The Role of Emotion Regulation in the Effect of Rumination on Athletes' Goal Orientation

Abstract

Emotion regulation strategies and ruminative thoughts have an important place among the factors that are effective in athletes' optimal and minimal performance goals. Rumination is the constant preoccupation of the athlete's mind with the negative experiences and results he/she has previously experienced, and the idea that the athlete's new experiences will produce similar results, repeating in his/her mind. This situation also affects the athlete's goal orientation. Emotion regulation strategies play an important role in overcoming ruminative and similar thoughts. The aim of the research is to examine the role of cognitive reappraisal, one of the emotion regulation strategies, in the effect of rumination on athletes' goal orientations. The research was designed according to the relational screening method. The data was obtained from 307 licensed athletes using the convenience sampling method via Google form and face-to-face survey. Relationships between scales were tested with the Pearson correlation test. Analyzes regarding the mediator model were tested using Hayes's Model (4) design in the SPSS 26 program with the Process add-on. According to the findings, there is a statistically significant positive linear relationship between rumination, goal orientation and cognitive reappraisal (p<0.001). There is also a statistically significant positive linear relationship between goal orientation and cognitive reappraisal (p<0.001). However, it has been determined that cognitive reevaluation plays a full mediator role in the low-level effect of rumination on athletes' goal orientations. Based on these findings, we can say that as ruminative thoughts increase, goal orientations and cognitive reevaluation levels also increase. We can also say that the effect of rumination on goal orientations in licensed athletes can be eliminated through cognitive re-evaluation. In order to cope with ruminative thoughts that have an impact on the athlete's thoughts and actions, it is recommended that coaches, sports managers and trainers plan various training and practices to develop athletes' emotional regulation strategies.

Keywords

• Rumination
• Emotion regulation
• Goal orientation

Ruminasyonun Sporcuların Hedef Yönelimleri üzerindeki etkisinde Duygu Düzenlemenin Rolü

Öz

Sporcuların optimal ve minimal performans hedeflerinde etkili olan unsurlar arasında duygu düzenleme stratejileri ve ruminatif düşüncelerin önemli bir yeri vardır. Ruminasyon, sporcunun önceden deneyimlediği olumsuz yaşantıların ve sonuçların sporcunun zihnini sürekli meşgul etmesi, sporcunun yeni deneyimlerinde de benzer sonuçlar oluşturacağı düşüncesinin zihinde tekerrür etmesidir. Bu durum sporcunun hedef yönelimlerinde de etkili olmaktadır. Duygu düzenleme stratejileri ise ruminatif ve benzeri düşünceleri aşmada önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı, Ruminasyonun sporcuların hedef yönelimleri üzerindeki etkisinde duygu düzenleme stratejilerinden bilişsel yeniden değerlendirmenin rolünü incelemektedir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama yöntemine göre tasarlanmıştır. Veriler Google form ve yüz yüze anket aracılığıyla kolayda örnekleme yöntemine göre lisanslı 307 sporcudan elde edilmiştir. Ölçekler arası ilişkiler pearson korelasyon testi ile test edilmiştir. Aracı modele ilişkin analizler SPSS 26 programında Process eklentisi ile Hayes’ in Model (4) tasarımı üzerinden test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre ruminasyon ile hedef yönelimi ve bilişsel yeniden değerlendirme arasında istatistiki açıdan anlamlı pozitif yönlü doğrusal bir ilişki bulunmaktadır (p<0,001). Hedef yönelimi ile bilişsel yeniden değerlendirme arasında da istatistiki açıdan anlamlı pozitif yönlü doğrusal bir ilişki bulunmaktadır (p<0,001). Bununla birlikte ruminasyonun sporcuların hedef yönelimleri üzerindeki düşük düzeyli etkisinde bilişsel yeniden değerlendirmenin tam aracı rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgulardan hareketle ruminatif düşünceler arttıkça hedef yönelimleri ve bilişsel yeniden değerlendirme düzeyleri de artığını söyleyebiliriz. Ayrıca lisanslı sporcularda ruminasyonun hedef yönelimleri üzerindeki etkisinin bilişsel yeniden değerlendirme aracılığıyla ortadan kaldırılabileceğini de söyleyebiliriz. Sporcunun düşünce ve eylemleri üzerinde etkisi olan ruminatif düşüncelerle baş etmek için antrenör, spor yöneticileri ve eğitmenlerin sporcuların duygu düzenleme stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik çeşitli eğitim ve uygulamaları planlamaları önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Duygu düzenleme
• Hedef yönelimi
• Ruminasyon

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