Wallerstein, I. (1974). The rise and future demise of the World capitalist system: concepts for comparative analysis. Comparative Studies in Society And History, 16(4), 387-415.
  • Wallerstein, I. (1998). Liberalizmden Sonra (E. Öz, Çev.) Metis Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Weber, M. (2013). The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. Routledge.
  • Wolff, R. D. (2012). Democracy at work: a cure for capitalism. Haymarket Books.

The effect of globalization and neoliberalism movements on the economic crisis in the post-Bretton Woods era

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 76 - 82, 08.06.2021

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to critically examine the concepts of capitalism, globalization and liberalism. Globalization and neo-liberalism are concepts created by different conditions in different parts of the world. However, they were shown among the main reasons of the economic shocks experienced in one part of the World Thanks to scientific enlightenment, discoveries and colonies, capitalism has declared its absolute hegemony by positioning itself at the center of the current system (economic, political and cultural). Although the concepts of globalization and neo-liberalism create positive economic connotations for the majority of people, they also have the potential of danger in the uncertainty of the future in the context of cause and effect that can trigger major threats and destruction. As a result of the study, it was seen that the liberalization process that continued after the abandonment of mercantilism in the historical process gained another dimension with the Bretton Woods Agreement. Since this system cause done of the biggest economic crises in the modern world in 2008, it has been concluded that existing systems have the potential to create serious problems again in the future.

References

  • Amin, S. (1993). Avrupa merkezcilik: bir ideolojinin eleştirisi (M. Sert, Çev.) Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Beber, A. ve Pagano, M. (2013). Short‐ selling bans around the world: evidence from the 2007–09 crisis. The Journal of Finance, 68(1), 343-381.
  • Boas, T. C. ve Gans-Morse, J. (2009). Neoliberalism: from new liberal philosophy to anti-liberal slogan. Studies in Comparative International Development, 44(2), 137-161.
  • Burkett, P. (2011). Marksizm ve ekolojik iktisat (vol. 140), (E. Günçiner, Çev.). Yordam Kitap, İstanbul.
  • Çitçi, O. (2008). Yeni Siyaset: neoliberalizm ve postmodernizmin siyasal projesi. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 2-32.
  • Dow, S. C. ve Hillard, J. (Ed.) (2002). Keynes, uncertainty and the global economy: beyond Keynes (vol. 2), Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Duman, M. Z. (2011). Neo-liberal Küreselleşmenin Zaferi. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 666-700.
  • Dungey, M. ve Gajurel, D. (2014). Equity market contagion during the global financial crisis: evidence from the World's eight largest economies. Economic Systems, 38(2), 161-177.
  • Fleming, M. D. (2016). Mass transit workers and neoliberal time discipline in San Francisco. American Anthropologist, 118(4), 784-795.
  • Giddens, A. (1990). The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Gilpin, R. (1987). American Policy in the Post-Reagan Era. Daedalus, 33-67.
  • Gilpin, R. (2018). The Challenge of Global Capitalism: the World economy in the 21st Century. Princeton University Press.
  • Gorton, G. B. (2010). Questions and Answers About the Financial Crisis (No. w15787). National. Bureau of EconomicResearch.
  • Hartwick, E. Ve Peet, R. (2003). Neoliberalism and nature: the case of the WTO. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 590(1), 188-211.
  • Hirschman, A. O. (1980). National power and the structure of foreign trade (vol. 105). University of California Press.
  • Ivashina, V. ve Scharfstein, D. (2010). Bank lending during the financial crisis of 2008. Journal of Financial Economics, 97(3), 319-338.
  • Kaminsky, G. L. vd. (2003). The unholy trinity of financial contagion. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(4), 51-74.
  • Katter, Jr., B. (2012). An incredible race of people: a passionate history of Australia, Allen&Unwin.
  • Keynes, J. M. (1936). The general theory of employment, ınterest, and money. Springer.
  • Kindleberger, C. P. (2003). Comparative political economy: a retrospective. MIT Press.
  • Klein, N. (2007). The shock doctrine: the rise of disaster capitalism. Macmillan.
  • Kotz, D. M. (2015). The rise and fall of neoliberal capitalism. Harvard University Press.
  • Kökalan Çımrın, F. (2009). Küreselleşme, neo-liberalizm ve refah devleti ilişkisi üzerine. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (İLKE), (23),195-204.
  • Mandel, E. (2008). Geç kapitalizm (C. Badem, Çev.), Versus Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Marx, K. (1867). Das kapital (N. Satılgan, E. Özalp, M. Selik, Çev.), Yordam Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • May, E. T. (2008). Homeward bound: American families in the cold war era. Hachette UK.
  • McDonough, T. (2010). The Irish crash in global context. World Review of Political Economy, 1(3), 442-462.
  • Moore, J. W. (2011). Transcending the metabolic rift: a theory of crises in the capitalist world-ecology. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 38(1), 1-46.
  • Ocampo, J. A. (2001). Recasting the ınternational financial agenda. UN. Press.
  • Peet, R. (2009). Unholy trinity: the IMF, World Bank and WTO. Zed Books Ltd.
  • Robertson, R. (1992). Globalization: social theory and global culture (vol. 16). Sage.
  • Schumpeter, J. (1934). The theory of economic development. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA.
  • Shermer, E. T. (2013). Sunbelt capitalism: Phoenix and the transformation of American politics. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Sönmez, S. (2016). Bretton Woods, fordizm ve hegemonya. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(1), 43-62.
  • Swoboda, A. (1999). Reforming the international financial architecture. Finance and Development, 36(3), 2.
  • Tarhan, A. B. (2012). Türkiye’de postmodernizm ve siyasal değişim. Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 11-20.
  • Ülgen, G. (2000). Merkantilizm’den Liberalizm’e geçiş ve piyasa ekonomisi. Maliye Araştırma Merkezi Konferansları Dergisi, (40), 85-90.
  • Wallerstein, I. (1974). The rise and future demise of the World capitalist system: concepts for comparative analysis. Comparative Studies in Society And History, 16(4), 387-415.
  • Wallerstein, I. (1998). Liberalizmden Sonra (E. Öz, Çev.) Metis Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Weber, M. (2013). The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. Routledge.
  • Wolff, R. D. (2012). Democracy at work: a cure for capitalism. Haymarket Books.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Hale Eda Akduru 0000-0003-4022-2364

Hakkı Polat

Publication Date June 8, 2021
Submission Date March 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akduru, H. E., & Polat, H. (2021). Bretton Woods sonrası dönemde küreselleşme ve neoliberalizm hareketlerinin ekonomik krizlere etkisi. Ardahan Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 76-82.