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Exploring the Link Between Football Team Fans' Evangelism Levels and Their Perceptions of Team Innovation

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 788 - 801, 28.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1276097

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the evangelism levels of football fans and their perceptions of the innovation of the teams they support. A total of 325 people, 228 males and 97 females, who were determined by simple random sampling method, participated in the study. In addition to the personal information form containing the demographic characteristics of the participants, the "Sports Team Evangelism (eFANgelism) Scale" (STEÖ) was used to measure the evangelism levels of individuals towards the football team they are fans of and the "Innovation in Sports Scale" (SIAS) was used to measure the innovation perceptions of the clubs as data collection tools in the study. Descriptive relational survey method was utilized in the study. T-Test was used for pairwise comparisons, ANOVA for multiple comparisons, Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between efangelism and innovation, and regression analysis was used to determine the prediction of efangelism with innovation. In the findings obtained, it was seen that there were significant differences in the innovation perceptions of the fans according to the team they support and in their evangelism levels according to the years of supporting the teams. In addition, it has been determined that there is a significant relationship between the evangelism levels of the fans and the innovation perceptions of their teams and that there is a strong interaction between the innovation levels of the teams and evangelism. As a result, it has been determined that the difference of the club makes a difference in the innovation perception of the fans, the years of supporting their clubs make a difference in the level of evangelism, and the level of evangelism of the fans has an effect and relationship on the innovation approaches of their clubs.

References

  • Altun, Ş. (2007). İnovasyonla başarıyı yakalayan türkler. MediaCat Yayıncılık. İstanbul.
  • Arslanoğlu K. (2005). Futbolun psikiyatrisi. İthaki Yayınları. İstanbul.
  • Bauer, H. H., Stokburger-Sauer, N. E., & Exler, S. (2008). Brand image and fan loyalty in professional team sport: A refined model and empirical assessment. Journal of Sport Management, 22(2), 205–226. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.22.2.205
  • Brown, A. (1998). Fanatics: Power, identity and fandom in football (1 Edition). Routledge. London.
  • Budi, D. R., & Widyaningsih, R. (2021). Revealing fanaticism of football supporters. Mass Psychology Perspective. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health, 24(03). https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24343
  • Choudhury, M., Mishra, B. B. & Mohanty, P. K. (2019). An empirical study of brand evangelism for recommending cars-a qualitative & systematic review of literature. International Journal of Technical Research & Science, 4 (3): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.30780/IJTRS.V04.I03.001
  • Devecioğlu, S., (2008). Spor kulüplerinde inovasyon yönetimi. Futbol Ekonomisi Stratejik Araştırma Merkezi. İstanbul
  • Dwyer, B. (2011). Divided loyalty? An analysis of fantasy football involvement and fan loyalty to individual national football League (NFL) teams. Journal of Sport Management, 25(5), 445–457. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.5.445
  • Dwyer, B., Greenhalgh, G. P., & LeCrom, C. W. (2015). Exploring fan behavior: Developing a scale to measure sport eFANgelism. Journal of Sport Management, 29(6), 642–656. https://doi. org/10.1123/JSM.2014-0201
  • Eime, R. M., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., Casey, M. M., Westerbeek, H., & Payne, W. R. (2016). Age profiles of sport participants. BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation, 8(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-016-0031-3
  • Elçi Ş. (2009). İnovasyon kalkınmanın ve rekabetin anahtarı. 13. Baskı. Technopolis Group. Ankara.
  • Funk, D., Alexandris, K., & McDonald, H. (2016). Sport consumer behaviour: Marketing strategies (2. Edition). Routledge. London. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315691909
  • Goldsmith, S. (2010). The power of social innovation: How civic entrepreneurs ıgnite community networks for good (1. Edition). John Wiley & Sons Hoboken. USA.
  • Göktaş, B., & Tarakçı, İ. E. (2020). Marka evangelizminin satın alma bağımlılığı, satın alma niyeti ve tavsiyede bulunma üzerindeki etkisi: taraftar ürünleri örneği. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(1), 126-145. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2020.832
  • Hartley, J. (2005). Innovation in governance and public services: Past and present. Public Money & Management, 25(1), 27–34.
  • Hyysalo, S. (2009). User innovation and everyday practices: Micro‐innovation in sports industry development. R&D Management, 39(3), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00558.x
  • Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar ilkeler teknikler (30. Basım). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Kandaz-Gelen, N., Öntürk, Y., Satılmış, S. E., Yaraş, A., & Şahin, İ. (2022). Investigation of sport team evangelism (eFANgelism) behaviors of faculty of sports sciences students. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 5(3), 675-685. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38021asbid.1148591
  • Kang, H. (2021). Sample size determination and power analysis using the G* Power software. Journal of educational evaluation for health professions, 18. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.17
  • Koruç Z., Bayar P., & Arslan F. (2004). Türkiye’de futbol fanatikleri: Sosyal kimlik ve şiddet. Türkiye Futbol adamları Derneği Ankara Şubesi ve Spor Toto Genel Müdürlüğü Futbol Müsabakalarında Terörün Nedenleri ve Önleme Yolları Bilimsel Araştırma Yarışması. Ankara.
  • Kurtuluş, K. (1998). Pazarlama araştırmaları. Genişletilmiş 6. Baskı. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Küçükibiş, H. F., & Yurtsızoğlu, Z. (2019). Investigation of the evangelism of sport team’s attitudes of the high school students. Journal of Educationand Training Studies, 7(3), 106-113. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i3S.4154
  • Matzler, K., Pichler, E., & Hemetsberger, A. (2009). Passionate devotees or knowledgeable brand experts: Who drives evangelism?, American Marketing Association / Winter Educators' Conference Proceedings, February, 239-241.
  • OECD. (2005). Oslo kılavuzu: Yenilik verilerinin toplanması ve yorumlanması için ilkeler. Tübitak Yayınları. İstanbul.
  • Park, S., Kim, S., & Chiu, W. (2021). Segmenting sport fans by eFANgelism: a cluster analysis of South Korean soccer fans. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2021.1873169
  • Popovic, S., Bjelica, D., Zarubica, M., Pekovic, S., & Matic, R. (2021). Attitudes of sport organization officials toward links between the sports sector, sports industry, and knowledge organizations with innovations in montenegrin Sport. Sport Mont., 19, 95–100. https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.210619
  • Potts, J., & Ratten, V. (2016). Sports innovation: Introduction to the special section. Innovation, 18(3), 233-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2016.1241154
  • Radaelli, G., Dell’Era, C., Frattini, F., & Messeni Petruzzelli, A. (2018). Entrepreneurship and human capital in professional sport: A longitudinal analysis of the Italian soccer league. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 42(1), 70–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717732957
  • Ratten, V. (2016). Sport innovation management: Towards a research agenda. Innovation, 18, 238–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2016.1244471
  • Sutton, W. A., McDonald, M. A., Milne, G. R., & Cimperman, J. (1997). Creating and fostering fan identification in professional sports. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 6, 15–22.
  • Su'udi, A. (2010). Football Inspirations for Success. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: pearson
  • Tan, F. Y., Hassan, M. H. A., Johari, N. H., Omar, M. N., & Hasanudin, I. (2022). The effect of wearing soccer headgear on the head response in soccer heading. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 19(4), 10112-10120. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.4.2022.08.0782
  • Tjønndal, A. (2017). Sport innovation: Developing a typology. European Journal for Sport and Society, 14(4), 291-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2017.1421504
  • Tosun-Tunç, G., & Sevilmiş, A. (2019). Sporda inovasyon: Bir derleme çalışması. Türk Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 39-46.
  • Winand, M., Schneiders, C., Merten, S., & Marlier, M. (2021). Sports fans and innovation: An analysis of football fans’ satisfaction with video assistant refereeing through social identity and argumentative theories. Journal of Business Research, 136, 99-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.07.029
  • Yüksekbilgili, Z. (2017). Spor Takımı Evangelizmi (eFANgelizm) Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 24(3), 959-969. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.372004
  • Yüzgenç, A. A., Doğan, H., & Koç, M. C. (2022). Examination of Turkish Football Fans' Brand Evangelism (Efangelism) levels and ıntention to purchase. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(02), 453-453. https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22162453
  • Yoshida, M., & Nakazawa, M. (2016). Innovative sport consumption experience: an empirical test in spectator and participant sports. Journal of Applied Sport Management, 8(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.18666/JASM-2016-V8-I1-6024

Futbol Takımı Taraftarlarının Evangelizm (Efangelizm) Düzeyleri ile Takım İnovasyonu Algıları Arasındaki Bağın Araştırılması

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 788 - 801, 28.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1276097

Abstract

Bu çalışmada futbol taraftarlarının evangelizm düzeylerinin, destekledikleri takımlarının inovasyon algıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya, basit tesadüfi örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenen 228’i erkek ve 97’si kadın olmak üzere toplam 325 kişi katılmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama araçları olarak katılımcıların demografik özelliklerini içeren kişisel bilgi formunun dışında, bireylerin taraftarı oldukları futbol takımına karşı evangelist düzeylerini ölçmek amacıyla “Spor Takımı Evangelizmi (eFANgelizm) Ölçeği” (STEÖ) ve kulüplerin inovasyon algılarını ölçmek amacıyla “Sporda İnovasyon Ölçeği” (SİÖ) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada betimsel ilişkisel tarama yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. İkili karşılaştırmalarda T-Testi, çoklu karşılaştırmalarda ANOVA, efangelizm ve inovasyon arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenebilmesi için pearson korelasyon analizi ve efangelizmin inovasyon ile yordanmasının belirlenebilmesi için regresyon analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda taraftarların destekledikleri takım değişkenine göre inovasyon algılarında ve takımları destekleme yıllarına göre evangelizm düzeylerinde anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca taraftarların evangelizm düzeyleri ile takımlarının inovasyon algıları arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu ve takımların inovasyon düzeyleri ile evangelizm arasında güçlü bir etkileşimin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kulüp farklılığının taraftarların inovasyon algısında, kulüplerini destekleme yıllarının efangelizm düzeyinde farklılık yarattığı, taraftarların efangelizm seviyesinin kulüplerinin inovasyon yaklaşımları üzerinde etkisi ve ilişkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Altun, Ş. (2007). İnovasyonla başarıyı yakalayan türkler. MediaCat Yayıncılık. İstanbul.
  • Arslanoğlu K. (2005). Futbolun psikiyatrisi. İthaki Yayınları. İstanbul.
  • Bauer, H. H., Stokburger-Sauer, N. E., & Exler, S. (2008). Brand image and fan loyalty in professional team sport: A refined model and empirical assessment. Journal of Sport Management, 22(2), 205–226. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.22.2.205
  • Brown, A. (1998). Fanatics: Power, identity and fandom in football (1 Edition). Routledge. London.
  • Budi, D. R., & Widyaningsih, R. (2021). Revealing fanaticism of football supporters. Mass Psychology Perspective. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health, 24(03). https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.24343
  • Choudhury, M., Mishra, B. B. & Mohanty, P. K. (2019). An empirical study of brand evangelism for recommending cars-a qualitative & systematic review of literature. International Journal of Technical Research & Science, 4 (3): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.30780/IJTRS.V04.I03.001
  • Devecioğlu, S., (2008). Spor kulüplerinde inovasyon yönetimi. Futbol Ekonomisi Stratejik Araştırma Merkezi. İstanbul
  • Dwyer, B. (2011). Divided loyalty? An analysis of fantasy football involvement and fan loyalty to individual national football League (NFL) teams. Journal of Sport Management, 25(5), 445–457. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.5.445
  • Dwyer, B., Greenhalgh, G. P., & LeCrom, C. W. (2015). Exploring fan behavior: Developing a scale to measure sport eFANgelism. Journal of Sport Management, 29(6), 642–656. https://doi. org/10.1123/JSM.2014-0201
  • Eime, R. M., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., Casey, M. M., Westerbeek, H., & Payne, W. R. (2016). Age profiles of sport participants. BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation, 8(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-016-0031-3
  • Elçi Ş. (2009). İnovasyon kalkınmanın ve rekabetin anahtarı. 13. Baskı. Technopolis Group. Ankara.
  • Funk, D., Alexandris, K., & McDonald, H. (2016). Sport consumer behaviour: Marketing strategies (2. Edition). Routledge. London. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315691909
  • Goldsmith, S. (2010). The power of social innovation: How civic entrepreneurs ıgnite community networks for good (1. Edition). John Wiley & Sons Hoboken. USA.
  • Göktaş, B., & Tarakçı, İ. E. (2020). Marka evangelizminin satın alma bağımlılığı, satın alma niyeti ve tavsiyede bulunma üzerindeki etkisi: taraftar ürünleri örneği. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(1), 126-145. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2020.832
  • Hartley, J. (2005). Innovation in governance and public services: Past and present. Public Money & Management, 25(1), 27–34.
  • Hyysalo, S. (2009). User innovation and everyday practices: Micro‐innovation in sports industry development. R&D Management, 39(3), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00558.x
  • Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar ilkeler teknikler (30. Basım). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Kandaz-Gelen, N., Öntürk, Y., Satılmış, S. E., Yaraş, A., & Şahin, İ. (2022). Investigation of sport team evangelism (eFANgelism) behaviors of faculty of sports sciences students. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 5(3), 675-685. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38021asbid.1148591
  • Kang, H. (2021). Sample size determination and power analysis using the G* Power software. Journal of educational evaluation for health professions, 18. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.17
  • Koruç Z., Bayar P., & Arslan F. (2004). Türkiye’de futbol fanatikleri: Sosyal kimlik ve şiddet. Türkiye Futbol adamları Derneği Ankara Şubesi ve Spor Toto Genel Müdürlüğü Futbol Müsabakalarında Terörün Nedenleri ve Önleme Yolları Bilimsel Araştırma Yarışması. Ankara.
  • Kurtuluş, K. (1998). Pazarlama araştırmaları. Genişletilmiş 6. Baskı. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Küçükibiş, H. F., & Yurtsızoğlu, Z. (2019). Investigation of the evangelism of sport team’s attitudes of the high school students. Journal of Educationand Training Studies, 7(3), 106-113. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i3S.4154
  • Matzler, K., Pichler, E., & Hemetsberger, A. (2009). Passionate devotees or knowledgeable brand experts: Who drives evangelism?, American Marketing Association / Winter Educators' Conference Proceedings, February, 239-241.
  • OECD. (2005). Oslo kılavuzu: Yenilik verilerinin toplanması ve yorumlanması için ilkeler. Tübitak Yayınları. İstanbul.
  • Park, S., Kim, S., & Chiu, W. (2021). Segmenting sport fans by eFANgelism: a cluster analysis of South Korean soccer fans. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2021.1873169
  • Popovic, S., Bjelica, D., Zarubica, M., Pekovic, S., & Matic, R. (2021). Attitudes of sport organization officials toward links between the sports sector, sports industry, and knowledge organizations with innovations in montenegrin Sport. Sport Mont., 19, 95–100. https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.210619
  • Potts, J., & Ratten, V. (2016). Sports innovation: Introduction to the special section. Innovation, 18(3), 233-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2016.1241154
  • Radaelli, G., Dell’Era, C., Frattini, F., & Messeni Petruzzelli, A. (2018). Entrepreneurship and human capital in professional sport: A longitudinal analysis of the Italian soccer league. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 42(1), 70–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717732957
  • Ratten, V. (2016). Sport innovation management: Towards a research agenda. Innovation, 18, 238–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2016.1244471
  • Sutton, W. A., McDonald, M. A., Milne, G. R., & Cimperman, J. (1997). Creating and fostering fan identification in professional sports. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 6, 15–22.
  • Su'udi, A. (2010). Football Inspirations for Success. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: pearson
  • Tan, F. Y., Hassan, M. H. A., Johari, N. H., Omar, M. N., & Hasanudin, I. (2022). The effect of wearing soccer headgear on the head response in soccer heading. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 19(4), 10112-10120. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.4.2022.08.0782
  • Tjønndal, A. (2017). Sport innovation: Developing a typology. European Journal for Sport and Society, 14(4), 291-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2017.1421504
  • Tosun-Tunç, G., & Sevilmiş, A. (2019). Sporda inovasyon: Bir derleme çalışması. Türk Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 39-46.
  • Winand, M., Schneiders, C., Merten, S., & Marlier, M. (2021). Sports fans and innovation: An analysis of football fans’ satisfaction with video assistant refereeing through social identity and argumentative theories. Journal of Business Research, 136, 99-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.07.029
  • Yüksekbilgili, Z. (2017). Spor Takımı Evangelizmi (eFANgelizm) Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 24(3), 959-969. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.372004
  • Yüzgenç, A. A., Doğan, H., & Koç, M. C. (2022). Examination of Turkish Football Fans' Brand Evangelism (Efangelism) levels and ıntention to purchase. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(02), 453-453. https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22162453
  • Yoshida, M., & Nakazawa, M. (2016). Innovative sport consumption experience: an empirical test in spectator and participant sports. Journal of Applied Sport Management, 8(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.18666/JASM-2016-V8-I1-6024
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Activity Management
Journal Section Arşiv
Authors

Serkan Necati Metin 0000-0001-5951-2893

Yağmur Akkoyunlu 0000-0002-5184-1331

Early Pub Date September 28, 2023
Publication Date September 28, 2023
Submission Date April 3, 2023
Acceptance Date August 13, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Metin, S. N., & Akkoyunlu, Y. (2023). Exploring the Link Between Football Team Fans’ Evangelism Levels and Their Perceptions of Team Innovation. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 788-801. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1276097

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Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CC BY-NC 4.0 .

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