Brief Interventions and Psychotherapy Approaches in Emergency Situations for Suicide Behaviors

Abstract

To prevent losses due to suicide, it is essential to increase the number of people in the community who have the experience to conduct the necessary risk assessment and apply brief emergency interventions in healthcare facilities where mental health professionals are unavailable or until they can be reached. A review of brief emergency interventions—which can be applied in many different ways but have the potential to become widespread through short trainings—could help address this gap. As an example for brief interventions, Brief Contact Interventions, Care Coordination, Volutional Help Sheet, Lethal Means Counseling, Safety Planning Intervention, Crisis Response Planning, Teachable Moment Brief Intervention, Brief Patient Education, Motivational Interviewing to Address Suicidal Ideation and Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program are summarızed in this review. Furthermore, reviewing emergency psychotherapy approaches that can be offered by mental health professionals could serve as a reminder that intervention in this area is possible. Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality, Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicide Prevention and Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicide may be examples for brief psychotherapies. This review summarizes brief emergency interventions and emergency psychotherapy approaches.

Keywords

• brief intervention
• emergency
• psychotherapy
• risk assessment
• suicide

Özkıyım Davranışlarında Kısa Acil Girişimler ve Acil Psikoterapi Yaklaşımları

Abstract

Özkıyım nedeniyle kayıpların önlenebilmesi için ruh sağlığı uzmanlarının olmadığı sağlık kuruluşlarında veya onlara ulaşılana kadar gerekli risk değerlendirmesini yapabilecek ve acil kısa girişimleri uygulayabilecek deneyime sahip kişilerin toplumda artması gereklidir. Çok farklı şekilde uygulanabilen ancak kısa eğitimlerle yaygınlaşması mümkün olabilecek kısa acil girişimler konusunda bir derleme bu konudaki eksikliği kapatmaya yardımcı olabilir. Örnek kısa acil girişimler arasında Kısa Süreli İrtibata Dayalı Girişimler, Bakımın Eşgüdümünün ve Sürekliliğinin Sağlanması, İstemli Yardım Çizelgesi, Ölümcül Araçlara Erişimin Kısıtlanması, Güvende Kalmayı Planlama Girişimi, Krize Yanıt Vermeyi Planlama, Öğrenme Fırsatı Sunan Kısa Girişimler, Kısa Süreli Hasta Eğitimi, Özkıyım Düşüncelerini Ele Almada Motivasyonel Görüşme ve Özkıyım Girişiminde Kısa Girişim Planı sayılabilir. Ayrıca ruh sağlığı uzmanları tarafından sunulabilecek acil psikoterapi yaklaşımlarının gözden geçirilmesi de bu alanda bir müdahalede bulunulabileceğini hatırlatabilir. Örnek psikoterapi yaklaşımları arasında da Özkıyım Eğiliminde İşbirliğine Dayalı Değerlendirme ve Girişim, Diyalektik Davranış Terapisinin Beceri Kazandırma Modülleri, Özkıyımı Önlemeye Dönük Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi ve Özkıyıma Odaklanan Kısa Süreli Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi yer almaktadır. Bu derleme kısa acil girişimleri ve acil psikoterapi yaklaşımlarını özetlemektedir.

Keywords

• acil
• kısa girişim
• özkıyım
• psikoterapi
• risk değerlendirmesi

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