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THE EFFECT OF AIR QUALITY AND SMOKING PREVALENCE ON DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM MENA COUNTRIES

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 10, 85 - 103, 29.10.2020

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the size and extent of the impact of income and smoking prevalence on health expenditures for MENA countries and 2010-2016 period, as well as exposure to Particulate Matter (PM2.5), which is one of the most important determinants of air quality. 1% increase in exposure to Particulate Matter (PM2.5) per capita creates an increase of 1.13% in total health expenditure per capita. 1% increase in GDP per capita leads to 1.03% increase in government health expenditure per capita, 0.5% increase in private health expenditure per capita and 0.42% increase in out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita. It was found found for the MENA countries that the goverment healthcare service tends to be in the luxury goodscategory, but private healthcare service and out-of-pocket health care service are differentiated and included in the necessary goods category. 1% increase in the prevalence of smoking causes a minor increase of (0.030‰) in private health expenditure per capita, and also a minor increase of (0.036‰) in out-of-pocket health expenditures per capita.

References

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Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 10, 85 - 103, 29.10.2020

Abstract

References

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  • EPI (2018). Environmental Performance Index. Global Metrics For The Environment:Ranking Country Performance On High-Priority Environmental Issues, 46.
  • Erden, C., & Koyuncu Turan, F. (2014). Kalkınma ve Çevresel Sağlık Riskleri: Türkiye İçin Ekonometrik Bir Analiz. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6 (2): 9-23.
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  • Fattahi, M. (2015). The Role of Urbanization Rate in The Relationship Between Air Pollution and Health Expenditures: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach, International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences. ISSN: 2300-2697, Vol. 53:68-7.
  • Forouzanfar, L., Alexander, H.R.,Anderson, V.F.,Bachman, S., Biryukov, M., Brauer, R., Burnett, D., Casey, M.M., Coates, A., &Cohen,G. (2015). Regional, and National Comparative Risk Assessment of 79 Behavioural, Environmental and Occupational, and Metabolic Risks or Clusters of Risks in 188 Countries, 1990–2013: a Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Lancet, 386 :2287-2323.
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  • Gerdtham, U.G., Sogaard, J, Andersson, F., Jonsson, B. (1992). Am econometric analysis of health care Expenditure: A Cross Section Study of the OECD Countries. Journal of Helath Economics 11, 63-84.
  • Gerdtham, U.-G., J. Sögaard, F. Andersson and B. Jönsson (1992). An Econometric Analysis of Health Care Expenditure: a Cross-Section Study of the OECD Countries J. Health Econ., 11: 63-84.
  • Green Facts. (2005). Air Pollution Particular Matter. Facts and Health and The Environment: https://www.greenfacts.org/en/particulate-matter-pm/level-3/02-health-effects.htm#3p0
  • Hao, Y., Liu, S., Lu, Z.-N., Huang, J.,& Zhao, M. (2018). The Impact of Environmental Pollution on Public HealthExpenditure: Dynamic Panel Analysis Based on Chinese Provincial Data. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25, 18853–18865.
  • Haseeb, M., Kot, S., & Iqbal,H., & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2019). Impact of Economic Growth, Environmental Pollution, and Energy Consumption on Health Expenditure and R&D Expenditure of ASEAN Countries. Energies. 12. 3598. 10.3390/en12193598.
  • Hausman, J. A. (1978). Spesification Tests in Econometrics. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1251-1271.
  • Heshmati, A.,& An, J. (2019). The Relationship Between Air Pollutants and Healthcare Expenditure: Empirical Evidence From South Korea, Enviromental Science and Pollution Research International. 26(31):31730-31751. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06145-3.
  • Hitiris,T., & Posnett, J. (1992). The Determinants and Effects of Health Expenditure in Developed Countries J, Health Econ., 11 : 173-181
  • Hitris&Posnet (1992), The Determinants and Effects of Health Expenditure in Developed Countries, Journal of Health Economics 11, 173–181.
  • J.P. Newhouse (1977). Medical-Care Expenditure: a Cross-National Survey J. Hum. Resour., 12 :115-122
  • Karasoy, A.,& Demirtaş, G. (2018). Sağlık Harcamalarının Belirleyicileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama: Çevre Kirliliği ve Yönetişimin Etkilerinin İncelenmesi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırması Dergisi, 7(3) :1917-1939.
  • Karatzas, G. (2000). On The Determinants of The US Aggregate Health Care Expenditure. Applied Economics 32:1085– 1099.
  • Li, T., Liu, H.,& Salvo, A. (2015). Severe Air Pollution and Labor Productivity. IZA Discussion Papers.
  • Lu, Z. N., Chen, H., Hao, Y., Wang, J., Song, X. & Mok, T. M. (2017). The Dynamic Relationship Between Environmental Pollution. Economic Development and Public Health: Evidence from China. J. Clean. Prod., 166: 134-147.
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Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Demet Özocaklı 0000-0003-3766-7012

Özge Özdemir

Publication Date October 29, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 10

Cite

APA Özocaklı, D., & Özdemir, Ö. (2020). THE EFFECT OF AIR QUALITY AND SMOKING PREVALENCE ON DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM MENA COUNTRIES. Avrasya Sosyal Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(10), 85-103.