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VERGİ YÜKÜ VE BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: AVRASYA ÜLKELERİ-2002-2019 DÖNEMİ

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 234 - 251, 31.01.2022

Abstract

Bu çalışmada 2002-2019 yıllarına ait statik ve dinamik panel veri yöntemleri kullanılarak vergi yükünün iktisadi büyüme üzerindeki etkisi 12 Avrasya ekonomisi örneğinde incelenmiştir. Sabit etkiler tahmincisinin sonucuna göre vergi yükündeki bir birimlik artış kişi başına düşen GSYH büyümesi ile ölçülen iktisadi büyümeyi 0,588 negatif etkilemektedir. Bununla birlikte hukukun üstünlüğü ise büyümeyi 0,337 negatif etkilemektedir. Diğer taraftan ticaret açıklığındaki bir birimlik artış büyümeyi 0,355 pozitif etkilemektedir. Sistem GMM dinamik panel analizin bulgularına göre ise %5 anlam düzeyinde sadece vergi yükünün bağımlı değişkeni açıklamakta anlamlı olduğu görülmektedir. Buna göre vergi yükündeki bir birimlik artış iktisadi büyümeyi 0,351 oranında pozitif etkilemektedir. Diğer taraftan %10 anlam düzeyinde bağımlı değişkeni açıklayan ticari açıklıkta meydana gelen bir birimlik artış büyümeyi 0,151 pozitif etkilemektedir. Dolayısıyla sabit etkiler modelindeki vergi yükünün güçlü negatif etkisi ve ticari açıklığın pozitif etkisi diğer katsayılar arasında öne çıkmaktadır.

References

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  • Arellano, M. & Bover, O. (1995). “Another Look at The Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models”, Journal of econometrics, 68(1), 29-51.
  • Arndt, C. & Oman, C. (2006). Uses and Abuses of Governance Indicators, Development Centre Studies, OECD, Paris.
  • Arnold, J. (2008). Do Tax Structures Affect Aggregate Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence from a Panel of OECD Countries, Economics Department Working Papers, No: 643, OECD, Paris.
  • Barro, R. J. (1990). "Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth", Journal of Political Economy, 98, 103-125
  • Bhargava, A., Franzini, L. & Narendranathan, W. (1982), “Serial Correlation and the Fixed Effects Model”. The Review of Economic Studies, 49(4), 533-549.
  • Bjorvatn, K., & Farzanegan, M. R. (2013). “Demographic Transition in Resource Rich Countries: A Blessing or A Curse?”, World Development, 45, 337-351.
  • Blundell, R. & Bond, S. (1998). “Initial conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models”, Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115-143. Breusch, T. S. & Pagan, A. R. (1980). “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Çelikay, F. (2018). “Vergi Yükünün Ekonomik Büyüme Hızı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye’deki İller Örnekleminde Ampirik Bir Analiz (2005-2014)”, İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(5): 37-55.
  • Chauvier, J. (1991). Sovyetler Birliği: Ekonomik ve Siyasi Gelişmeler (1917/1988), (Çev. Temel Keşoğlu), BDS Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Davoodi. H & Zou. H. (1998). “Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Study”, Journal of Urban Economics, 43, 244–257.
  • Edwards, S. (1993). “Openness, Trade Liberalisation, And Growth in Developing Countries”, The Journal of Economic Literature, 31(3), 1358-1393.
  • Frees, E.W. (1995). “Assessing Cross-Sectional Correlations in Panel Data”. Journal of Econometrics, (69), 393-414.
  • Frees, E.W. (2004). Longitudinal and Panel Data: Analysis and Applications in the Social Sciences, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Friedman, M. (1937). “The use Of Ranks to Avoid the Assumption of Normality Implicit In The Analysis Of Variance”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32(200), 675-701.
  • Gelb, A. (2010). “Economic Diversification in Resource Rich Countries”, Center for Global Development, 1-23.
  • Gençler, F. & Bircan, İ. (2012). “Contribution of the Agriculture Sector in Sustainable Development in Eurasian Countries: Evaluating Risks and Opportunities”, 4. Internatıonal Conference on Eurasian Economies 2012, 11-13 Kasım 2012, Almaty.
  • Haggard, S. & Tiede, L. (2011). “The Rule of Law and Economic Growth: Where Are We?”. World Development, 39(5), 673-685.
  • Jaimovich, N. ve Rebelo, S. (2017). “Nonlinear Effects of Taxation on Growth”, Journal of Political Economy, 125(1), 265-291.
  • Kaser, M. (2005). “Growth Accounting for Eight Eurasian Economies: Factors Differentiating Future Prospects from Soviet and Transition Experience”, NATO Science Series Sub Series V Science and Technology Policy, 49, 145-160.
  • Khujamkulov, I. (2016). Tax Revenues in Transition Countries: Structural Changes and Their Policy İmplications, (No. 2016/180), WIDER Working Paper, Helsinki.
  • King R. G. & Rebelo S. (1990). “Public Policy and Economic Growth: Developing Neoclassical Implications”, Journal of Political Economy, 98 (5), 126- 150.
  • Lotz, J.R. & Morss, E.R. (1967). “Measuring Tax Effort in Developing Countries”, International Monetary Staff Papers, 14, 479-497.
  • Lucas, R. E. (1988). “On the Mechanics of Economic Development”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42.
  • Markandya, A., & Averchenkova, A. (2000). “Transition and Reform: What Effect Does Resource Abundance Have?”, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 27(3), 349-363.
  • Marşap, A., Narin, M. & Özcan, İ. (2010). “Avrasya Ülkeleri Açısından Yenileşen Dengeli Enerji Yönetiminde Paylaşılan Stratejik Yaklaşımlar”, International Conference on Eurasian Economies Proceedings 2010, 4-5 Kasım 2010, İstanbul.
  • Mendoza, E., Milesi-Ferretti, G. & Asea, P. (1995). “Do Taxes Matter for Long-Run Growth?”, IMF Working Paper Series, 95/79, 1-42. Pesaran, M.H (2004). “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, Empirical Economics, 1-38.
  • Ramsey, F. P. (1928). “A Mathematical Theory of Saving”, The Economic Journal, 38 (152), 543–59. Razin A. & Yuen C. (1995). “Capital Income Taxation and Long Run Growth: New Perspectives”, NBER Working Paper, No 5028.
  • Romer, P. M. (1990). “Endogenous Technological Change”, Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 71-102.
  • Sachs, J. D. & Andrew W. (1995). “Economic reform and the process of global integration”, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1, 1-118.
  • Sanzo, S., Bella, M. & Graziano, G. (2017). “Tax Structure and Economic Growth: A Panel Cointegrated VAR Analysis”, Italian Economic Journal, 3(2), 239-253.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956), “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70 (1), 65-94.
  • Stoilova, D. & Patonov, N. (2013). “An Empirical Evidence for The Impact of Taxation on Economy Growth in The European Union”, Tourism and Management Studies, 3, 1030–1039.
  • Tatoğlu F. Y. (2020). İleri Panel Veri Analizi Stata Uygulamalı, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Tatoğlu, F. Y. (2016). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi, Beta Basım Yayım, İstanbul.
  • Tiwari, A.K. & Mihai M. (2014). “A Revisit on The Tax Burden Distribution and GDP Growth: Fresh Evidence Using a Consistent Nonparametric Test for Causality for the USA”, Empirical Economics, 46, 961-972.
  • Topal, M H. (2017). “Vergi Yapısının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: OECD Ülkelerinden Ampirik Bir Kanıt”, Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi.,5 (3), 183-206.
  • Weber, A. (1967). Kuvvetli ve Zayıf Tarafları ile Bugünkü Sovyet Ekonomisi, (Çev. Arif Demirer & Hikmet Somay), Kişisel Kitaplar, Mersin.
  • Woodruff, C. (2006). “Measuring institutions”, International Handbook on The Economics of Corruption, (Ed.) Ackerman, S. R., Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 105-126.
Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 234 - 251, 31.01.2022

Abstract

References

  • Arellano, M. & Bond, S. (1991). “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and An Application to Employment Equations”, The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Arellano, M. & Bover, O. (1995). “Another Look at The Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models”, Journal of econometrics, 68(1), 29-51.
  • Arndt, C. & Oman, C. (2006). Uses and Abuses of Governance Indicators, Development Centre Studies, OECD, Paris.
  • Arnold, J. (2008). Do Tax Structures Affect Aggregate Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence from a Panel of OECD Countries, Economics Department Working Papers, No: 643, OECD, Paris.
  • Barro, R. J. (1990). "Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth", Journal of Political Economy, 98, 103-125
  • Bhargava, A., Franzini, L. & Narendranathan, W. (1982), “Serial Correlation and the Fixed Effects Model”. The Review of Economic Studies, 49(4), 533-549.
  • Bjorvatn, K., & Farzanegan, M. R. (2013). “Demographic Transition in Resource Rich Countries: A Blessing or A Curse?”, World Development, 45, 337-351.
  • Blundell, R. & Bond, S. (1998). “Initial conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models”, Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115-143. Breusch, T. S. & Pagan, A. R. (1980). “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Çelikay, F. (2018). “Vergi Yükünün Ekonomik Büyüme Hızı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye’deki İller Örnekleminde Ampirik Bir Analiz (2005-2014)”, İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(5): 37-55.
  • Chauvier, J. (1991). Sovyetler Birliği: Ekonomik ve Siyasi Gelişmeler (1917/1988), (Çev. Temel Keşoğlu), BDS Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Davoodi. H & Zou. H. (1998). “Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Study”, Journal of Urban Economics, 43, 244–257.
  • Edwards, S. (1993). “Openness, Trade Liberalisation, And Growth in Developing Countries”, The Journal of Economic Literature, 31(3), 1358-1393.
  • Frees, E.W. (1995). “Assessing Cross-Sectional Correlations in Panel Data”. Journal of Econometrics, (69), 393-414.
  • Frees, E.W. (2004). Longitudinal and Panel Data: Analysis and Applications in the Social Sciences, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Friedman, M. (1937). “The use Of Ranks to Avoid the Assumption of Normality Implicit In The Analysis Of Variance”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32(200), 675-701.
  • Gelb, A. (2010). “Economic Diversification in Resource Rich Countries”, Center for Global Development, 1-23.
  • Gençler, F. & Bircan, İ. (2012). “Contribution of the Agriculture Sector in Sustainable Development in Eurasian Countries: Evaluating Risks and Opportunities”, 4. Internatıonal Conference on Eurasian Economies 2012, 11-13 Kasım 2012, Almaty.
  • Haggard, S. & Tiede, L. (2011). “The Rule of Law and Economic Growth: Where Are We?”. World Development, 39(5), 673-685.
  • Jaimovich, N. ve Rebelo, S. (2017). “Nonlinear Effects of Taxation on Growth”, Journal of Political Economy, 125(1), 265-291.
  • Kaser, M. (2005). “Growth Accounting for Eight Eurasian Economies: Factors Differentiating Future Prospects from Soviet and Transition Experience”, NATO Science Series Sub Series V Science and Technology Policy, 49, 145-160.
  • Khujamkulov, I. (2016). Tax Revenues in Transition Countries: Structural Changes and Their Policy İmplications, (No. 2016/180), WIDER Working Paper, Helsinki.
  • King R. G. & Rebelo S. (1990). “Public Policy and Economic Growth: Developing Neoclassical Implications”, Journal of Political Economy, 98 (5), 126- 150.
  • Lotz, J.R. & Morss, E.R. (1967). “Measuring Tax Effort in Developing Countries”, International Monetary Staff Papers, 14, 479-497.
  • Lucas, R. E. (1988). “On the Mechanics of Economic Development”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42.
  • Markandya, A., & Averchenkova, A. (2000). “Transition and Reform: What Effect Does Resource Abundance Have?”, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 27(3), 349-363.
  • Marşap, A., Narin, M. & Özcan, İ. (2010). “Avrasya Ülkeleri Açısından Yenileşen Dengeli Enerji Yönetiminde Paylaşılan Stratejik Yaklaşımlar”, International Conference on Eurasian Economies Proceedings 2010, 4-5 Kasım 2010, İstanbul.
  • Mendoza, E., Milesi-Ferretti, G. & Asea, P. (1995). “Do Taxes Matter for Long-Run Growth?”, IMF Working Paper Series, 95/79, 1-42. Pesaran, M.H (2004). “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, Empirical Economics, 1-38.
  • Ramsey, F. P. (1928). “A Mathematical Theory of Saving”, The Economic Journal, 38 (152), 543–59. Razin A. & Yuen C. (1995). “Capital Income Taxation and Long Run Growth: New Perspectives”, NBER Working Paper, No 5028.
  • Romer, P. M. (1990). “Endogenous Technological Change”, Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 71-102.
  • Sachs, J. D. & Andrew W. (1995). “Economic reform and the process of global integration”, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1, 1-118.
  • Sanzo, S., Bella, M. & Graziano, G. (2017). “Tax Structure and Economic Growth: A Panel Cointegrated VAR Analysis”, Italian Economic Journal, 3(2), 239-253.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956), “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70 (1), 65-94.
  • Stoilova, D. & Patonov, N. (2013). “An Empirical Evidence for The Impact of Taxation on Economy Growth in The European Union”, Tourism and Management Studies, 3, 1030–1039.
  • Tatoğlu F. Y. (2020). İleri Panel Veri Analizi Stata Uygulamalı, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Tatoğlu, F. Y. (2016). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi, Beta Basım Yayım, İstanbul.
  • Tiwari, A.K. & Mihai M. (2014). “A Revisit on The Tax Burden Distribution and GDP Growth: Fresh Evidence Using a Consistent Nonparametric Test for Causality for the USA”, Empirical Economics, 46, 961-972.
  • Topal, M H. (2017). “Vergi Yapısının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: OECD Ülkelerinden Ampirik Bir Kanıt”, Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi.,5 (3), 183-206.
  • Weber, A. (1967). Kuvvetli ve Zayıf Tarafları ile Bugünkü Sovyet Ekonomisi, (Çev. Arif Demirer & Hikmet Somay), Kişisel Kitaplar, Mersin.
  • Woodruff, C. (2006). “Measuring institutions”, International Handbook on The Economics of Corruption, (Ed.) Ackerman, S. R., Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 105-126.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mustafa Alpin Gülşen 0000-0002-2860-4469

Mustafa Yildiran 0000-0002-1450-781X

Publication Date January 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gülşen, M. A., & Yildiran, M. (2022). VERGİ YÜKÜ VE BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: AVRASYA ÜLKELERİ-2002-2019 DÖNEMİ. Avrasya Sosyal Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 234-251.