Tiroit Hormonları ve Hastalıkları

Öz

Genel metabolik etkiye sahip olan tiroit hormonlarının (tiroksin, triiyodotironin), perifer hedef dokuda etkisinin azalması hipotiroidizm olarak adlandırılırken, tiroit bezi ya da ektratiroidal kaynaklı olarak fazla miktarda salgılanması ile karakterize tabloya ise hipertiroidizm denilmektedir. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de yaygın olarak hipotiroidizm oluşumundaki en büyük etken iyot yetersizliğidir. Nitekim, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO, 2007) verilerine göre, dünya nüfusunun yaklaşık üçte biri 50µg’ın altında iyot almakta ve bu durum nörojenik kretinizm, mental gerilik, guatr ve hipotiroidizme yol açmaktadır. Hipertiroidizmin ise genellikle, iyot bakımından yeterli bölgelerde bilinçsizce iyotlama çalışmaları sonucu ortaya çıktığı vurgulanmaktadır (Vanderpump, 2011). Türkiye’de de Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği (TEMD, 2015), okul çağındaki çocukların %28.7’sinin iyot yetersizliği ile karşı karşıya olduğunu, kırsal kesimdeki çocukları iyot yetersizliği tehdit ederken, kentlerdekilerde tirotoksikozise yol açabilecek kadar yüksek miktarda iyot alımına dikkat çekmiştir.

Dolayısıyla, tiroit hormon metabolizmasına ait bozukluklar halen önemli bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu derlemede, halen önemli fizyolojik problemlere yol açan tiroit hormonlarının metabolizmasına ait bozukluklar son bilgiler ışığında özetlenerek, toplu bir bilgi sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tiroid,Hipotiroidizm,Hipertiroidizm,Guatr,Tiroid Hastalıkları

Thyroid Hormones and Diseases

Abstract

Hypothyroidism, which is caused by the small secretion of thyroid hormones (thyroxine, triiodothyronine), which have general metabolic effects, is also called hyperthyroidism with excessive secretion from thyroid gland or extrathyroidal origin. Iodine deficiency in the world and is the biggest factor in the widespread occurrence of hypothyroidism in Turkey. In fact, according to World Health Organization (WHO 2007) data, approximately one third of the world population receives iodine below 50µg, leading to neurogenic crestinism, mental retardation, goiter and hypothyroidism. It is emphasized that hyperthyroidism generally arises as a result of unconsciously iodizing studies in regions sufficient for iodine (Vanderpump, 2011). Turkey also Endocrinology and Metabolism Society (TEMD, 2015), children of school age is faced with the iodine deficiency 28.7%, while threatening children with iodine deficiency in rural areas, drew attention to the reception of iodine intake enough to cause urban area thyrotoxicosis.

Thus, disorders of thyroid hormone metabolism are still an important problem. In this review, it is aimed to summarize the disorders of the metabolism of thyroid hormones, which still cause important physiological problems, in the light of the latest information and to present a collective information.

Keywords

• Thyroid,Hypothyroidism,Hyperthyroidism,Goiter,Thyroid Disease

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