Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 37, 17 - 29, 31.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.65083/asbider.1613859

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akbari, S. C. (2000). From Due East to True North: Orientalism and Orientation. In J. J. Cohen (Ed.), The Postcolonial Middle Ages (pp. 19–34). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Akbari, S. C. (2005). The Hunger for National Identity in Richard Coer De Lion. In R. M. Stein & S. P. Prior (Eds), Reading Medieval Culture: Essays in Honor of Robert W. Hanning (pp. 198–227). University of Notre Dame Press.
  • Al-Olaqi, F. M. T. S. (2012). English Literary Portrait of the Arabs. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 9, 1767–1775.
  • Arendt, H. (1968). Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought. Viking Press.
  • Brahms, Y. (2020). Philosophy of Post-Truth.
  • Classen, A. (Ed.). (2016). Meeting the Foreign in the Middle Ages. Routledge.
  • Cohen, J. J. (2001). On Saracen Enjoyment: Some Fantasies of Race in Late Medieval France and England. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 31(1), 113–146.
  • Cordery, L. (2002). The Saracens in Middle English Literature: A Definition of Otherness. Al-Masāq, 14(2), 87–99.
  • Heng, G. (2000). The Romance of England: Richard Coer De Lyon, Saracens, Jews, and the Politics of Race and Nation. In J. J. Cohen (Ed.), The Postcolonial Middle Ages (pp. 135–171). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Jones, C. M. (1942). The Conventional Saracen of the Songs of Geste. Speculum-a Journal of Medieval Studies, 17(2), 201–225.
  • Jubb, M. (2005). The Crusaders’ Perceptions of Their Opponents. In H. J. Nicholson (Ed.), Palgrave Advances in the Crusades (pp. 225–244). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kim, D. (2021). The Politics of the Medieval Preracial. Literature Compass, 18(10).
  • Larkin, P. (2015). Richard Coer De Lyon. Medieval Institute Publications.
  • Mayrhofer, S. (2013). What Is Sarezyns Flesch Thus Good?: Cannibalism and the Humors in Richard Cœr De Lyon. eHumanista: Journal of Iberian Studies, 25, 75–93.
  • McDonald, N. (2004). Eating People and the Alimentary Logic of Richard Coeur De Lion. In N. McDonald (Ed.), Pulp Fictions of Medieval England: Essays in Popular Romance (pp. 124–150). Manchester University Press.
  • Mcintyre, L. (2018). Post-Truth. MIT Press.
  • Menache, S. (2010). Love of God or Hatred of Your Enemy? The Emotional Voices of the Crusades. Mirabilia, 10, 1–20.
  • Metlitzki, D. (1977). The Matter of Araby in Medieval England. Yale University Press.
  • Munro, D. C. (1931). The Western Attitude Toward Islam During the Period of the Crusades. Speculum-a Journal of Medieval Studies, 1(3), 330–343.
  • Ottweill-Soulsby, S. (2016). Those Same Cursed Saracens’: Charlemagne’s Campaigns in the Iberian Peninsula as Religious Warfare. Journal of Medieval History, 42(4).
  • Pop, R. (2020). On the Post-Truth as a Lie. RUDN Journal of Philosophy, 24(1), 64–76.
  • Rajabzadeh, S. (2019). The Depoliticized Saracen and Muslim Erasure. Literature Compass, 16(9–10).
  • Rouse, R. (2000). Expectation Vs. Experience: Encountering the Saracen Other in Middle English Romance. SELIM: Journal of the Spanish Society for Medieval English Language and Literature, 10, 125–140.
  • Seifert, C. M. (2017). The Distributed Influence of Misinformation. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 6(4), 397–400.
  • Speed, D. (1990). The Saracens of King Horn. Speculum-a Journal of Medieval Studies, 65(3), 564–595.
  • Stanley, J. (2015). How Propaganda Works. Princeton University Press.
  • Strickland, D. H. (2003). Saracens, Demons & Jews: Making Monsters in Medieval Art. Princeton University Press.
  • Sumberg, L. A. M. (1959). The Tafurs and the First Crusade. Mediaeval Studies, 21, 224–246.
  • Tischler, M. M. (2015). Lex Mahometi: The Authority of a Pattern of Religious Polemics. Journal of Transcultural Medieval Studies, 2(1), 3–62.
  • Tolan, J. V. (2002). Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination. Columbia University Press.
  • Tolan, J. V. (2008). Sons of Ishmael: Muslims Through European Eyes in the Middle Ages. University Press of Florida.

Constructing the Post-truth in the Middle English Romance

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 37, 17 - 29, 31.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.65083/asbider.1613859

Öz

The concept of post-truth extends deep into history, transcending the boundaries of time and place, and is a defining characteristic of our modern age. The digital age is often associated with post-truth because it fosters an atmosphere where the abundant dissemination of information and the flexibility of truth take precedence over objective accuracy, driven by emotional appeals and ideology. However, the roots of post-truth seem to lie deeper and possess a complex narrative that has spanned centuries. This article examines medieval English romance, notably Richard Coeur de Lion, through the lens of post-truth. Experts have long studied how chivalry, noble love, and heroism are depicted in medieval English romances. These literary narratives intricately blend themes, symbols, and characters to illuminate the complex interactions between Christians and Muslims during the Middle Ages. However, these representations, especially those related to Islam and Muslims, are often overlooked from a realistic perspective. The depiction of Saracens is not just a narrative choice but also a reflection of the cultural and historical context that forms the foundation of medieval English romances. This article examines how Islam and Muslims are represented in the medieval English romance Richard Coeur de Lion, particularly in the context of post-truth dynamics regarding Saracens. This medieval romance depicts a society that strategically manipulates the truth for political and ideological reasons. Richard Coeur de Lion deliberately distorts historical and theological truths to evoke emotional responses, strengthen Christian faith, and position the Saracen as the inherent other. This study uncovers medieval examples of post-truth strategies by examining the adaptable structure of the romance and its narrative style that prioritizes emotional responses over facts. This article discusses how the moral guidance of medieval narratives, such as those featuring Richard Coeur de Lion, influences perceptions of reality by deliberately incorporating distortions and how it affects the representation of Saracens within the context of the Crusades.

Kaynakça

  • Akbari, S. C. (2000). From Due East to True North: Orientalism and Orientation. In J. J. Cohen (Ed.), The Postcolonial Middle Ages (pp. 19–34). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Akbari, S. C. (2005). The Hunger for National Identity in Richard Coer De Lion. In R. M. Stein & S. P. Prior (Eds), Reading Medieval Culture: Essays in Honor of Robert W. Hanning (pp. 198–227). University of Notre Dame Press.
  • Al-Olaqi, F. M. T. S. (2012). English Literary Portrait of the Arabs. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 9, 1767–1775.
  • Arendt, H. (1968). Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought. Viking Press.
  • Brahms, Y. (2020). Philosophy of Post-Truth.
  • Classen, A. (Ed.). (2016). Meeting the Foreign in the Middle Ages. Routledge.
  • Cohen, J. J. (2001). On Saracen Enjoyment: Some Fantasies of Race in Late Medieval France and England. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 31(1), 113–146.
  • Cordery, L. (2002). The Saracens in Middle English Literature: A Definition of Otherness. Al-Masāq, 14(2), 87–99.
  • Heng, G. (2000). The Romance of England: Richard Coer De Lyon, Saracens, Jews, and the Politics of Race and Nation. In J. J. Cohen (Ed.), The Postcolonial Middle Ages (pp. 135–171). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Jones, C. M. (1942). The Conventional Saracen of the Songs of Geste. Speculum-a Journal of Medieval Studies, 17(2), 201–225.
  • Jubb, M. (2005). The Crusaders’ Perceptions of Their Opponents. In H. J. Nicholson (Ed.), Palgrave Advances in the Crusades (pp. 225–244). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kim, D. (2021). The Politics of the Medieval Preracial. Literature Compass, 18(10).
  • Larkin, P. (2015). Richard Coer De Lyon. Medieval Institute Publications.
  • Mayrhofer, S. (2013). What Is Sarezyns Flesch Thus Good?: Cannibalism and the Humors in Richard Cœr De Lyon. eHumanista: Journal of Iberian Studies, 25, 75–93.
  • McDonald, N. (2004). Eating People and the Alimentary Logic of Richard Coeur De Lion. In N. McDonald (Ed.), Pulp Fictions of Medieval England: Essays in Popular Romance (pp. 124–150). Manchester University Press.
  • Mcintyre, L. (2018). Post-Truth. MIT Press.
  • Menache, S. (2010). Love of God or Hatred of Your Enemy? The Emotional Voices of the Crusades. Mirabilia, 10, 1–20.
  • Metlitzki, D. (1977). The Matter of Araby in Medieval England. Yale University Press.
  • Munro, D. C. (1931). The Western Attitude Toward Islam During the Period of the Crusades. Speculum-a Journal of Medieval Studies, 1(3), 330–343.
  • Ottweill-Soulsby, S. (2016). Those Same Cursed Saracens’: Charlemagne’s Campaigns in the Iberian Peninsula as Religious Warfare. Journal of Medieval History, 42(4).
  • Pop, R. (2020). On the Post-Truth as a Lie. RUDN Journal of Philosophy, 24(1), 64–76.
  • Rajabzadeh, S. (2019). The Depoliticized Saracen and Muslim Erasure. Literature Compass, 16(9–10).
  • Rouse, R. (2000). Expectation Vs. Experience: Encountering the Saracen Other in Middle English Romance. SELIM: Journal of the Spanish Society for Medieval English Language and Literature, 10, 125–140.
  • Seifert, C. M. (2017). The Distributed Influence of Misinformation. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 6(4), 397–400.
  • Speed, D. (1990). The Saracens of King Horn. Speculum-a Journal of Medieval Studies, 65(3), 564–595.
  • Stanley, J. (2015). How Propaganda Works. Princeton University Press.
  • Strickland, D. H. (2003). Saracens, Demons & Jews: Making Monsters in Medieval Art. Princeton University Press.
  • Sumberg, L. A. M. (1959). The Tafurs and the First Crusade. Mediaeval Studies, 21, 224–246.
  • Tischler, M. M. (2015). Lex Mahometi: The Authority of a Pattern of Religious Polemics. Journal of Transcultural Medieval Studies, 2(1), 3–62.
  • Tolan, J. V. (2002). Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination. Columbia University Press.
  • Tolan, J. V. (2008). Sons of Ishmael: Muslims Through European Eyes in the Middle Ages. University Press of Florida.

Orta Çağ İngiliz Romanslarında Post-Truthu İnşa Etmek

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 37, 17 - 29, 31.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.65083/asbider.1613859

Öz

Gerçek ötesi (post-truth) kavramı, tarihin derinlerine kadar uzanarak zaman ve yer sınırlarını aşıp ve modern çağımızın belirleyici bir özelliği halini alır. Dijital Çağ, genellikle gerçek ötesi ile ilişkilendirilir çünkü burada bilginin bolca yayılması ve gerçeğin esnekliği, duygusal çağrılar ve ideolojinin nesnel doğruluktan önce geldiği bir atmosfer teşvik edilir. Bununla birlikte, gerçek ötesinin kökleri daha derinlerde ve yüzyıllar boyunca süren karmaşık bir anlatıya sahip gibi görünmektedir. Bu makale, özellikle Richard Coeur de Lion (Aslan Yürekli Richard) ile Orta Çağ İngiliz romans anlatıcılığına gerçek ötesi perspektifinden bakmaktadır. Uzmanlar, şövalyelik, saraylı usulü aşk ve kahramanlığın Orta Çağ İngiliz romanslarında Sarazenlerin nasıl tasvir edildiğini uzun süredir araştırmaktadır. Bu edebi anlatılar, Orta Çağdaki Hristiyan-Müslüman etkileşimlerini anlamak için temaları, sembolleri ve karakterleri karmaşık bir şekilde harmanlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bu temsiller, özellikle İslam ve Müslümanlar ile ilgili olanlar, gerçekçi olmayan bir bakış açısından sıklıkla göz ardı edilmektedir. Sarazenlerin tasviri sadece bir anlatı tercihi değil, aynı zamanda Orta Çağ İngiliz romanslarının temelini oluşturan kültürel ve tarihsel çevrenin bir yansımasıdır. Bu makale, Orta Çağ İngiliz romansı Richard Coeur de Lion'da İslam ve Müslümanların nasıl temsil edildiğini, özellikle Sarazenlerin gerçek ötesi dinamikleri bağlamında incelemektedir. Orta Çağda geçen bu romans, siyasi ve ideolojik nedenlerle gerçeği stratejik olarak manipüle eden bir toplumu tasvir eder. Richard Coeur de Lion, tarihi ve teolojik gerçekleri kasıtlı olarak çarpıtarak duygusal tepkiler uyandırır, Hristiyan inancını güçlendirir ve Sarazeni doğası gereği öteki olarak konumlandırır. Bu çalışma, romansın uyarlanabilir yapısı ve gerçeklerden ziyade duygusal tepkilere öncelik veren anlatım tarzını inceleyerek gerçek ötesi stratejilerinin Orta Çağa ait örneklerini ortaya çıkarır. Bu makale, Richard Coeur de Lion gibi Orta Çağ anlatılarının ahlaki rehberliği kasıtlı çarpıtmalarla karıştırarak gerçeklik algılarını nasıl şekillendirdiğini ve Sarazenlerin Haçlı Seferleri bağlamında temsiline nasıl etki ettiğini incelemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Akbari, S. C. (2000). From Due East to True North: Orientalism and Orientation. In J. J. Cohen (Ed.), The Postcolonial Middle Ages (pp. 19–34). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Akbari, S. C. (2005). The Hunger for National Identity in Richard Coer De Lion. In R. M. Stein & S. P. Prior (Eds), Reading Medieval Culture: Essays in Honor of Robert W. Hanning (pp. 198–227). University of Notre Dame Press.
  • Al-Olaqi, F. M. T. S. (2012). English Literary Portrait of the Arabs. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 9, 1767–1775.
  • Arendt, H. (1968). Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought. Viking Press.
  • Brahms, Y. (2020). Philosophy of Post-Truth.
  • Classen, A. (Ed.). (2016). Meeting the Foreign in the Middle Ages. Routledge.
  • Cohen, J. J. (2001). On Saracen Enjoyment: Some Fantasies of Race in Late Medieval France and England. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 31(1), 113–146.
  • Cordery, L. (2002). The Saracens in Middle English Literature: A Definition of Otherness. Al-Masāq, 14(2), 87–99.
  • Heng, G. (2000). The Romance of England: Richard Coer De Lyon, Saracens, Jews, and the Politics of Race and Nation. In J. J. Cohen (Ed.), The Postcolonial Middle Ages (pp. 135–171). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Jones, C. M. (1942). The Conventional Saracen of the Songs of Geste. Speculum-a Journal of Medieval Studies, 17(2), 201–225.
  • Jubb, M. (2005). The Crusaders’ Perceptions of Their Opponents. In H. J. Nicholson (Ed.), Palgrave Advances in the Crusades (pp. 225–244). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kim, D. (2021). The Politics of the Medieval Preracial. Literature Compass, 18(10).
  • Larkin, P. (2015). Richard Coer De Lyon. Medieval Institute Publications.
  • Mayrhofer, S. (2013). What Is Sarezyns Flesch Thus Good?: Cannibalism and the Humors in Richard Cœr De Lyon. eHumanista: Journal of Iberian Studies, 25, 75–93.
  • McDonald, N. (2004). Eating People and the Alimentary Logic of Richard Coeur De Lion. In N. McDonald (Ed.), Pulp Fictions of Medieval England: Essays in Popular Romance (pp. 124–150). Manchester University Press.
  • Mcintyre, L. (2018). Post-Truth. MIT Press.
  • Menache, S. (2010). Love of God or Hatred of Your Enemy? The Emotional Voices of the Crusades. Mirabilia, 10, 1–20.
  • Metlitzki, D. (1977). The Matter of Araby in Medieval England. Yale University Press.
  • Munro, D. C. (1931). The Western Attitude Toward Islam During the Period of the Crusades. Speculum-a Journal of Medieval Studies, 1(3), 330–343.
  • Ottweill-Soulsby, S. (2016). Those Same Cursed Saracens’: Charlemagne’s Campaigns in the Iberian Peninsula as Religious Warfare. Journal of Medieval History, 42(4).
  • Pop, R. (2020). On the Post-Truth as a Lie. RUDN Journal of Philosophy, 24(1), 64–76.
  • Rajabzadeh, S. (2019). The Depoliticized Saracen and Muslim Erasure. Literature Compass, 16(9–10).
  • Rouse, R. (2000). Expectation Vs. Experience: Encountering the Saracen Other in Middle English Romance. SELIM: Journal of the Spanish Society for Medieval English Language and Literature, 10, 125–140.
  • Seifert, C. M. (2017). The Distributed Influence of Misinformation. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 6(4), 397–400.
  • Speed, D. (1990). The Saracens of King Horn. Speculum-a Journal of Medieval Studies, 65(3), 564–595.
  • Stanley, J. (2015). How Propaganda Works. Princeton University Press.
  • Strickland, D. H. (2003). Saracens, Demons & Jews: Making Monsters in Medieval Art. Princeton University Press.
  • Sumberg, L. A. M. (1959). The Tafurs and the First Crusade. Mediaeval Studies, 21, 224–246.
  • Tischler, M. M. (2015). Lex Mahometi: The Authority of a Pattern of Religious Polemics. Journal of Transcultural Medieval Studies, 2(1), 3–62.
  • Tolan, J. V. (2002). Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination. Columbia University Press.
  • Tolan, J. V. (2008). Sons of Ishmael: Muslims Through European Eyes in the Middle Ages. University Press of Florida.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hülya Taflı Düzgün 0000-0001-8513-7951

Tolga Duvar 0000-0001-7484-6007

Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 16 Ocak 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 37

Kaynak Göster

APA Taflı Düzgün, H., & Duvar, T. (2026). Constructing the Post-truth in the Middle English Romance. Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(37), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.65083/asbider.1613859
AMA 1.Taflı Düzgün H, Duvar T. Constructing the Post-truth in the Middle English Romance. ASBİDER. 2026;13(37):17-29. doi:10.65083/asbider.1613859
Chicago Taflı Düzgün, Hülya, ve Tolga Duvar. 2026. “Constructing the Post-truth in the Middle English Romance”. Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 13 (37): 17-29. https://doi.org/10.65083/asbider.1613859.
EndNote Taflı Düzgün H, Duvar T (01 Ocak 2026) Constructing the Post-truth in the Middle English Romance. Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 13 37 17–29.
IEEE [1]H. Taflı Düzgün ve T. Duvar, “Constructing the Post-truth in the Middle English Romance”, ASBİDER, c. 13, sy 37, ss. 17–29, Oca. 2026, doi: 10.65083/asbider.1613859.
ISNAD Taflı Düzgün, Hülya - Duvar, Tolga. “Constructing the Post-truth in the Middle English Romance”. Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 13/37 (01 Ocak 2026): 17-29. https://doi.org/10.65083/asbider.1613859.
JAMA 1.Taflı Düzgün H, Duvar T. Constructing the Post-truth in the Middle English Romance. ASBİDER. 2026;13:17–29.
MLA Taflı Düzgün, Hülya, ve Tolga Duvar. “Constructing the Post-truth in the Middle English Romance”. Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 13, sy 37, Ocak 2026, ss. 17-29, doi:10.65083/asbider.1613859.
Vancouver 1.Taflı Düzgün H, Duvar T. Constructing the Post-truth in the Middle English Romance. ASBİDER [Internet]. 01 Ocak 2026;13(37):17-29. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA54CS66HP
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