Adölesan Kadın Basketbolcularda Yorgunluğun Görsel Reaksiyon, Dikey Sıçrama ve Kuvvet Üzerindeki Etkileri

Öz

Sporcularda fiziksel ve bilişsel performans, antrenman yoğunluğu ve yorgunluk düzeyi ile yakından ilişkilidir. Yüksek yoğunluklu sporlarda yorgunluk, motor ve bilişsel becerileri olumsuz etkileyebilir. Genç sporcuların bu etkilere nasıl tepki verdiğini araştırmak, performansın korunması açısından önem taşır. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışmanın amacı, ergen kadın basketbolcularda yorgunluğun görsel reaksiyon süresi, dikey sıçrama performansı ve el kavrama kuvveti üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Konya ilinde lisanslı olarak aktif şekilde basketbol oynayan on ergen kadın basketbolcu (15,70 ± 1,56 yaş; 59,70 ± 11,90 kg; 168,10 ± 7,07 cm) gönüllü olarak çalışmaya katılmıştır. Yorgunluk öncesinde ve sonrasında görsel reaksiyon süresi (FitLight™ sistemi), dikey sıçrama (Takei jump-metre) ve el kavrama kuvveti (Takei el dinamometresi) testleri uygulanmıştır. Yorgunluk, resmi oyun kuralları çerçevesinde, 5’e 5 oyuncuyla ve kesintisiz oyun formatında oynanan standartlaştırılmış 20 dakikalık tam saha basketbol maçı ile sağlanmıştır. Veriler SPSS 25.0 programı ile analiz edilmiş; normallik dağılımı Shapiro-Wilk testiyle değerlendirilmiş, öncesi-sonrası değerlerin karşılaştırılması için eşleştirilmiş örneklemler t-testi uygulanmıştır. Yorgunluk sonrasında hem dominant hem de non-dominant elde görsel reaksiyon süresinin anlamlı şekilde arttığı görülmüştür. Dominant el kavrama kuvvetinde de anlamlı bir azalma tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşın non-dominant el kavrama kuvveti ve dikey sıçrama performansında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir değişiklik bulunmamıştır. Yorgunluğun, ergen kadın basketbolcularda özellikle bilişsel-motor beceriler (reaksiyon süresi ve kavrama kuvveti) üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olduğu, alt ekstremite patlayıcı gücü üzerindeki etkisinin ise sınırlı kaldığı görülmektedir. Bu bulgular, ergen kadın sporcularda yorgunluğa bağlı performans düşüşlerini azaltmaya yönelik antrenman yükü planlaması ve toparlanma protokollerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Basketbol
• Yorgunluk
• El kavrama kuvveti
• Görsel Reaksiyon Süresi

The Effects of Fatigue on Visual Reaction Time, Vertical Jump, and Strength in Adolescent Female Basketball Players

Abstract

Physical and cognitive performance in athletes is closely related to training intensity and fatigue level. In high-intensity sports, fatigue can negatively affect motor and cognitive skills. Investigating how young athletes respond to these effects is important for maintaining performance. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to examine the effects of fatigue on visual reaction time, vertical jump performance, and handgrip strength in adolescent female basketball players. Ten adolescent female basketball players (15.70 ± 1.56 years; 59.70 ± 11.90 kg; 168.10 ± 7.07 cm) who were licensed and actively playing in Konya voluntarily participated in the study. Visual reaction time (using the FitLight™ system), vertical jump (Takei jump-meter), and handgrip strength (Takei hand dynamometer) tests were administered before and after fatigue. Fatigue was induced by a standardized 20-minute full-court basketball match following official game rules, including 5 vs 5 players with continuous play. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0; normal distribution was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, and paired samples t-test was used to compare pre- and post-fatigue values. After fatigue, visual reaction time significantly increased in both the dominant and non-dominant hands. A significant decrease was also observed in dominant handgrip strength. However, no statistically significant change was found in non-dominant handgrip strength or vertical jump performance. Fatigue has a particularly negative impact on cognitive-motor skills (reaction time and grip strength) in adolescent female basketball players, while its effect on lower extremity explosive power appears to be limited. These findings may inform the design of training loads and recovery protocols in adolescent female athletes to mitigate fatigue-related performance drops.

Keywords

• Basketball
• Fatigue
• Handgrip strength
• Visual Reaction Time

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