EN
TR
The Examination of Professionalism Attitudes Among Dental Students According to Class Level: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Professionalism Assessment Scale
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate professionalism attitudes among dental students
across different year levels and to investigate the effect of clinical experience on the subscales
of the Professionalism Assessment Scale. This cross-sectional study included 412 students en
rolled in the Faculty of Dentistry at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University. Data were collected using
the Turkish version of the Professionalism Assessment Scale (PAS-TR), the validity and relia
bility of which have been previously established. The scale comprises three subscales: Profes
sional Relationship and Development, Empathy–Humanism, and Responsibility. Internal con
sistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Intergroup comparisons were per
formed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by the Mann–Whitney U test for post hoc
pairwise analyses when statistically significant differences were identified. Overall professio
nalism attitude scores did not differ significantly among year levels (p > 0.05). However, stu
dents in the clinical years (fourth and fifth years) demonstrated significantly higher scores in
the Professional Relationship and Development (p = 0.023) and Responsibility (p = 0.030) subs
cales compared with preclinical students. No statistically significant differences were observed
for the Empathy–Humanism subscale. The overall internal consistency of the scale was high
(Cronbach’s α = 0.88).
Although overall professionalism attitudes remained relatively stable across year le
vels, improvements were observed in subdomains closely related to clinical experience.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Muğla, Turkey
References
- References 1. ABIM Foundation, ACP–ASIM Foundation, & European Federation of Internal Medi cine. (2002). Medical professionalism in the new millennium: A physician charter. An nals of Internal Medicine, 136(3), 243–246. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-3-200202050 00012
- 2. Epstein, R. M., & Hundert, E. M. (2002). Defining and assessing professional compe tence. JAMA, 287(2), 226–235. doi:10.1001/jama.287.2.226
- 3. Holmboe, E. S., Edgar, L., & Hamstra, S. (2016). The milestones guidebook. Chicago, IL: Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.
- 4. Zijlstra-Shaw, S., Robinson, P. G., & Roberts, T. (2012). Assessing professionalism wit hin dental education: The need for a definition. European Journal of Dental Education, 16(1), e128–e136. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0579.2011.00687.x
- 5. Nguyen, T. M., Jones, D., Ngo, K. L., & Hayes, M. J. (2017). Developing professionalism in dentistry: A systematic review. MedEdPublish, 6, 85. doi:10.15694/mep.2017.000085 6. Papadakis, M. A., Teherani, A., Banach, M. A., Knettler, T. R., Rattner, S. L., Stern, D. T., … Hodgson, C. S. (2005). Disciplinary action by medical boards and prior behavior in medical school. New England Journal of Medicine, 353(25), 2673–2682.
- 7. McMullan, R. D., Churruca, K., Hibbert, P., Li, L., Ash, R., Urwin, R., … Westbrook, J. I. (2024). Co-worker unprofessional behaviour and patient safety risks: An analysis of co-worker reports across eight Australian hospitals. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 36(2), mzae030. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzae030 8. Klemenc-Ketiš, Z., & Vrečko, H. (2014). Development and validation of a professiona lism assessment scale for medical students. International Journal of Medical Education, 5, 205–211. doi:10.5116/ijme.544b.7972 9. Tanrıverdi, E. Ç., Nas, M. A., Kaşali, K., Layık, M. E., & El-Aty, A. A. (2023). Validity and reliability of the Professionalism Assessment Scale in Turkish medical students. PLOS ONE, 18(1), e0281000. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281000
- 10. Kaşali, K., Eminoğlu, D. Ö., Üstündağ, Ş. D., & Tanrıverdi, E. Ç. (2024). Türk Diş He kimliği Öğrencilerinde Mesleki Değerlendirme Ölçeğinin Geçerliliği ve Güvenilirliği. Current Research in Health Sciences, 1(3), 115–122.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Dentistry (Other)
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
September 23, 2026
Submission Date
January 27, 2026
Acceptance Date
June 4, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 6 Number: 2
APA
Yurdakurban, E., & Bayırlı, A. B. (2026). The Examination of Professionalism Attitudes Among Dental Students According to Class Level: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Professionalism Assessment Scale. Acta Stomatologica Cappadocia, 6(2), 1-14. https://izlik.org/JA43YD22CJ
AMA
1.Yurdakurban E, Bayırlı AB. The Examination of Professionalism Attitudes Among Dental Students According to Class Level: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Professionalism Assessment Scale. asc. 2026;6(2):1-14. https://izlik.org/JA43YD22CJ
Chicago
Yurdakurban, Ebru, and Ali Batuhan Bayırlı. 2026. “The Examination of Professionalism Attitudes Among Dental Students According to Class Level: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Professionalism Assessment Scale”. Acta Stomatologica Cappadocia 6 (2): 1-14. https://izlik.org/JA43YD22CJ.
EndNote
Yurdakurban E, Bayırlı AB (September 1, 2026) The Examination of Professionalism Attitudes Among Dental Students According to Class Level: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Professionalism Assessment Scale. Acta Stomatologica Cappadocia 6 2 1–14.
IEEE
[1]E. Yurdakurban and A. B. Bayırlı, “The Examination of Professionalism Attitudes Among Dental Students According to Class Level: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Professionalism Assessment Scale”, asc, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1–14, Sept. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA43YD22CJ
ISNAD
Yurdakurban, Ebru - Bayırlı, Ali Batuhan. “The Examination of Professionalism Attitudes Among Dental Students According to Class Level: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Professionalism Assessment Scale”. Acta Stomatologica Cappadocia 6/2 (September 1, 2026): 1-14. https://izlik.org/JA43YD22CJ.
JAMA
1.Yurdakurban E, Bayırlı AB. The Examination of Professionalism Attitudes Among Dental Students According to Class Level: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Professionalism Assessment Scale. asc. 2026;6:1–14.
MLA
Yurdakurban, Ebru, and Ali Batuhan Bayırlı. “The Examination of Professionalism Attitudes Among Dental Students According to Class Level: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Professionalism Assessment Scale”. Acta Stomatologica Cappadocia, vol. 6, no. 2, Sept. 2026, pp. 1-14, https://izlik.org/JA43YD22CJ.
Vancouver
1.Ebru Yurdakurban, Ali Batuhan Bayırlı. The Examination of Professionalism Attitudes Among Dental Students According to Class Level: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Professionalism Assessment Scale. asc [Internet]. 2026 Sep. 1;6(2):1-14. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA43YD22CJ