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THE NEW STAGE IN THE US-CHINA RIVALRY: THE QUANTUM COMPUTER

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 11, 214 - 230, 01.12.2020

Abstract

Bu çalışma, ABD ile Çin arasındaki mücadelede yeni rekabet alanı olan tam donanımlı kuantum bilgisayarına sahip olma yarışını ve kuantum bilgisayarlara sahip olmanın ayrıcalığını araştırmak için yazılmıştır. Çalışmanın konusu belirlenirken, bu alanda çok az sayıda araştırmanın yapılması dikkate alınmıştır. Mevcut çalışma, hem kuantum bilgisayarların avantajlarını hem de ABD-Çin rekabetini tam olarak aydınlatmasa da, uluslararası ilişki literatüründe, kuantum bilgisayarına ve ona sahip olmak için süper güçlerin yarışmalarına daha fazla dikkat çekmek konusunda önemlidir. Bu bağlamda, mevcut iki bölümlü çalışmanın birinci bölümünde ABD ile Çin arasındaki rekabet araştırılırken, makalenin ikinci bölümünde kuantum bilgisayarınnın sağlayacaği potansiyel fırsatlar ve ona sahip olma yarışı araştırılıyor.

References

  • A Joint Report of The Committee on Science and Committee on Homeland and National Security of The NATİONAL SCİENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCİL, (2016), “Advancing Quantum Information Science: National Challenges and Opportunities”, Executive Office Of The President, National Science and Technology Council, https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/images/Quantum_Info_Sci_Report_2016_07_22%20final.pdf (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • A team of Chinese researchers has successfully conducted a data transmission via a quantum channel over a distance of almost 3 kilometers, a new record, (2017), https://sputniknews.com/science/201711111059002731-quantum-communication-china/ (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Ambrose, Mitch (2018). “Science Committee Seeks to Launch A National Quantum Initiative”, https://www.aip.org/fyi/2018/science-committee-seeks-launch-national-quantum-initiative (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Austin, Greg (2016), “The US Will Win the Cyber War With Chine in 2017”, The Diplomat, 1 Kasım 2016,https://thediplomat.com/2016/11/the-us-will-win-the-cyber-war-with-china-in-2017/ (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • BBC documentary, (2016), “BBC Documentary, China vs USA – Empires at War”, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mkxL4iqcAY (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Buchanan, William ve Woodward, Alan, (2017), “Will quantum computers be the end of public key encryption?” Journal of Cyber Security Technology, Cilt 1, Sayı 1, pp. 1-22
  • Byrene, Sean ve Senehi, Jessica (2009). “Conflict analysis and resolution as a multidiscipline. A work in progress.” Sandole, Dennis J.D. ve diğerleri (ed). Handbook Of Conflict Anlayasis And Resolution, New York, Routladge, pp. 1-16.
  • China makes breakthrough on quantum computer, (2013), http://en.people.cn/202936/8126200.html (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Chinese Law & Government. (1975), “The Nixon-Chou Shangai Communique (February 27, 1972).” Cilt 8, Sayı 1, pp. 11-16
  • D-Wave Announces D-Wave 2000Q Quantum Computer and First System Order, (2017), https://www.dwavesys.com/press-releases/d-wave%C2%A0announces%C2%A0d-wave-2000q-quantum-computer-and-first-system-order (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Emmers, Ralf, (2003) “Securitization”, Collins, Allan (ed), Contemporary Security Studies, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 134-141.
  • Friedberg, Aaron L. (2005) “The Future of U.S.-China Relations: Is Conflict Inevitable?”, International Security, Cilt. 30, Sayı 2, The MIT Press, pp. 7-45.
  • Gershon, Talia, (2017) “What is quantum computing? Introduction to quantum computing”, http://www.research.ibm.com/ibm-q/learn/what-is-quantum-computing/ (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Giles, Martin, (2018). “ The man turning China into a quantum superpower”, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612596/the-man-turning-china-into-a-quantum-superpower/ (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Gray, J. (1998) “Rethinking Chinese economic reform.” Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Cilt 14, Sayı 3, pp. 134-154.
  • Gupta, V.K. (2002). “Quantum to Quantum Computing.” IETE Technical Review, Cilt 19, Sayı 5. pp 333-347.
  • He, Kai and Feng, Huiyun, (2009) “Leadership, regime security, and China’s policy toward Taiwan: prospect theory and Taiwan crises”, The Pacific Review, Cilt 30, Sayı 2, pp. 501-521
  • Herman, Artur, (2018). “At Last America Is Moving on Quantum” https://www.forbes.com/sites/arthurherman/2018/08/20/at-last-america-is-moving-on-quantum/#723d0de15327 (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Hurst Cindy , (2015) “The Quantum Leap into Computing and Communication: A Chinese Perspective”, https://wss.apan.org/3212/Shared%20Documents/Hurst%20Chinas%20Quantum%20Final%20Final.pdf (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • IBM Unveils World’s First Integrated Quantum Computing System for Commercial Use, (2019) https://newsroom.ibm.com/2019-01-08-IBM-Unveils-Worlds-First-Integrated-Quantum-Computing-System-for-Commercial-Use (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Katwala, Amit, (2018). “Why China’s perfectly placed to be quantum computing’s superpower”, https://www.wired.co.uk/article/quantum-computing-china-us (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Key Laboratory of Quantum, (2011), http://en.physics.ustc.edu.cn/2011/0728/c7852a96194/page.htm (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Liu, Ren-Bao ve diğerleri, (2010), “Quantum Computing by optical control of electron spins”, Advances in Pysics, Cilt 59, Sayı 5, pp 703-802
  • Meet D-Wave. Our Vision and History https://www.dwavesys.com/our-company/meet-d-wave (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Oliphant, Vickie, (2017), “China’s new space lasers to take out satellites leaving West at mercy of Beijing missiles”, https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/778100/China-developing-lasers-destroy-enemy-satellites-futuristic-light-war-militarise-space (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Ormrod, David and Turnbull, Benjamin, (2016), “The cyber conceptual framework for developing military doctrine”, Defence Studies, Cilt 16, Sayı 3, pp. 270-293
  • Poonia, R.C., and Kalra, M. (2016). “Bridging approaches to reduce the gap between classical and quantum computing.” Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, Cilt 37, Sayı 2, pp. 279-283
  • Prince, J. Dale (2014). “Quantum Computing: An Introduction” Journal of Electronic Resource in Medical Libraries, Cilt 11, Sayı 3, pp. 155-158
  • Reichardt, Randy. (2006). “Moore’s Law and The Pace of Change.” Internet Refence Services Quarterly, Cilt 11, Sayı 3, pp. 117-124
  • Rena S. Miller & Labonte, Marc (2020), “COVID-19: U.S. Economic Effects”, Congressional Research Service.
  • Ross, Robetr S (2000), “The 1995-96 Taiwan Strait Confrontation: Coercion, Credibility, and the Use of Force”, International Security, Cilt. 25, Sayı 2. The MIT Press, pp. 87-123.
  • Russel, John (2018) “House Passes $1.275B National Quantum Initiative” https://www.hpcwire.com/2018/09/17/house-passes-1-275b-national-quantum-initiative/ (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Sandıklı, Atilla and Kaya, Erdem, (2012), “Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri ve Barış”, (editors) Sandıklı, Atilla, Teoriler Işığında Güvenlik, Savaş, Barış ve Çatışma Çözümleri, İstanbul, Bilgesam Yayınları, pp. 133-161.
  • Simon, S.W. (1995), “Realism and neoliberalism: International relations theory and Southest Asian security.” The Pacific Review, Cilt 8, Sayı 1, pp 5-24.
  • Skultety, S. (2011), “Categories of Competition.” Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, Cilt 5, Sayı 4. pp 433-446
  • Thomas-Noone, Brendani (2006), “Electornic Warfare Comes to the South China Sea (and Whay it Matters)”, http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/electronic-warfare-comes-the-south-china-sea-why-it-matters-17454 (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Van der Steen, Anouk (2015), “Alibaba Group invests in joint quantum computing laboratory.”, https://www.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/2015/09/Alibaba%20Group%20investeert%20in%20kwantum%20computer%20laboratorium.pdf (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Vincent, James (2017), “Alibaba is spending $15 billion on researching quantum computing, Al, and more” https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/11/16458486/alibaba-research-investment-fund-15-billion-ai (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Wall Street Slammed After China Stock Woes, 27 Şubat 2007, http://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/02/27/wall-street-slammed-after-china-stock-woes.html (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Wang, Brian (2017), “China will open a $10 billion quantum computer center and others also investing in quantum computing”, https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2017/10/china-will-open-a-10-billion-quantum-computer-center-and-others-also-investing-in-quantum-computing.html (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • World Economic Outlook Database 1 Ekim, 2018. www.imf.org (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Xia, Chen, (2009) “China builds world’s first quantum encrypted gov’t network”, http://www.china.org.cn/government/local_governments/2009-05/21/content_17813415.htm (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Yao, Ming-li, (2018), “Creating and re-creating the nation of Taiwan: representations of the history of the Japanese colonial era in history textbooks and teachers’ discourses”, National Identities. Cilt 21, Sayı 3, pp. 305-320

The New Stage in the US-China Rivalry: The Quantum Computer

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 11, 214 - 230, 01.12.2020

Abstract

This study was written to investigate the race to own fully equipped quantum computer, which is the new competition sphere in the struggle between The USA and China, and the privilege of owning quantum computers. The subject of the existing study was determined to take into consideration the few numbers of researches in this field. Although the existing study does not fully illuminate both the advantages of quantum computers and the US-China rivalry, it is important bringing more attention in the international relation literature to a quantum computer and the competitions of superpowers to own it. In this sense, in the existing two parted study, while current rivalry between the US and China is investigated in the first chapter, the potential advances of quantum computer and the race to own it is explored in the second part of article.

References

  • A Joint Report of The Committee on Science and Committee on Homeland and National Security of The NATİONAL SCİENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCİL, (2016), “Advancing Quantum Information Science: National Challenges and Opportunities”, Executive Office Of The President, National Science and Technology Council, https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/images/Quantum_Info_Sci_Report_2016_07_22%20final.pdf (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • A team of Chinese researchers has successfully conducted a data transmission via a quantum channel over a distance of almost 3 kilometers, a new record, (2017), https://sputniknews.com/science/201711111059002731-quantum-communication-china/ (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Ambrose, Mitch (2018). “Science Committee Seeks to Launch A National Quantum Initiative”, https://www.aip.org/fyi/2018/science-committee-seeks-launch-national-quantum-initiative (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Austin, Greg (2016), “The US Will Win the Cyber War With Chine in 2017”, The Diplomat, 1 Kasım 2016,https://thediplomat.com/2016/11/the-us-will-win-the-cyber-war-with-china-in-2017/ (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • BBC documentary, (2016), “BBC Documentary, China vs USA – Empires at War”, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mkxL4iqcAY (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Buchanan, William ve Woodward, Alan, (2017), “Will quantum computers be the end of public key encryption?” Journal of Cyber Security Technology, Cilt 1, Sayı 1, pp. 1-22
  • Byrene, Sean ve Senehi, Jessica (2009). “Conflict analysis and resolution as a multidiscipline. A work in progress.” Sandole, Dennis J.D. ve diğerleri (ed). Handbook Of Conflict Anlayasis And Resolution, New York, Routladge, pp. 1-16.
  • China makes breakthrough on quantum computer, (2013), http://en.people.cn/202936/8126200.html (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Chinese Law & Government. (1975), “The Nixon-Chou Shangai Communique (February 27, 1972).” Cilt 8, Sayı 1, pp. 11-16
  • D-Wave Announces D-Wave 2000Q Quantum Computer and First System Order, (2017), https://www.dwavesys.com/press-releases/d-wave%C2%A0announces%C2%A0d-wave-2000q-quantum-computer-and-first-system-order (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Emmers, Ralf, (2003) “Securitization”, Collins, Allan (ed), Contemporary Security Studies, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 134-141.
  • Friedberg, Aaron L. (2005) “The Future of U.S.-China Relations: Is Conflict Inevitable?”, International Security, Cilt. 30, Sayı 2, The MIT Press, pp. 7-45.
  • Gershon, Talia, (2017) “What is quantum computing? Introduction to quantum computing”, http://www.research.ibm.com/ibm-q/learn/what-is-quantum-computing/ (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Giles, Martin, (2018). “ The man turning China into a quantum superpower”, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612596/the-man-turning-china-into-a-quantum-superpower/ (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Gray, J. (1998) “Rethinking Chinese economic reform.” Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Cilt 14, Sayı 3, pp. 134-154.
  • Gupta, V.K. (2002). “Quantum to Quantum Computing.” IETE Technical Review, Cilt 19, Sayı 5. pp 333-347.
  • He, Kai and Feng, Huiyun, (2009) “Leadership, regime security, and China’s policy toward Taiwan: prospect theory and Taiwan crises”, The Pacific Review, Cilt 30, Sayı 2, pp. 501-521
  • Herman, Artur, (2018). “At Last America Is Moving on Quantum” https://www.forbes.com/sites/arthurherman/2018/08/20/at-last-america-is-moving-on-quantum/#723d0de15327 (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Hurst Cindy , (2015) “The Quantum Leap into Computing and Communication: A Chinese Perspective”, https://wss.apan.org/3212/Shared%20Documents/Hurst%20Chinas%20Quantum%20Final%20Final.pdf (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • IBM Unveils World’s First Integrated Quantum Computing System for Commercial Use, (2019) https://newsroom.ibm.com/2019-01-08-IBM-Unveils-Worlds-First-Integrated-Quantum-Computing-System-for-Commercial-Use (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Katwala, Amit, (2018). “Why China’s perfectly placed to be quantum computing’s superpower”, https://www.wired.co.uk/article/quantum-computing-china-us (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Key Laboratory of Quantum, (2011), http://en.physics.ustc.edu.cn/2011/0728/c7852a96194/page.htm (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Liu, Ren-Bao ve diğerleri, (2010), “Quantum Computing by optical control of electron spins”, Advances in Pysics, Cilt 59, Sayı 5, pp 703-802
  • Meet D-Wave. Our Vision and History https://www.dwavesys.com/our-company/meet-d-wave (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Oliphant, Vickie, (2017), “China’s new space lasers to take out satellites leaving West at mercy of Beijing missiles”, https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/778100/China-developing-lasers-destroy-enemy-satellites-futuristic-light-war-militarise-space (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Ormrod, David and Turnbull, Benjamin, (2016), “The cyber conceptual framework for developing military doctrine”, Defence Studies, Cilt 16, Sayı 3, pp. 270-293
  • Poonia, R.C., and Kalra, M. (2016). “Bridging approaches to reduce the gap between classical and quantum computing.” Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, Cilt 37, Sayı 2, pp. 279-283
  • Prince, J. Dale (2014). “Quantum Computing: An Introduction” Journal of Electronic Resource in Medical Libraries, Cilt 11, Sayı 3, pp. 155-158
  • Reichardt, Randy. (2006). “Moore’s Law and The Pace of Change.” Internet Refence Services Quarterly, Cilt 11, Sayı 3, pp. 117-124
  • Rena S. Miller & Labonte, Marc (2020), “COVID-19: U.S. Economic Effects”, Congressional Research Service.
  • Ross, Robetr S (2000), “The 1995-96 Taiwan Strait Confrontation: Coercion, Credibility, and the Use of Force”, International Security, Cilt. 25, Sayı 2. The MIT Press, pp. 87-123.
  • Russel, John (2018) “House Passes $1.275B National Quantum Initiative” https://www.hpcwire.com/2018/09/17/house-passes-1-275b-national-quantum-initiative/ (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Sandıklı, Atilla and Kaya, Erdem, (2012), “Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri ve Barış”, (editors) Sandıklı, Atilla, Teoriler Işığında Güvenlik, Savaş, Barış ve Çatışma Çözümleri, İstanbul, Bilgesam Yayınları, pp. 133-161.
  • Simon, S.W. (1995), “Realism and neoliberalism: International relations theory and Southest Asian security.” The Pacific Review, Cilt 8, Sayı 1, pp 5-24.
  • Skultety, S. (2011), “Categories of Competition.” Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, Cilt 5, Sayı 4. pp 433-446
  • Thomas-Noone, Brendani (2006), “Electornic Warfare Comes to the South China Sea (and Whay it Matters)”, http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/electronic-warfare-comes-the-south-china-sea-why-it-matters-17454 (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Van der Steen, Anouk (2015), “Alibaba Group invests in joint quantum computing laboratory.”, https://www.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/2015/09/Alibaba%20Group%20investeert%20in%20kwantum%20computer%20laboratorium.pdf (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Vincent, James (2017), “Alibaba is spending $15 billion on researching quantum computing, Al, and more” https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/11/16458486/alibaba-research-investment-fund-15-billion-ai (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Wall Street Slammed After China Stock Woes, 27 Şubat 2007, http://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/02/27/wall-street-slammed-after-china-stock-woes.html (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Wang, Brian (2017), “China will open a $10 billion quantum computer center and others also investing in quantum computing”, https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2017/10/china-will-open-a-10-billion-quantum-computer-center-and-others-also-investing-in-quantum-computing.html (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • World Economic Outlook Database 1 Ekim, 2018. www.imf.org (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Xia, Chen, (2009) “China builds world’s first quantum encrypted gov’t network”, http://www.china.org.cn/government/local_governments/2009-05/21/content_17813415.htm (E.T: 19 Eylül 2020).
  • Yao, Ming-li, (2018), “Creating and re-creating the nation of Taiwan: representations of the history of the Japanese colonial era in history textbooks and teachers’ discourses”, National Identities. Cilt 21, Sayı 3, pp. 305-320
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Tural Aliyev 0000-0001-6618-0751

Publication Date December 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 11

Cite

APA Aliyev, T. (2020). The New Stage in the US-China Rivalry: The Quantum Computer. Avrasya Sosyal Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(11), 214-230.