DIŞ TİCARET VE EKONOMİK ENTEGRASYON İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE'NİN AB VE BRICS AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 9 - 30, 30.04.2025

Bahadır Murat Çakmaklı

Öz

Ticaret politikaları, ülkelerin refahının ve ekonomik istikrarının sağlanmasında önemli bir faktördür. Dış ticaretin makro ve mikro planları belirlemedeki gücünün ülkeleri birlikte hareket etmeye ve ekonomik işbirliğine dayalı entegrasyonlar kurmaya zorladığı görülmektedir. Türkiye, ekonomik entegrasyonların sağladığı avantajlardan yararlanmak için Avrupa Birliği'ne (AB) üye olmak istemesine rağmen bugüne kadar bu isteğini gerçekleştirememiş ve 2024 yılından itibaren entegrasyon politikasını kademeli olarak çeşitlendirme kararı almıştır. Bu kararların başında BRICS ile ilişkilerini geliştirerek üyelik başvurusunda bulunma isteği gösterilebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1985-2023 dönemi için Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu (GMM) kullanarak Türkiye'nin AB ve BRICS ile olan dış ticaretinin Türkiye'nin ekonomik büyümesine katkısını belirlemektir. Analiz sonucunda, Türkiye'nin her iki entegrasyonla olan dış ticaretinin Türkiye'nin ekonomik büyümesi üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu, ancak BRICS üyesi ülkelerle olan dış ticaretin Türkiye üzerinde AB ülkelerine göre daha güçlü bir etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye , İhracat , İthalat , Ekonomik Büyüme , AB , BRICS

FOREIGN TRADE AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION RELATIONSHIP: EVALUATION OF TURKEY IN TERMS OF EU AND BRICS

Öz

Trade policies are important factors in ensuring the welfare and economic stability of countries. It is seen that the power of foreign trade in determining macro and micro plans forces countries to act together and establish integrations based on economic cooperation. Although Turkey wants to become a member of the European Union (EU) to take advantage of the advantages provided by economic integrations, it has not been able to realise this desire until today and has decided to gradually diversify its integration policy as of 2024. At the beginning of these decisions, the desire to apply for membership by improving its relations with BRICS can be shown. The aim of this study is to determine the contribution of foreign trade between Turkey and the EU and BRICS to Turkey's economic growth by using the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) for the period between 1985 and 2023. As a result of the analysis, it is found that Turkey's foreign trade with both integrations has a positive and significant effect on Turkey's economic growth, but foreign trade with BRICS member countries has a stronger effect on Turkey than EU countries

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turkey , Exports , Imports , Economic Growth , EU , BRICS

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