Career Predictions of Students Faculty of Sports Sciences: Perceived Obstacles, Role Model and Self-Efficiency

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 1078 - 1094, 28.12.2022

Özge Aydın Yeliz Eratlı Şirin

https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1162413

Abstract

As with many leadership positions, women hold very few head coaching positions in sports. This does not mean that women do not play sports and do not hold many positions in the field of sports. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between Perceived Barriers and Role Model perceptions of athletes-students and Self-Efficacy on basis of Social Cognitive Career Theory. For this purpose, the sample of the research consisted of 109 female athletes-students. The results, a difference was found between the age of the athlete students, the gender of the coach, the year of doing sports and the sports branch, and the dimensions of coaching self-efficacy and role modeling. Differences were found between the age of the athletes, the gender of the coach, the branch of sports and the dimension of discrimination. A significant relationship was found between trainer gender and self-efficacy and being a role model.

Keywords

Self-efficacy, Perceived hindrance, Role model effect, Athletes-students

References

• Acosta, R. V., & Carpenter, L. J. (1985). Status of women in athletics--changes and causes. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, 56(6), 35-37.
• Ayseven A. (2016). Öz Yeterlilik: Bir Kavram Analizi. Turkish Studies, 11/19, 67.
• Balyan, M. (2009). İlköğretim 2.Kademe ve Ortaöğretim Kurumlarındaki Öğrencilerin Beden Eğitimi Dersine Yönelik Tutumları, Sosyal Beceri ve Özyeterlik Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması, Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
• Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory of personality. In L. Pervin & O. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality (2nd ed., pp. 154–196). New York: Guilford Press.
• Barber, H. (1998). Examining gender differences in sources and levels of perceived competence in interscholastic coaches. The Sport Psychologist, 12, 237-252.
• Barut, A.İ. (2008). Sporda Batıl Davranış ve Özyeterlik İlişkisi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Mersin, 19-20-27-35-48.
• Bentler, P. M. (1980). Multivariate Analysis with latent variables: Causal modeling. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 419-456
• Betz, N. E. (1992). Counseling uses of career self-efficacy theory. Career Development Quarterly, 41, 22-26.
• Browne, M. W. ve Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. K.A. Bollen, ve J. S. Long (Ed.) Testing structural equation models içinde (s. 136-162). Beverly Hills
• Cunningham, G. B., & Sagas, M. (2003). Treatment discrimination among coaches of women’s teams. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74, 455–466.
• Cunningham, G. B., Bruening, J., Sartore, M. L., Sagas, M., & Fink, J. S. (2005). The application of social cognitive career theory to sport and leisure career choices. Journal of Career Development, 32, 122–138.
• Cunningham, G.B,; Doherty A.J.; Gregg M.J. (2007). Using Social Cognitive Career Theory To Understand Head Coaching Intentions Among Assistant Coaches Of Women’s Teams. Published online: 28 February 2007 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2007. DOI 10.1007/s11199-006-9175-z
• Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G.; Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve Lisrel uygulamaları (1. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
• Deckelbaum, L. (2016). "An Examination of Collegiate Athletes', Undergraduate Sport Science Majors', and Athlete Majors' Intent to Pursue Collegiate Coaching as a Career". Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 5459. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/5459
• Duarte, D., Garganta, J., Fonseca, M. (2014). Does the experience influence the efficacy of football coach? A perspective from coaches with different levels of experience as player and as coach. Journal of Human Sport ve Exercise, 9(1), 17-30.
• Everhart, C. B., & Chelladurai, P. (1998). Gender differences in preferences for coaching as an occupation: The role of self-efficacy, valence, and perceived barriers. Research Quarterly for Excercise and Sport, 69, 188-200.
• Feltz, D.L., Hepler, T.J., Roman, N., Paiement, C. (2009). Coaching efficacy and volunteer youth sport coaches. The sport psychologist, 23(1), 24-41
• Gati, I., Krausz, M., & Osipow, S. H. (1996). A taxonomy of difficulties in career decision making. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 510-526.
• Gysbers, N. C., Heppner, M. J., & Johnston, J. A. (2003). Career counseling: Process, issues, and techniques (2nd ed.). Boston: Pearson Education
• Hart, B., Hasbrook, C., & Mathes, S. (1986). An examination of the reduction in the number of female interscholastic coaches. Research Quarterly for Excercise and Sport, 57, 68-77
• Imeson, Taylor Dawn, "Understanding the Absence of Female Coaches in Sport and the Value of Same-Sex Role Models for Female Athletes in Their Coaching Pursuits" (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 5990.https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5990
• Kelli Moran-Miller & Lisa Y. Flores (2011) Where Are the Women in Women's Sports? Predictors of Female Athletes' Interest in a Coaching Career, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82:1, 109-117, DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2011.10599727
• Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
• Koçak, Ç.V. (2019) Antrenör adaylarının antrenör öz yeterlik düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Hitit Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Spormetre, 2019,17(1),55-62.
• Kowalski, C.L. (2007). An analysis of coaching efficacy in volunteer soccer coaches. Master Thesis, North Iowa University. U.S.A.
• Lee, K.-H. (1999). Theoretical understanding of female intercollegiate athletes' perceptions on career development Unpublished Dissertation. University of Tennessee.
• Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance [Monograph]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45, 79-122.
• Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (2002). Social cognitive career theory. In D. Brown & Associates (Eds.), Career choice and development (4th ed., pp. 255-311). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
• Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., Nota, L., & Soresi, S. (2003). Testing social cognitive interest and choice hypotheses across Holland types in Italian high school students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62, 101-118.
• Mann, L., Harmoni, R., & Power, C. (1989). Adolescent decision-making: The development of competence. Journal of Adolescence, 12, 265-278.
• Mentiş Köksoy, A.(2017). Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının müzik öğretimi özyeterlilik düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, cilt.0, ss.297-320.
• Myers, N. D., Feltz, D. L., Chase, M. A., Reckase, M. D., ve Hancock, G. R. (2008): The coaching efficacy scale II High school teams. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 68(6), 1059-1076.
• Nauta M.M., Kokaly M.L. (2001). Assessing Role Model Influences on Students’ Academic and Vocational Decisions. Journal of Career Assessment Volume 9/Number 1/Pages 81-99.
• Nelson, M. B. (1991). Are We Winning Yet? How Women are Changing Sports and Sports are Changing Women. New York: Random House.
• Osipow, S. H. (1999). Assessing career indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55, 147-154.
• Özkan, G. (2019). Üniversite Öğrencisi Kadin Futbolcularin Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algilari İle Sporcu Öz Yeterlilik Algilari Arasindaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın.
• Perrone, K. M., Zanardelli, G., Worthington, E. L., Jr., & Chartrand, J. M. (2002). Role model influence on the career decidedness of college students. College Student Journal, 36(1), 109–112.
• Sarı İ. (2013). Güreşçilerin Motivasyonu ve Özyeterlikleri İle Antrenörlerin Liderlik Davranışlarının İlişkisi, Doktora Tezi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kocaeli, 6-46-63.
• Yılmaz M. (2014). Öğretmen Adaylarının Öğrenme Stillerinin Öğrenme Öğretme Anlayışları ve Fen Öğretimine Yönelik Özyeterlik İnançları İle İlişkisi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bolu, 13.
• Yu, C. Y. (2002). Evaluating cutoff criteria of model fit indices for latent variable models with binary and continuous outcomes. (Doktora Tezi). Los Angeles: University of California, 2002
• Quimby, J. L., & Desantis, A. M. (2006). The influence of role models on women’s career choices. Career Development Quarterly, 54(4), p. 297-307.